如何在spring中配置定時任務(job)

一、在web.xml檔案中進行如下配置：

  <context-param>

        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

        <param-value>

         /WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext-*.xml

        </param-value>

 </context-param>

那麼需要在工程下建立一個以applicationContext- 為開頭的xml檔案eg:applicationContext-jobconfig.xml

xml的頭和結尾部分跟其他spring配置檔案相似，就不贅述，正文如下：

 <bean id="youJobName(類别名)" class="com.******.YourJobClassLocation(類的定位)" />

 <bean id="doYourJob(别名)" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">

     <property name="targetObject">

      <ref bean="youJobName(類别名)""/>

     </property>

     <property name="targetMethod">

      <value>runMethodName(定時執行的方法名)</value>

 </bean>

 <bean id="youJobNameTrigger(觸發器别名)" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">

   <property name="jobDetail">

     <ref bean="doYourJob(别名)""/>

   </property>

   <property name="cronExpression">

    <value>0 0/20 * * * ?(定時的時間配置)</value>

 <bean id="doScheduler" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">

   <property name="triggers">

     <list>

      <ref local="youJobNameTrigger(觸發器别名)"/>  

     </list>

這樣的配置幾本就可以運轉了，但是有一個地方可能是你需要根據你的需求來确定的，那就是觸發時間。

下面有一些關于時間配置的說明：

 <value>0   0/20   *   *   *   ?</value>

按順序 <value> 秒 分   小時   日期 月份 星期 年 </value>

字段順序

允許值

允許的特殊字元

<code>秒</code>

<code>0-59</code>

<code>, - * /</code>

<code>分</code>

<code>小時</code>

<code>0-23</code>

<code>日期</code>

<code>1-31</code>

<code>, - * ? / L W C</code>

<code>月份</code>

<code>1-12 或者 JAN-DEC</code>

<code>星期</code>

<code>1-7 或者 SUN-SAT</code>

<code>, - * ? / L C #</code>

<code>年（可選）</code>

<code>留白, 1970-2099</code>

The '*' character is used to specify all values. For example, "*" in the minute field means "every minute".

“*”字元被用來指定所有的值。如：”*“在分鐘的字段域裡表示“每分鐘”。

The '?' character is allowed for the day-of-month and day-of-week fields. It is used to specify 'no specific value'. This is useful when you need to specify something in one of the two fileds, but not the other. See the examples below for clarification.

“?”字元隻在日期域和星期域中使用。它被用來指定“非明确的值”。當你需要通過在這兩個域中的一個來指定一些東西的時候，它是有用的。看下面的例子你就會明白。

月份中的日期和星期中的日期這兩個元素時互斥的一起應該通過設定一個問号(?)來表明不想設定那個字段

The '-' character is used to specify ranges For example "10-12" in the hour field means "the hours 10, 11 and 12".

“-”字元被用來指定一個範圍。如：“10-12”在小時域意味着“10點、11點、12點”。

The ',' character is used to specify additional values. For example "MON,WED,FRI" in the day-of-week field means "the days Monday, Wednesday, and Friday".

“,”字元被用來指定另外的值。如：“MON,WED,FRI”在星期域裡表示”星期一、星期三、星期五”.

The '/' character is used to specify increments. For example "0/15" in the seconds field means "the seconds 0, 15, 30, and 45". And "5/15" in the seconds field means "the seconds 5, 20, 35, and 50". Specifying '*' before the '/' is equivalent to specifying 0 is the value to start with. Essentially, for each field in the expression, there is a set of numbers that can be turned on or off. For seconds and minutes, the numbers range from 0 to 59. For hours 0 to 23, for days of the month 0 to 31, and for months 1 to 12. The "/" character simply helps you turn on every "nth" value in the given set. Thus "7/6" in the month field only turns on month "7", it does NOT mean every 6th month, please note that subtlety.

"/"字元用來指定漸增的值。例如0/15出現在秒字段的時候意味着“在第0，15，30和45秒”（的時候被觸發）。而5/15出現在秒字段的時候意味着“在第5，20，35和第50秒”（的時候被觸發）。"*/"和"0/"的指定是等價的。

注：當分子+分母的值大于該字段的最大值，如在秒鐘字段出現45/20的時候，表示在第45秒以後的每20會觸發一次，但是20秒以後又算做另外的時間段以内了，是以該字段的/20即失效，如改為45/10 則隻有 第45 和55秒會執行一次。

The 'L' character is allowed for the day-of-month and day-of-week fields. This character is short-hand for "last", but it has different meaning in each of the two fields. For example, the value "L" in the day-of-month field means "the last day of the month" - day 31 for January, day 28 for February on non-leap years. If used in the day-of-week field by itself, it simply means "7" or "SAT". But if used in the day-of-week field after another value, it means "the last xxx day of the month" - for example "6L" means "the last friday of the month". When using the 'L' option, it is important not to specify lists, or ranges of values, as you'll get confusing results.

L是‘last’的省略寫法可以表示day-of-month和day-of-week域，但在兩個字段中的意思不同，例如day-of-month域中表示一個月的最後一天，

如果在day-of-week域表示‘7’或者‘SAT’，如果在day-of-week域中前面加上數字，它表示一個月的最後幾天，例如‘6L’就表示一個月的最後一個

星期五，

The 'W' character is allowed for the day-of-month field. This character is used to specify the weekday (Monday-Friday) nearest the given day. As an example, if you were to specify "15W" as the value for the day-of-month field, the meaning is: "the nearest weekday to the 15th of the month". So if the 15th is a Saturday, the trigger will fire on Friday the 14th. If the 15th is a Sunday, the trigger will fire on Monday the 16th. If the 15th is a Tuesday, then it will fire on Tuesday the 15th. However if you specify "1W" as the value for day-of-month, and the 1st is a Saturday, the trigger will fire on Monday the 3rd, as it will not 'jump' over the boundary of a month's days. The 'W' character can only be specified when the day-of-month is a single day, not a range or list of days

.

The 'L' and 'W' characters can also be combined for the day-of-month expression to yield 'LW', which translates to "last weekday of the month".

The '#' character is allowed for the day-of-week field. This character is used to specify "the nth" XXX day of the month. For example, the value of "6#3" in the day-of-week field means the third Friday of the month (day 6 = Friday and "#3" = the 3rd one in the month). Other examples: "2#1" = the first Monday of the month and "4#5" = the fifth Wednesday of the month. Note that if you specify "#5" and there is not 5 of the given day-of-week in the month, then no firing will occur that month.

The 'C' character is allowed for the day-of-month and day-of-week fields. This character is short-hand for "calendar". This means values are calculated against the associated calendar, if any. If no calendar is associated, then it is equivalent to having an all-inclusive calendar. A value of "5C" in the day-of-month field means "the first day included by the calendar on or after the 5th". A value of "1C" in the day-of-week field means "the first day included by the calendar on or after sunday".

關于cronExpression的介紹:

　

字段 允許值 允許的特殊字元

秒 0-59 , - * /

分 0-59 , - * /

小時 0-23 , - * /

日期 1-31 , - * ? / L W C

月份 1-12 或者 JAN-DEC , - * /

星期 1-7 或者 SUN-SAT , - * ? / L C #

年（可選） 留白, 1970-2099 , - * /

表達式意義

"0 0 12 * * ?" 每天中午12點觸發

"0 15 10 ? * *" 每天上午10:15觸發

"0 15 10 * * ?" 每天上午10:15觸發

"0 15 10 * * ? *" 每天上午10:15觸發

"0 15 10 * * ? 2005" 2005年的每天上午10:15觸發

"0 * 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2點到下午2:59期間的每1分鐘觸發

"0 0/5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2點到下午2:55期間的每5分鐘觸發

"0 0/5 14,18 * * ?" 在每天下午2點到2:55期間和下午6點到6:55期間的每5分鐘觸發

"0 0-5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2點到下午2:05期間的每1分鐘觸發

"0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED" 每年三月的星期三的下午2:10和2:44觸發

"0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI" 周一至周五的上午10:15觸發

"0 15 10 15 * ?" 每月15日上午10:15觸發

"0 15 10 L * ?" 每月最後一日的上午10:15觸發

"0 15 10 ? * 6L" 每月的最後一個星期五上午10:15觸發

"0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005" 2002年至2005年的每月的最後一個星期五上午10:15觸發

"0 15 10 ? * 6#3" 每月的第三個星期五上午10:15觸發

每天早上6點

0 6 * * *

每兩個小時

0 */2 * * *

晚上11點到早上7點之間每兩個小時，早上八點

0 23-7/2，8 * * *

每個月的4号和每個禮拜的禮拜一到禮拜三的早上11點

0 11 4 * 1-3

1月1日早上4點

0 4 1 1 *

quartz的進階特性不僅如此

1 資料庫存儲

2 叢集支援

3 資料庫持久化任務，trigger

4 trigger 的停止，運作

5 任務的任意添加

6 比corntrigger 更詳盡的任務安排

7 線程的内部資料交換