Struts2+Hibernate整合應用開發步驟

下面就簡單學習下Struts2+Hibernate的整合。

其實就七個步驟：

第一步：添加所需的jar包。

第二步：建立實體類以及對應的映射檔案。

第三步：配置hibernate.cfg.xml配置檔案。

第四步：配置struts.xml配置檔案。

第五步：建立相應的action。

第六步：在web.xml中配置啟動Struts2架構的過濾器。

第七步：編寫JSP顯示頁面。

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

具體細節及代碼如下（代碼僅供參考）：

第一步：jar包的添加這裡不多說。

第二步：

實體類Message.java

[java]

view plain copy print ?

/**
* ClassName: Message.java
* Created on 2011
* Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
* site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
* email: [email protected]
*/
package com.yjd.nb.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
* 留言實體類
*
* @author yjd
public class Message implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6617253915349620625L;
private Integer id; // OID
private String nickname; // 昵稱
private boolean gender; // 性别
private String header_img; // 頭像
private String qq; // qq
private String email; // 郵箱号
private String content; // 留言内容
private String ip; // 釋出者的IP位址
private Date pubTime; // 留言時間
private String reply;// 管理者回複内容
private Date replyTime; // 回複時間
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
public String getNickname() {
return nickname;
public void setNickname(String nickname) {
this.nickname = nickname;
public boolean isGender() {
return gender;
public void setGender(boolean gender) {
this.gender = gender;
public String getHeader_img() {
return header_img;
public void setHeader_img(String headerImg) {
header_img = headerImg;
public String getQq() {
return qq;
public void setQq(String qq) {
this.qq = qq;
public String getEmail() {
return email;
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
public String getContent() {
return content;
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
public String getIp() {
return ip;
public void setIp(String ip) {
this.ip = ip;
public Date getPubTime() {
return pubTime;
public void setPubTime(Date pubTime) {
this.pubTime = pubTime;
public String getReply() {
return reply;
public void setReply(String reply) {
this.reply = reply;
public Date getReplyTime() {
return replyTime;
public void setReplyTime(Date replyTime) {
this.replyTime = replyTime;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Message [content=" + content + ", email=" + email + ", gender="
+ gender + ", header_img=" + header_img + ", id=" + id
+ ", ip=" + ip + ", nickname=" + nickname + ", pubTime="
+ pubTime + ", qq=" + qq + "]";
}

/**
 *  ClassName: Message.java
 *  Created on 2011
 *  Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
 *  site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
 *  email: [email protected]
 */
package com.yjd.nb.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 留言實體類
 * 
 * @author yjd
 */
public class Message implements Serializable {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 6617253915349620625L;
	private Integer id; // OID
	private String nickname; // 昵稱
	private boolean gender; // 性别
	private String header_img; // 頭像
	private String qq; // qq
	private String email; // 郵箱号
	private String content; // 留言内容
	private String ip; // 釋出者的IP位址
	private Date pubTime; // 留言時間
	private String reply;// 管理者回複内容
	private Date replyTime; // 回複時間

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getNickname() {
		return nickname;
	}

	public void setNickname(String nickname) {
		this.nickname = nickname;
	}

	public boolean isGender() {
		return gender;
	}

	public void setGender(boolean gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}

	public String getHeader_img() {
		return header_img;
	}

	public void setHeader_img(String headerImg) {
		header_img = headerImg;
	}

	public String getQq() {
		return qq;
	}

	public void setQq(String qq) {
		this.qq = qq;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}

	public void setContent(String content) {
		this.content = content;
	}

	public String getIp() {
		return ip;
	}

	public void setIp(String ip) {
		this.ip = ip;
	}

	public Date getPubTime() {
		return pubTime;
	}

	public void setPubTime(Date pubTime) {
		this.pubTime = pubTime;
	}

	public String getReply() {
		return reply;
	}

	public void setReply(String reply) {
		this.reply = reply;
	}

	public Date getReplyTime() {
		return replyTime;
	}

	public void setReplyTime(Date replyTime) {
		this.replyTime = replyTime;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Message [content=" + content + ", email=" + email + ", gender="
				+ gender + ", header_img=" + header_img + ", id=" + id
				+ ", ip=" + ip + ", nickname=" + nickname + ", pubTime="
				+ pubTime + ", qq=" + qq + "]";
	}

}

實體類映射檔案Message.hbm.xml.

[html]

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.yjd.nb.domain.Message" table="msg">
<id name="id" column="id">
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="nickname" />
<property name="gender" />
<property name="header_img" />
<property name="qq" />
<property name="email" />
<property name="ip" />
<property name="content" />
<property name="pubTime" column="pub_time" />
<property name="reply" />
<property name="replyTime" column="reply_time" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.yjd.nb.domain.Message" table="msg">
		<id name="id" column="id">
			<generator class="native" />
		</id>

		<property name="nickname" />
		<property name="gender" />
		<property name="header_img" />
		<property name="qq" />
		<property name="email" />
		<property name="ip" />
		<property name="content" />
		<property name="pubTime" column="pub_time" />
		<property name="reply" />
		<property name="replyTime" column="reply_time" />
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

第三步：Hibernate配置檔案hibernate.cfg.xml.

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">
jdbc:mysql:///s2h-model
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
<property name="connection.provider_class">
org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">30</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">1800</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">50</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/yjd/nb/domain/Message.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
	<!-- 資料庫的連接配接參數配置 -->
	<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">
		com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	</property>
	<property name="hibernate.connection.url">
		jdbc:mysql:///s2h-model
	</property>
	<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
	<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>

	<!-- 資料庫方言 -->
	<property name="hibernate.dialect">
		org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
	</property>

	<!-- c3p0連接配接池的配置 -->
	<property name="connection.provider_class">
		org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider
	</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">30</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">1800</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">50</property>

	<!-- 其它配置 -->
	<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
	<property name="show_sql">true</property>
	<!-- <property name="format_sql">true</property> -->

	<!-- 注冊映射檔案 -->
	<mapping resource="com/yjd/nb/domain/Message.hbm.xml" />

</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

第四步：Struts2配置檔案struts.xml.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
<!--
在struts.xml檔案中可以使用<constant>标記來對default.properties中的常量屬性做覆寫性配置，最常更改的幾個常量屬性是：
1.struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8：請求消息的編碼方式
2.struts.action.extension=action：指定被struts2處理的請求字尾類型。多個用逗号隔開。如：action,do,go
3.struts.configuration.xml.reload=false：當struts.xml改動後，是否重新加載。預設值為false(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好打開
4.struts.devMode=false：是否使用struts的開發模式。開發模式會有更多的調試資訊。預設值為false(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好打開
5.struts.serve.static.browserCache=true：設定浏覽器是否緩存靜态内容。預設值為true(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好關閉。
6.struts.objectFactory=spring：指定由spring負責action對象的建立
7.struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames=false：啟用Action的name是否支援斜線(/)
8.struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation=false：啟用動态方法調用
9.struts.ui.theme=simple：UI主題類型
-->
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,htm" />
<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false" />
package常用的屬性：
1.name：包名，作為被其它包引用的辨別。必須的。實際應用中，應該把一組業務功能相關的Action放在同一個包下。
2.extends：指定要擴充的包名。一般會繼承自struts-default包。struts-default包是struts2内置的，它定義了struts2内部的衆多攔截器和Result類型。
3.namespace：指定名稱空間。Struts2中Action的請求URI映射由namespace和action名稱兩部分組成。如果不指定該屬性，預設的命名空間為""（空字元串）。
4.abstract：聲明包為抽象的。抽象包中不能配置action。
<package name="front" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="index" class="com.yjd.nb.web.action.IndexAction">
<result>/main.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
<package name="front.msgOpt" namespace="/msg" extends="struts-default">
<action name="add" class="com.yjd.nb.web.action.MsgAction"
method="add">
<result name="list" type="redirect">/index.action</result>
</struts>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
	<!--
		在struts.xml檔案中可以使用<constant>标記來對default.properties中的常量屬性做覆寫性配置，最常更改的幾個常量屬性是：
		1.struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8：請求消息的編碼方式
		2.struts.action.extension=action：指定被struts2處理的請求字尾類型。多個用逗号隔開。如：action,do,go
		3.struts.configuration.xml.reload=false：當struts.xml改動後，是否重新加載。預設值為false(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好打開
		4.struts.devMode=false：是否使用struts的開發模式。開發模式會有更多的調試資訊。預設值為false(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好打開
		5.struts.serve.static.browserCache=true：設定浏覽器是否緩存靜态内容。預設值為true(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好關閉。
		6.struts.objectFactory=spring：指定由spring負責action對象的建立
		7.struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames=false：啟用Action的name是否支援斜線(/)
		8.struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation=false：啟用動态方法調用
		9.struts.ui.theme=simple：UI主題類型
	-->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,htm" />
	<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" />
	<constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" />
	<constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false" />

	<!-- Struts2以package形式管理Action的配置 -->
	<!--
		package常用的屬性：
		1.name：包名，作為被其它包引用的辨別。必須的。實際應用中，應該把一組業務功能相關的Action放在同一個包下。
		2.extends：指定要擴充的包名。一般會繼承自struts-default包。struts-default包是struts2内置的，它定義了struts2内部的衆多攔截器和Result類型。
		3.namespace：指定名稱空間。Struts2中Action的請求URI映射由namespace和action名稱兩部分組成。如果不指定該屬性，預設的命名空間為""（空字元串）。
		4.abstract：聲明包為抽象的。抽象包中不能配置action。
	-->
	<package name="front" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
		<action name="index" class="com.yjd.nb.web.action.IndexAction">
			<result>/main.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>
	<package name="front.msgOpt" namespace="/msg" extends="struts-default">
		<action name="add" class="com.yjd.nb.web.action.MsgAction"
			method="add">
			<result name="list" type="redirect">/index.action</result>
		</action>
	</package>
</struts>

第五步：建立action類。

跳轉到首頁的action:

* ClassName: IndexAction.java
package com.yjd.nb.web.action;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.yjd.domain.common.PageModel;
import com.yjd.nb.domain.Message;
import com.yjd.nb.service.MessageService;
* 首頁的請求處理類
public class IndexAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3634083788212536690L;
private MessageService messageService = new MessageService();
private int pageNo = 1;
private int pageSize = 10;
public String execute() {
PageModel<Message> pm = messageService.findByPage(pageNo, pageSize);
ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("pm", pm);
// ActionContext.getContext().put("pm", pm);
return SUCCESS;
public MessageService getMessageService() {
return messageService;
public void setMessageService(MessageService messageService) {
this.messageService = messageService;
public int getPageNo() {
return pageNo;
public void setPageNo(int pageNo) {
this.pageNo = pageNo;
public int getPageSize() {
return pageSize;
public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {
this.pageSize = pageSize;

/**
 *  ClassName: IndexAction.java
 *  Created on 2011
 *  Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
 *  site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
 *  email: [email protected]
 */
package com.yjd.nb.web.action;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.yjd.domain.common.PageModel;
import com.yjd.nb.domain.Message;
import com.yjd.nb.service.MessageService;

/**
 * 首頁的請求處理類
 * 
 * @author yjd
 */
public class IndexAction extends ActionSupport {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -3634083788212536690L;
	private MessageService messageService = new MessageService();
	private int pageNo = 1;
	private int pageSize = 10;

	public String execute() {
		PageModel<Message> pm = messageService.findByPage(pageNo, pageSize);

		ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("pm", pm);
		// ActionContext.getContext().put("pm", pm);
		return SUCCESS;
	}

	public MessageService getMessageService() {
		return messageService;
	}

	public void setMessageService(MessageService messageService) {
		this.messageService = messageService;
	}

	public int getPageNo() {
		return pageNo;
	}

	public void setPageNo(int pageNo) {
		this.pageNo = pageNo;
	}

	public int getPageSize() {
		return pageSize;
	}

	public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {
		this.pageSize = pageSize;
	}
}

實體操作action：

* ClassName: MsgAction.java
* 前台針對Msg操作的處理類
public class MsgAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5736885633645314440L;
private Message msg;
// 添加實體
public String add() {
msg.setIp(ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRemoteAddr());
msg.setPubTime(new Date());
messageService.add(msg);
return "list";
public Message getMsg() {
return msg;
public void setMsg(Message msg) {
this.msg = msg;

/**
 *  ClassName: MsgAction.java
 *  Created on 2011
 *  Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
 *  site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
 *  email: [email protected]
 */
package com.yjd.nb.web.action;

import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.yjd.nb.domain.Message;
import com.yjd.nb.service.MessageService;

/**
 * 前台針對Msg操作的處理類
 * 
 * @author yjd
 */
public class MsgAction extends ActionSupport {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -5736885633645314440L;
	private MessageService messageService = new MessageService();
	private Message msg;

	// 添加實體
	public String add() {
		msg.setIp(ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRemoteAddr());
		msg.setPubTime(new Date());

		messageService.add(msg);
		return "list";
	}

	public Message getMsg() {
		return msg;
	}

	public void setMsg(Message msg) {
		this.msg = msg;
	}

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
	
	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

首頁跳轉index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%--<jsp:forward page="index.action"/> --%>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=index.action" />

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%--<jsp:forward page="index.action"/> --%>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=index.action" />

首頁：main.jsp

<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt" %>
<%@taglib uri="http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd/tags" prefix="myTag" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><title>線上留言系統</title>
<meta http-equiv=content-type content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link href="images/style.css" type=text/css rel=stylesheet></link>
<style type="text/css">
body{font-size: 12px}
table{font-size: 12px}
a{font-size:12px}
.current{font-size:12px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form name=form1 action="msg/add.action" method=post>
<table class=tab cellspacing=1 align=center border=0>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class=title background=images/titlebg.jpg colspan=2
height=25><span>請簽寫留言</span> </td></tr>
<td align=right width="20%">您的稱呼： </td>
<td width="80%"><input id="username" maxlength=50 name="msg.nickname"/> </td></tr>
<td align=right width="20%">您的性别： </td>
<td width="80%"><input id=sex type=radio value="true" name="msg.gender">
男 <input type=radio checked value="false" name="msg.gender"> 女
</td></tr>
<td align=right>選擇頭像： </td>
<td><select id=image name="msg.header_img"> <option
value=1.gif selected>1.gif</option> <option
value=2.gif>2.gif</option> <option
value=3.gif>3.gif</option> <option
value=4.gif>4.gif</option> <option
value=5.gif>5.gif</option> <option
value=6.gif>6.gif</option> <option
value=7.gif>7.gif</option> <option
value=8.gif>8.gif</option> <option
value=9.gif>9.gif</option> <option
value=10.gif>10.gif</option> <option
value=11.gif>11.gif</option> <option
value=12.gif>12.gif</option> <option
value=13.gif>13.gif</option> <option
value=14.gif>14.gif</option> <option
value=15.gif>15.gif</option> <option
value=16.gif>16.gif</option> <option
value=17.gif>17.gif</option> <option
value=18.gif>18.gif</option> <option
value=19.gif>19.gif</option> <option
value=20.gif>20.gif</option></select> </td></tr>
<td align=right>您的qq： </td>
<td><input id=qq maxlength=50 name="msg.qq"> </td></tr>
<td align=right>您的郵箱： </td>
<td><input id=email maxlength=50 name="msg.email"> </td></tr>
<td align=right>留言内容： </td>
<td><textarea id=content name="msg.content" rows=5 cols=50></textarea>
<td align="center" colspan=2><input type=submit value=送出>
<input type=reset value=重置> </td></tr></tbody></table></form>
height=25><span>留言列表【<a href="login.jsp">管理登入</a>】 </span></td></tr>
<c:forEach items="${pm.data}" var="msg">
<td align="center" width="20%" rowspan=4>你好 : ${msg.nickname} ${msg.gender ? "帥哥" : "靓妹"} <br><br><img
src="images/${msg.header_img}"> </td></tr>
<td width="80%" height="100%">發表于: <fmt:formatDate value="${msg.pubTime}" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"/> <img
src="images/8_online.gif" border=0> <a href="mailto:${msg.email}"><img
src="images/email.gif" border=0></a> <img src="images/ip.gif"
border=0> 來自:${msg.ip}</td></tr>
<td>${msg.content}</td></tr>
<td><font color=#ff0000>管理者回複：</font> </td></tr>
</c:forEach>
</tbody></table>
<myTag:pager pageSize="${pm.pageSize}" pageNo="${pm.pageNo}" url="index.action" recordCount="${pm.recordCount}"/>
</body></html>

/**
 *  ClassName: Message.java
 *  Created on 2011
 *  Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
 *  site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
 *  email: [email protected]
 */
package com.yjd.nb.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 留言實體類
 * 
 * @author yjd
 */
public class Message implements Serializable {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 6617253915349620625L;
	private Integer id; // OID
	private String nickname; // 昵稱
	private boolean gender; // 性别
	private String header_img; // 頭像
	private String qq; // qq
	private String email; // 郵箱号
	private String content; // 留言内容
	private String ip; // 釋出者的IP位址
	private Date pubTime; // 留言時間
	private String reply;// 管理者回複内容
	private Date replyTime; // 回複時間

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getNickname() {
		return nickname;
	}

	public void setNickname(String nickname) {
		this.nickname = nickname;
	}

	public boolean isGender() {
		return gender;
	}

	public void setGender(boolean gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}

	public String getHeader_img() {
		return header_img;
	}

	public void setHeader_img(String headerImg) {
		header_img = headerImg;
	}

	public String getQq() {
		return qq;
	}

	public void setQq(String qq) {
		this.qq = qq;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}

	public void setContent(String content) {
		this.content = content;
	}

	public String getIp() {
		return ip;
	}

	public void setIp(String ip) {
		this.ip = ip;
	}

	public Date getPubTime() {
		return pubTime;
	}

	public void setPubTime(Date pubTime) {
		this.pubTime = pubTime;
	}

	public String getReply() {
		return reply;
	}

	public void setReply(String reply) {
		this.reply = reply;
	}

	public Date getReplyTime() {
		return replyTime;
	}

	public void setReplyTime(Date replyTime) {
		this.replyTime = replyTime;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Message [content=" + content + ", email=" + email + ", gender="
				+ gender + ", header_img=" + header_img + ", id=" + id
				+ ", ip=" + ip + ", nickname=" + nickname + ", pubTime="
				+ pubTime + ", qq=" + qq + "]";
	}

}

實體類映射檔案Message.hbm.xml.

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.yjd.nb.domain.Message" table="msg">
		<id name="id" column="id">
			<generator class="native" />
		</id>

		<property name="nickname" />
		<property name="gender" />
		<property name="header_img" />
		<property name="qq" />
		<property name="email" />
		<property name="ip" />
		<property name="content" />
		<property name="pubTime" column="pub_time" />
		<property name="reply" />
		<property name="replyTime" column="reply_time" />
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

第三步：Hibernate配置檔案hibernate.cfg.xml.

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
	<!-- 資料庫的連接配接參數配置 -->
	<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">
		com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	</property>
	<property name="hibernate.connection.url">
		jdbc:mysql:///s2h-model
	</property>
	<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
	<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>

	<!-- 資料庫方言 -->
	<property name="hibernate.dialect">
		org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
	</property>

	<!-- c3p0連接配接池的配置 -->
	<property name="connection.provider_class">
		org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider
	</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">30</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">1800</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">50</property>

	<!-- 其它配置 -->
	<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
	<property name="show_sql">true</property>
	<!-- <property name="format_sql">true</property> -->

	<!-- 注冊映射檔案 -->
	<mapping resource="com/yjd/nb/domain/Message.hbm.xml" />

</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
	<!--
		在struts.xml檔案中可以使用<constant>标記來對default.properties中的常量屬性做覆寫性配置，最常更改的幾個常量屬性是：
		1.struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8：請求消息的編碼方式
		2.struts.action.extension=action：指定被struts2處理的請求字尾類型。多個用逗号隔開。如：action,do,go
		3.struts.configuration.xml.reload=false：當struts.xml改動後，是否重新加載。預設值為false(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好打開
		4.struts.devMode=false：是否使用struts的開發模式。開發模式會有更多的調試資訊。預設值為false(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好打開
		5.struts.serve.static.browserCache=true：設定浏覽器是否緩存靜态内容。預設值為true(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好關閉。
		6.struts.objectFactory=spring：指定由spring負責action對象的建立
		7.struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames=false：啟用Action的name是否支援斜線(/)
		8.struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation=false：啟用動态方法調用
		9.struts.ui.theme=simple：UI主題類型
	-->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,htm" />
	<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" />
	<constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" />
	<constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false" />

	<!-- Struts2以package形式管理Action的配置 -->
	<!--
		package常用的屬性：
		1.name：包名，作為被其它包引用的辨別。必須的。實際應用中，應該把一組業務功能相關的Action放在同一個包下。
		2.extends：指定要擴充的包名。一般會繼承自struts-default包。struts-default包是struts2内置的，它定義了struts2内部的衆多攔截器和Result類型。
		3.namespace：指定名稱空間。Struts2中Action的請求URI映射由namespace和action名稱兩部分組成。如果不指定該屬性，預設的命名空間為""（空字元串）。
		4.abstract：聲明包為抽象的。抽象包中不能配置action。
	-->
	<package name="front" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
		<action name="index" class="com.yjd.nb.web.action.IndexAction">
			<result>/main.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>
	<package name="front.msgOpt" namespace="/msg" extends="struts-default">
		<action name="add" class="com.yjd.nb.web.action.MsgAction"
			method="add">
			<result name="list" type="redirect">/index.action</result>
		</action>
	</package>
</struts>

第五步：建立action類。

/**
 *  ClassName: IndexAction.java
 *  Created on 2011
 *  Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
 *  site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
 *  email: [email protected]
 */
package com.yjd.nb.web.action;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.yjd.domain.common.PageModel;
import com.yjd.nb.domain.Message;
import com.yjd.nb.service.MessageService;

/**
 * 首頁的請求處理類
 * 
 * @author yjd
 */
public class IndexAction extends ActionSupport {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -3634083788212536690L;
	private MessageService messageService = new MessageService();
	private int pageNo = 1;
	private int pageSize = 10;

	public String execute() {
		PageModel<Message> pm = messageService.findByPage(pageNo, pageSize);

		ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("pm", pm);
		// ActionContext.getContext().put("pm", pm);
		return SUCCESS;
	}

	public MessageService getMessageService() {
		return messageService;
	}

	public void setMessageService(MessageService messageService) {
		this.messageService = messageService;
	}

	public int getPageNo() {
		return pageNo;
	}

	public void setPageNo(int pageNo) {
		this.pageNo = pageNo;
	}

	public int getPageSize() {
		return pageSize;
	}

	public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {
		this.pageSize = pageSize;
	}
}

實體操作action：

/**
 *  ClassName: MsgAction.java
 *  Created on 2011
 *  Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
 *  site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
 *  email: [email protected]
 */
package com.yjd.nb.web.action;

import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.yjd.nb.domain.Message;
import com.yjd.nb.service.MessageService;

/**
 * 前台針對Msg操作的處理類
 * 
 * @author yjd
 */
public class MsgAction extends ActionSupport {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -5736885633645314440L;
	private MessageService messageService = new MessageService();
	private Message msg;

	// 添加實體
	public String add() {
		msg.setIp(ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRemoteAddr());
		msg.setPubTime(new Date());

		messageService.add(msg);
		return "list";
	}

	public Message getMsg() {
		return msg;
	}

	public void setMsg(Message msg) {
		this.msg = msg;
	}

}

第六步：在web.xml中配置啟動Struts2架構的過濾器。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
	
	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

第七步：編寫JSP顯示頁面。

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%--<jsp:forward page="index.action"/> --%>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=index.action" />

首頁：main.jsp

/**
 *  ClassName: Message.java
 *  Created on 2011
 *  Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
 *  site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
 *  email: [email protected]
 */
package com.yjd.nb.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 留言實體類
 * 
 * @author yjd
 */
public class Message implements Serializable {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 6617253915349620625L;
	private Integer id; // OID
	private String nickname; // 昵稱
	private boolean gender; // 性别
	private String header_img; // 頭像
	private String qq; // qq
	private String email; // 郵箱号
	private String content; // 留言内容
	private String ip; // 釋出者的IP位址
	private Date pubTime; // 留言時間
	private String reply;// 管理者回複内容
	private Date replyTime; // 回複時間

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getNickname() {
		return nickname;
	}

	public void setNickname(String nickname) {
		this.nickname = nickname;
	}

	public boolean isGender() {
		return gender;
	}

	public void setGender(boolean gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}

	public String getHeader_img() {
		return header_img;
	}

	public void setHeader_img(String headerImg) {
		header_img = headerImg;
	}

	public String getQq() {
		return qq;
	}

	public void setQq(String qq) {
		this.qq = qq;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}

	public void setContent(String content) {
		this.content = content;
	}

	public String getIp() {
		return ip;
	}

	public void setIp(String ip) {
		this.ip = ip;
	}

	public Date getPubTime() {
		return pubTime;
	}

	public void setPubTime(Date pubTime) {
		this.pubTime = pubTime;
	}

	public String getReply() {
		return reply;
	}

	public void setReply(String reply) {
		this.reply = reply;
	}

	public Date getReplyTime() {
		return replyTime;
	}

	public void setReplyTime(Date replyTime) {
		this.replyTime = replyTime;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Message [content=" + content + ", email=" + email + ", gender="
				+ gender + ", header_img=" + header_img + ", id=" + id
				+ ", ip=" + ip + ", nickname=" + nickname + ", pubTime="
				+ pubTime + ", qq=" + qq + "]";
	}

}

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.yjd.nb.domain.Message" table="msg">
		<id name="id" column="id">
			<generator class="native" />
		</id>

		<property name="nickname" />
		<property name="gender" />
		<property name="header_img" />
		<property name="qq" />
		<property name="email" />
		<property name="ip" />
		<property name="content" />
		<property name="pubTime" column="pub_time" />
		<property name="reply" />
		<property name="replyTime" column="reply_time" />
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
	<!-- 資料庫的連接配接參數配置 -->
	<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">
		com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	</property>
	<property name="hibernate.connection.url">
		jdbc:mysql:///s2h-model
	</property>
	<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
	<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>

	<!-- 資料庫方言 -->
	<property name="hibernate.dialect">
		org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
	</property>

	<!-- c3p0連接配接池的配置 -->
	<property name="connection.provider_class">
		org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider
	</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">30</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">1800</property>
	<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">50</property>

	<!-- 其它配置 -->
	<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
	<property name="show_sql">true</property>
	<!-- <property name="format_sql">true</property> -->

	<!-- 注冊映射檔案 -->
	<mapping resource="com/yjd/nb/domain/Message.hbm.xml" />

</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd">
<struts>
	<!--
		在struts.xml檔案中可以使用<constant>标記來對default.properties中的常量屬性做覆寫性配置，最常更改的幾個常量屬性是：
		1.struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8：請求消息的編碼方式
		2.struts.action.extension=action：指定被struts2處理的請求字尾類型。多個用逗号隔開。如：action,do,go
		3.struts.configuration.xml.reload=false：當struts.xml改動後，是否重新加載。預設值為false(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好打開
		4.struts.devMode=false：是否使用struts的開發模式。開發模式會有更多的調試資訊。預設值為false(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好打開
		5.struts.serve.static.browserCache=true：設定浏覽器是否緩存靜态内容。預設值為true(生産環境下使用),開發階段最好關閉。
		6.struts.objectFactory=spring：指定由spring負責action對象的建立
		7.struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames=false：啟用Action的name是否支援斜線(/)
		8.struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation=false：啟用動态方法調用
		9.struts.ui.theme=simple：UI主題類型
	-->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,htm" />
	<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" />
	<constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" />
	<constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false" />

	<!-- Struts2以package形式管理Action的配置 -->
	<!--
		package常用的屬性：
		1.name：包名，作為被其它包引用的辨別。必須的。實際應用中，應該把一組業務功能相關的Action放在同一個包下。
		2.extends：指定要擴充的包名。一般會繼承自struts-default包。struts-default包是struts2内置的，它定義了struts2内部的衆多攔截器和Result類型。
		3.namespace：指定名稱空間。Struts2中Action的請求URI映射由namespace和action名稱兩部分組成。如果不指定該屬性，預設的命名空間為""（空字元串）。
		4.abstract：聲明包為抽象的。抽象包中不能配置action。
	-->
	<package name="front" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
		<action name="index" class="com.yjd.nb.web.action.IndexAction">
			<result>/main.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>
	<package name="front.msgOpt" namespace="/msg" extends="struts-default">
		<action name="add" class="com.yjd.nb.web.action.MsgAction"
			method="add">
			<result name="list" type="redirect">/index.action</result>
		</action>
	</package>
</struts>

/**
 *  ClassName: IndexAction.java
 *  Created on 2011
 *  Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
 *  site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
 *  email: [email protected]
 */
package com.yjd.nb.web.action;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.yjd.domain.common.PageModel;
import com.yjd.nb.domain.Message;
import com.yjd.nb.service.MessageService;

/**
 * 首頁的請求處理類
 * 
 * @author yjd
 */
public class IndexAction extends ActionSupport {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -3634083788212536690L;
	private MessageService messageService = new MessageService();
	private int pageNo = 1;
	private int pageSize = 10;

	public String execute() {
		PageModel<Message> pm = messageService.findByPage(pageNo, pageSize);

		ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("pm", pm);
		// ActionContext.getContext().put("pm", pm);
		return SUCCESS;
	}

	public MessageService getMessageService() {
		return messageService;
	}

	public void setMessageService(MessageService messageService) {
		this.messageService = messageService;
	}

	public int getPageNo() {
		return pageNo;
	}

	public void setPageNo(int pageNo) {
		this.pageNo = pageNo;
	}

	public int getPageSize() {
		return pageSize;
	}

	public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {
		this.pageSize = pageSize;
	}
}

/**
 *  ClassName: MsgAction.java
 *  Created on 2011
 *  Copyrights 2011 hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd All rights reserved.
 *  site: http://hi.csdn.net/tjcyjd
 *  email: [email protected]
 */
package com.yjd.nb.web.action;

import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.yjd.nb.domain.Message;
import com.yjd.nb.service.MessageService;

/**
 * 前台針對Msg操作的處理類
 * 
 * @author yjd
 */
public class MsgAction extends ActionSupport {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -5736885633645314440L;
	private MessageService messageService = new MessageService();
	private Message msg;

	// 添加實體
	public String add() {
		msg.setIp(ServletActionContext.getRequest().getRemoteAddr());
		msg.setPubTime(new Date());

		messageService.add(msg);
		return "list";
	}

	public Message getMsg() {
		return msg;
	}

	public void setMsg(Message msg) {
		this.msg = msg;
	}

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
	
	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%--<jsp:forward page="index.action"/> --%>
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=index.action" />

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