前面的文章中提到了通過RTSP（Real Time Streaming Protocol）的方式來實作視訊的直播，但RTSP方式的一個弊端是如果需要支援用戶端通過網頁來通路，就需要在在頁面中嵌入一個ActiveX控件，而ActiveX一般都需要簽名才能正常使用，否則使用者在使用時還需要更改浏覽器設定，并且ActiveX還隻支援IE核心的浏覽器，Chrome、FireFox需要IE插件才能運作，是以會特别影響使用者體驗。而RTMP(Real Time Messaging Protocol)很好的解決了這一個問題。由于RTMP是針對FLASH的流媒體協定，視訊通過RTMP直播後，隻需要在WEB上嵌入一個Web Player（如Jwplayer）即可觀看，而且對平台也沒什麼限制，還可以友善的通過手機觀看。
視訊通過RTMP方式釋出需要一個RTMP Server(常見的有FMS、Wowza Media Server， 開源的有CRtmpServer、Red5等)，原始視訊隻要按照RTMP協定發送給RTMP Server就可以RTMP視訊流的釋出了。為了便于視訊的打包釋出，封裝了一個RTMPStream，目前隻支援發送H264的視訊檔案。可以直接發送H264資料幀或H264檔案，RTMPStream提供的接口如下。
class CRTMPStream
{
public:
CRTMPStream(void);
~CRTMPStream(void);
// 連接配接到RTMP Server
bool Connect(const char* url);
// 斷開連接配接
void Close();
// 發送MetaData
bool SendMetadata(LPRTMPMetadata lpMetaData);
// 發送H264資料幀
bool SendH264Packet(unsigned char *data,unsigned int size,bool bIsKeyFrame,unsigned int nTimeStamp);
// 發送H264檔案
bool SendH264File(const char *pFileName);
//...
}
調用示例：
#include <stdio.h>
#include "RTMPStream\RTMPStream.h"
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
CRTMPStream rtmpSender;
bool bRet = rtmpSender.Connect("rtmp://192.168.1.104/live/test");
rtmpSender.SendH264File("E:\\video\\test.264");
rtmpSender.Close();
通過JwPlayer播放效果如下：
最後附上RTMPStream完整的代碼：
/********************************************************************
filename: RTMPStream.h
created: 2013-04-3
author: firehood
purpose: 發送H264視訊到RTMP Server，使用libRtmp庫
*********************************************************************/
#pragma once
#include "rtmp.h"
#include "rtmp_sys.h"
#include "amf.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#define FILEBUFSIZE (1024 * 1024 * 10) // 10M
// NALU單元
typedef struct _NaluUnit
{
int type;
int size;
unsigned char *data;
}NaluUnit;
typedef struct _RTMPMetadata
// video, must be h264 type
unsigned int nWidth;
unsigned int nHeight;
unsigned int nFrameRate; // fps
unsigned int nVideoDataRate; // bps
unsigned int nSpsLen;
unsigned char Sps[1024];
unsigned int nPpsLen;
unsigned char Pps[1024];
// audio, must be aac type
bool bHasAudio;
unsigned int nAudioSampleRate;
unsigned int nAudioSampleSize;
unsigned int nAudioChannels;
char pAudioSpecCfg;
unsigned int nAudioSpecCfgLen;
} RTMPMetadata,*LPRTMPMetadata;
class CRTMPStream
public:
CRTMPStream(void);
~CRTMPStream(void);
// 連接配接到RTMP Server
bool Connect(const char* url);
// 斷開連接配接
void Close();
// 發送MetaData
bool SendMetadata(LPRTMPMetadata lpMetaData);
// 發送H264資料幀
bool SendH264Packet(unsigned char *data,unsigned int size,bool bIsKeyFrame,unsigned int nTimeStamp);
// 發送H264檔案
bool SendH264File(const char *pFileName);
private:
// 送緩存中讀取一個NALU包
bool ReadOneNaluFromBuf(NaluUnit &nalu);
// 發送資料
int SendPacket(unsigned int nPacketType,unsigned char *data,unsigned int size,unsigned int nTimestamp);
RTMP* m_pRtmp;
unsigned char* m_pFileBuf;
unsigned int m_nFileBufSize;
unsigned int m_nCurPos;
};
filename: RTMPStream.cpp
#include "RTMPStream.h"
#include "SpsDecode.h"
#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
#pragma comment(lib,"WS2_32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
enum
FLV_CODECID_H264 = 7,
int InitSockets()
WORD version;
WSADATA wsaData;
version = MAKEWORD(1, 1);
return (WSAStartup(version, &wsaData) == 0);
#else
return TRUE;
#endif
inline void CleanupSockets()
WSACleanup();
char * put_byte( char *output, uint8_t nVal )
output[0] = nVal;
return output+1;
char * put_be16(char *output, uint16_t nVal )
output[1] = nVal & 0xff;
output[0] = nVal >> 8;
return output+2;
char * put_be24(char *output,uint32_t nVal )
output[2] = nVal & 0xff;
output[1] = nVal >> 8;
output[0] = nVal >> 16;
return output+3;
char * put_be32(char *output, uint32_t nVal )
output[3] = nVal & 0xff;
output[2] = nVal >> 8;
output[1] = nVal >> 16;
output[0] = nVal >> 24;
return output+4;
char * put_be64( char *output, uint64_t nVal )
output=put_be32( output, nVal >> 32 );
output=put_be32( output, nVal );
return output;
char * put_amf_string( char *c, const char *str )
uint16_t len = strlen( str );
c=put_be16( c, len );
memcpy(c,str,len);
return c+len;
char * put_amf_double( char *c, double d )
*c++ = AMF_NUMBER; /* type: Number */
{
unsigned char *ci, *co;
ci = (unsigned char *)&d;
co = (unsigned char *)c;
co[0] = ci[7];
co[1] = ci[6];
co[2] = ci[5];
co[3] = ci[4];
co[4] = ci[3];
co[5] = ci[2];
co[6] = ci[1];
co[7] = ci[0];
}
return c+8;
}
CRTMPStream::CRTMPStream(void):
m_pRtmp(NULL),
m_nFileBufSize(0),
m_nCurPos(0)
m_pFileBuf = new unsigned char[FILEBUFSIZE];
memset(m_pFileBuf,0,FILEBUFSIZE);
InitSockets();
m_pRtmp = RTMP_Alloc();
RTMP_Init(m_pRtmp);
CRTMPStream::~CRTMPStream(void)
Close();
delete[] m_pFileBuf;
bool CRTMPStream::Connect(const char* url)
if(RTMP_SetupURL(m_pRtmp, (char*)url)<0)
{
return FALSE;
}
RTMP_EnableWrite(m_pRtmp);
if(RTMP_Connect(m_pRtmp, NULL)<0)
if(RTMP_ConnectStream(m_pRtmp,0)<0)
return TRUE;
void CRTMPStream::Close()
if(m_pRtmp)
RTMP_Close(m_pRtmp);
RTMP_Free(m_pRtmp);
m_pRtmp = NULL;
int CRTMPStream::SendPacket(unsigned int nPacketType,unsigned char *data,unsigned int size,unsigned int nTimestamp)
if(m_pRtmp == NULL)
RTMPPacket packet;
RTMPPacket_Reset(&packet);
RTMPPacket_Alloc(&packet,size);
packet.m_packetType = nPacketType;
packet.m_nChannel = 0x04;
packet.m_headerType = RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_LARGE;
packet.m_nTimeStamp = nTimestamp;
packet.m_nInfoField2 = m_pRtmp->m_stream_id;
packet.m_nBodySize = size;
memcpy(packet.m_body,data,size);
int nRet = RTMP_SendPacket(m_pRtmp,&packet,0);
RTMPPacket_Free(&packet);
return nRet;
bool CRTMPStream::SendMetadata(LPRTMPMetadata lpMetaData)
if(lpMetaData == NULL)
return false;
char body[1024] = {0};;
char * p = (char *)body;
p = put_byte(p, AMF_STRING );
p = put_amf_string(p , "@setDataFrame" );
p = put_byte( p, AMF_STRING );
p = put_amf_string( p, "onMetaData" );
p = put_byte(p, AMF_OBJECT );
p = put_amf_string( p, "copyright" );
p = put_byte(p, AMF_STRING );
p = put_amf_string( p, "firehood" );
p =put_amf_string( p, "width");
p =put_amf_double( p, lpMetaData->nWidth);
p =put_amf_string( p, "height");
p =put_amf_double( p, lpMetaData->nHeight);
p =put_amf_string( p, "framerate" );
p =put_amf_double( p, lpMetaData->nFrameRate);
p =put_amf_string( p, "videocodecid" );
p =put_amf_double( p, FLV_CODECID_H264 );
p =put_amf_string( p, "" );
p =put_byte( p, AMF_OBJECT_END );
int index = p-body;
SendPacket(RTMP_PACKET_TYPE_INFO,(unsigned char*)body,p-body,0);
int i = 0;
body[i++] = 0x17; // 1:keyframe 7:AVC
body[i++] = 0x00; // AVC sequence header
body[i++] = 0x00;
body[i++] = 0x00; // fill in 0;
// AVCDecoderConfigurationRecord.
body[i++] = 0x01; // configurationVersion
body[i++] = lpMetaData->Sps[1]; // AVCProfileIndication
body[i++] = lpMetaData->Sps[2]; // profile_compatibility
body[i++] = lpMetaData->Sps[3]; // AVCLevelIndication
body[i++] = 0xff; // lengthSizeMinusOne
// sps nums
body[i++] = 0xE1; //&0x1f
// sps data length
body[i++] = lpMetaData->nSpsLen>>8;
body[i++] = lpMetaData->nSpsLen&0xff;
// sps data
memcpy(&body[i],lpMetaData->Sps,lpMetaData->nSpsLen);
i= i+lpMetaData->nSpsLen;
// pps nums
body[i++] = 0x01; //&0x1f
// pps data length
body[i++] = lpMetaData->nPpsLen>>8;
body[i++] = lpMetaData->nPpsLen&0xff;
memcpy(&body[i],lpMetaData->Pps,lpMetaData->nPpsLen);
i= i+lpMetaData->nPpsLen;
return SendPacket(RTMP_PACKET_TYPE_VIDEO,(unsigned char*)body,i,0);
bool CRTMPStream::SendH264Packet(unsigned char *data,unsigned int size,bool bIsKeyFrame,unsigned int nTimeStamp)
if(data == NULL && size<11)
unsigned char *body = new unsigned char[size+9];
if(bIsKeyFrame)
body[i++] = 0x17;// 1:Iframe 7:AVC
else
body[i++] = 0x27;// 2:Pframe 7:AVC
body[i++] = 0x01;// AVC NALU
// NALU size
body[i++] = size>>24;
body[i++] = size>>16;
body[i++] = size>>8;
body[i++] = size&0xff;;
// NALU data
memcpy(&body[i],data,size);
bool bRet = SendPacket(RTMP_PACKET_TYPE_VIDEO,body,i+size,nTimeStamp);
delete[] body;
return bRet;
bool CRTMPStream::SendH264File(const char *pFileName)
if(pFileName == NULL)
FILE *fp = fopen(pFileName, "rb");
if(!fp)
printf("ERROR:open file %s failed!",pFileName);
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
m_nFileBufSize = fread(m_pFileBuf, sizeof(unsigned char), FILEBUFSIZE, fp);
if(m_nFileBufSize >= FILEBUFSIZE)
printf("warning : File size is larger than BUFSIZE\n");
fclose(fp);
RTMPMetadata metaData;
memset(&metaData,0,sizeof(RTMPMetadata));
NaluUnit naluUnit;
// 讀取SPS幀
ReadOneNaluFromBuf(naluUnit);
metaData.nSpsLen = naluUnit.size;
memcpy(metaData.Sps,naluUnit.data,naluUnit.size);
// 讀取PPS幀
metaData.nPpsLen = naluUnit.size;
memcpy(metaData.Pps,naluUnit.data,naluUnit.size);
// 解碼SPS,擷取視訊圖像寬、高資訊
int width = 0,height = 0;
h264_decode_sps(metaData.Sps,metaData.nSpsLen,width,height);
metaData.nWidth = width;
metaData.nHeight = height;
metaData.nFrameRate = 25;
SendMetadata(&metaData);
unsigned int tick = 0;
while(ReadOneNaluFromBuf(naluUnit))
bool bKeyframe = (naluUnit.type == 0x05) ? TRUE : FALSE;
// 發送H264資料幀
SendH264Packet(naluUnit.data,naluUnit.size,bKeyframe,tick);
msleep(40);
tick +=40;
bool CRTMPStream::ReadOneNaluFromBuf(NaluUnit &nalu)
int i = m_nCurPos;
while(i<m_nFileBufSize)
if(m_pFileBuf[i++] == 0x00 &&
m_pFileBuf[i++] == 0x00 &&
m_pFileBuf[i++] == 0x01
)
{
int pos = i;
while (pos<m_nFileBufSize)
{
if(m_pFileBuf[pos++] == 0x00 &&
m_pFileBuf[pos++] == 0x00 &&
m_pFileBuf[pos++] == 0x01
)
{
break;
}
}
if(pos == nBufferSize)
nalu.size = pos-i;
else
nalu.size = (pos-4)-i;
nalu.type = m_pFileBuf[i]&0x1f;
nalu.data = &m_pFileBuf[i];
m_nCurPos = pos-4;
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
附上SpsDecode.h檔案：
#include <math.h>
UINT Ue(BYTE *pBuff, UINT nLen, UINT &nStartBit)
//計算0bit的個數
UINT nZeroNum = 0;
while (nStartBit < nLen * 8)
if (pBuff[nStartBit / 8] & (0x80 >> (nStartBit % 8))) //&:按位與，%取餘
break;
nZeroNum++;
nStartBit++;
nStartBit ++;
//計算結果
DWORD dwRet = 0;
for (UINT i=0; i<nZeroNum; i++)
dwRet <<= 1;
if (pBuff[nStartBit / 8] & (0x80 >> (nStartBit % 8)))
dwRet += 1;
return (1 << nZeroNum) - 1 + dwRet;
int Se(BYTE *pBuff, UINT nLen, UINT &nStartBit)
int UeVal=Ue(pBuff,nLen,nStartBit);
double k=UeVal;
int nValue=ceil(k/2);//ceil函數：ceil函數的作用是求不小于給定實數的最小整數。ceil(2)=ceil(1.2)=cei(1.5)=2.00
if (UeVal % 2==0)
nValue=-nValue;
return nValue;
DWORD u(UINT BitCount,BYTE * buf,UINT &nStartBit)
for (UINT i=0; i<BitCount; i++)
if (buf[nStartBit / 8] & (0x80 >> (nStartBit % 8)))
return dwRet;
bool h264_decode_sps(BYTE * buf,unsigned int nLen,int &width,int &height)
UINT StartBit=0;
int forbidden_zero_bit=u(1,buf,StartBit);
int nal_ref_idc=u(2,buf,StartBit);
int nal_unit_type=u(5,buf,StartBit);
if(nal_unit_type==7)
int profile_idc=u(8,buf,StartBit);
int constraint_set0_flag=u(1,buf,StartBit);//(buf[1] & 0x80)>>7;
int constraint_set1_flag=u(1,buf,StartBit);//(buf[1] & 0x40)>>6;
int constraint_set2_flag=u(1,buf,StartBit);//(buf[1] & 0x20)>>5;
int constraint_set3_flag=u(1,buf,StartBit);//(buf[1] & 0x10)>>4;
int reserved_zero_4bits=u(4,buf,StartBit);
int level_idc=u(8,buf,StartBit);
int seq_parameter_set_id=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
if( profile_idc == 100 || profile_idc == 110 ||
profile_idc == 122 || profile_idc == 144 )
int chroma_format_idc=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
if( chroma_format_idc == 3 )
int residual_colour_transform_flag=u(1,buf,StartBit);
int bit_depth_luma_minus8=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
int bit_depth_chroma_minus8=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
int qpprime_y_zero_transform_bypass_flag=u(1,buf,StartBit);
int seq_scaling_matrix_present_flag=u(1,buf,StartBit);
int seq_scaling_list_present_flag[8];
if( seq_scaling_matrix_present_flag )
for( int i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) {
seq_scaling_list_present_flag[i]=u(1,buf,StartBit);
int log2_max_frame_num_minus4=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
int pic_order_cnt_type=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
if( pic_order_cnt_type == 0 )
int log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
else if( pic_order_cnt_type == 1 )
int delta_pic_order_always_zero_flag=u(1,buf,StartBit);
int offset_for_non_ref_pic=Se(buf,nLen,StartBit);
int offset_for_top_to_bottom_field=Se(buf,nLen,StartBit);
int num_ref_frames_in_pic_order_cnt_cycle=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
int *offset_for_ref_frame=new int[num_ref_frames_in_pic_order_cnt_cycle];
for( int i = 0; i < num_ref_frames_in_pic_order_cnt_cycle; i++ )
offset_for_ref_frame[i]=Se(buf,nLen,StartBit);
delete [] offset_for_ref_frame;
int num_ref_frames=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
int gaps_in_frame_num_value_allowed_flag=u(1,buf,StartBit);
int pic_width_in_mbs_minus1=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
int pic_height_in_map_units_minus1=Ue(buf,nLen,StartBit);
width=(pic_width_in_mbs_minus1+1)*16;
height=(pic_height_in_map_units_minus1+1)*16;
return true;
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