5. 關閉系統及重新開機系統(詳見linux系統管理P342)
1) 掌握常用的可以關閉系統的指令:
shutdown -h now
halt
poweroff
init 0
2) 掌握常用的可以重新開機系統的指令:
shutdown -r now
reboot
init 6
Ctrl+Alt+Delete鍵
6. 掌握單使用者模式修改使用者的密碼
#進單使用者模式
按任意鍵----e---->選擇第二行 kernel ---->按e, 再按空格 >輸入1----再輸入b
#檢視運作級别
runlevel
1 $
#修改密碼
passwd root
#再重新啟動
7. 掌握救援模式
1、插入光驅ISO
2、開機快速按F2---設光驅啟動
3、重新開機伺服器
4、使用者CD光牒啟動系統,并選擇rescue installed system
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIyZuBnL1EDMygjM0QDOx0iM5ADNykzM2ETNxETM2EDMy0SN3ATN1ATMvwVMxYTMwIzLcVzNwUTNwEzLcd2bsJ2Lc12bj5ycn9Gbi52YuUTMwIzcldWYtl2Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.png)
5、啟動後會讓設定一些列相關設定:
語言設定:
鍵盤設定:
是否啟用網卡,可以啟用,我選不啟用:
一說說明,點continue:
提示将要将之前的系統挂載到/mnt/sysimage,點ok進行下一步:
已經将之前的系統挂 載到/mnt/sysimage,點ok:
選擇shell start shell,點ok即可進入到linux救援模式:
修改grub.conf,将之前的grub保護密碼删除或登出
重新開機系統使用單使用者模式重新設定root密碼:
再此仍然可以将密碼重新設定。
8. 課後作業(用時70分鐘)
1) 以root使用者登入系統
2) 修改grub配置檔案,預設以第1個作業系統啟動,将預設的讀秒修改為10秒
[root@study ~]# vi /etc/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda3
# initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=10
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
timeout=5 #系統進入系統的時間
hiddenmenu
password --encrypted $6$bwpMzA6qyot6Fem4$F1bD/iZa2rHHQKnnicET4kTKvYbSYZLBdu4gG1N6oHJtLPgxbJsACtPR3wqetr.4zBDRfPKESWGFgv8sNsf5i1
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
@
"/etc/grub.conf" 18L, 930C written
3) 設定grub菜單密文密碼“123”
[root@study ~]# grub-md5-crypt
Password:
Retype password:
$1$D/gW2/$aFrbVkK8itwGxpg3UEqwg1
password --$1$D/gW2/$aFrbVkK8itwGxpg3UEqwg1 #設定密碼
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=db12d77f-2b16-4a49-b848-3200e873fecd rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.img
4) 修改系統的預設運作級别為3
[root@study ~]# vi /etc/inittab
# inittab is only used by upstart for the default runlevel.
# ADDING OTHER CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
# System initialization is started by /etc/init/rcS.conf
# Individual runlevels are started by /etc/init/rc.conf
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf
# Terminal gettys are handled by /etc/init/tty.conf and /etc/init/serial.conf,
# with configuration in /etc/sysconfig/init.
# For information on how to write upstart event handlers, or how
# upstart works, see init(5), init(8), and initctl(8).
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:
# 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
# 1 - Single user mode
# 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
# 3 - Full multiuser mode
# 4 - unused
# 5 - X11
# 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
id:3:initdefault: #紅色部分修改成:3
~
5) 使用與運作級别有關的指令重新開機系統
reboot or init 6
6) 使用單使用者模式修改使用者的密碼為“123”
7) 使用救援模式删除grub菜單密碼