格式化、挂載、手動增加swap

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/filesystems  //檢視分區支援的檔案系統格式

ext4

ext3

ext2

nodev proc

nodev devpts

iso9660

vfat

hfs

hfsplus

[root@localhost ~]# mount //檢視分區的檔案系統是什麼（挂載之後才能看到）

/dev/sda3 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota

/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs

mke2fs

-t 表示你要格式化成什麼系統()

-b 指定塊大小

-m 預留白間給root

-i  多少位元組對應一個inode

mkfs.ext4=====mke2fs -t ext4

[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t xfs -b 2048 /dev/sdb1 //還不支援xfs系統

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Your mke2fs.conf file does not define the xfs filesystem type.

Aborting...

[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 /dev/sdb1 //格式化成ext4檔案系統 每塊2k

檔案系統标簽=

OS type: Linux

塊大小=2048 (log=1)

分塊大小=2048 (log=1)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

196608 inodes, 1572864 blocks

78643 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一個資料塊=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=270008320

96 block groups

16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group

2048 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104

Allocating group tables: 完成                            

正在寫入inode表: 完成                            

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 /dev/sdb1 //當系統存檔的是比較大的檔案、視訊、音樂可以使用大點8kb

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 //

mkfs.xfs: /dev/sdb1 appears to contain an existing filesystem (ext4).

mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1  //強制覆寫（前面已經格式化過了）

meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=196608 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=786432, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1  //檢視一個未挂載的分區檔案系統(UUID)

/dev/sdb1: UUID="ac545dff-22fb-4fd6-8f76-d238fc6c1b72" TYPE="xfs"

[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2046 -m 1 /dev/sdb1  ///===mkfs.ext4 -m 1

塊大小=1024 (log=0)

分塊大小=1024 (log=0)

196608 inodes, 3145728 blocks

31457 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user

[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -i 8192 -m 1 /dev/sdb1  //多少位元組對應一個inode

塊大小=4096 (log=2)

分塊大小=4096 (log=2)

393216 inodes, 786432 blocks  //2塊對應一個inode  1:2

7864 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user

沒有分區也可以直接格式化

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1

/dev/sdb1: UUID="46ff014e-bb84-4d45-8c1f-a578e41cdea7" TYPE="ext4"

[root@localhost ~]# mount UUID="46ff014e-bb84-4d45-8c1f-a578e41cdea7" /mnt

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/  //挂載

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

檔案系統        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂載點

/dev/sda3        11G  916M  9.8G    9% /

devtmpfs        260M     0  260M    0% /dev

tmpfs           265M     0  265M    0% /dev/shm

tmpfs           265M  4.4M  261M    2% /run

tmpfs           265M     0  265M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1       197M   75M  123M   38% /boot

/dev/sdb1       2.9G  9.0M  2.8G    1% /mnt

[root@localhost ~]# mount

/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)

/dev/sdb1 on /mnt type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)

[root@localhost mnt]# umount -l /dev/sdb1  //懶人解除安裝

Mount常用選項：不加選項預設defaults

Use  default  options: rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser,and async.    

Rw：可讀寫、

Suid：可設定uid權限、      

Dev：省略

Exec：可執行權限

Auto：自動挂載

Nouser：不允許普通使用者挂載

Async：不會實時同步

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab //設定之後開機自動挂載

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Sun Oct 15 14:36:08 2017

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#//第五列是否備份 0不備份 1備份   第六列設定自檢 0不檢測 1/2檢測1比2優先級高些，1檢測完在檢測2

UUID=c54d7936-0b37-40bc-980f-7a4469bbe822 /                       xfs     defaults        1 1

UUID=540025a9-8958-498f-98d6-35ac2a63b730 /boot                   xfs     defaults        1 2

UUID=ca3fdb3f-6a65-4a04-ba4f-7e4c35c724c3 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdb1                                 /mnt                    ext4    defaults        

[root@localhost ~]# man fstab

dd操作磁盤的指令 if指定從哪裡讀 /dev/zero造零器  of将這些零寫入到哪裡去 count執行多少次

[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/newdisk bs=1M count=100

記錄了100+0 的讀入

記錄了100+0 的寫出

104857600位元組(105 MB)已複制，5.9509 秒，17.6 MB/秒

[root@localhost ~]# du -sh /tmp/newdisk

100M/tmp/newdisk

[root@localhost ~]# mkswap -f /tmp/newdisk //格式化

正在設定交換空間版本 1，大小 = 102396 KiB

無标簽，UUID=01555cf3-52eb-4aaf-afb4-5b5a0b88fcd9

[root@localhost ~]# free -m

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:           529        306        223          4          0        173

-/+ buffers/cache:        131        397

Swap:         1199          0       1199

[root@localhost ~]# swapon /tmp/newdisk //挂載

Swap:         1299          0       1299

[root@localhost ~]# chmod 0600 /tmp/newdisk

[root@localhost ~]# swapoff /tmp/newdisk  //解除安裝

本文轉自 蝦米的春天 51CTO部落格，原文連結：http://blog.51cto.com/lsxme/1978645，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者