一.OracleValidated Configurations 說明
Oracle 官網有一個對應的FAQ說明，連結如下：
FAQ - Oracle Validated Configurations
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/validated-configurations-faq-090615.html
1.1 What are OracleValidated Configurations?
Oracle ValidatedConfigurations enable easier, faster, and lower-cost deployment of Linux andOracle VM solutions in the enterprise. The program offers pre-tested, validatedarchitectures, with documented best practices for software, hardware, storage,and network components, to help improve the performance, scalability, and reliability of solutions, with faster, lower-cost implementations. Anindustry-wide, partner-accepted and endorsed program that offers documentedbest practices for virtualized and Linux deployments, Oracle ValidatedConfigurations provide details on what to deploy, how to deploy andrecommendations on hardware and software combinations that have proven to bethe most effective.
Oracle ValidatedConfigurations緻力于為企業提供更簡易、更快捷、成本更低的基于Linux和Oracle VM的解決方案。該計劃向我們提供經過測試和驗證的體系架構，其附帶的文檔揭示了相關硬體、軟體、存儲、網絡原件的最佳配置實踐，以幫助系統提升性能和可收縮性并降低成本。
1.2 Whatare the benefits of Oracle Validated Configurations?
There is ahigher level of assurance that these configurations will run well as thesecomponent stacks have undergone a higher amount of stress testing. Theserecommendations also reduce testing and discovery efforts for end-users andenable them to deploy solutions more quickly. They help:
（1） Achieve standardization, scalability and reliability with lower cost
--實作标準化的、具有可擴充性、高可用的且成本低廉的解決方案
（2）Accelerate and simplify deploymentof Oracle on Linux
--加速并簡化在Linux上部署Oracle軟體
（3）Lower cost for end-users cost byeliminating need for expensive testing of the stack
--為最終使用者降低了測試系統所要花費的昂貴成本
（4）Mitigate customer risk
--降低了使用者的風險
1.3 Whatis the difference between Oracle Validated Configuration and Oracle ProductCertification?
Traditionally,Oracle certifies its products to an operating system, which allows Oracleproducts running on any Linux supported hardware platform to be fully supportedby Oracle. Oracle Validated Configurations go a step further by testing the"complete component stack" and providing recommendations on versions,settings, and fixes for a stack (software, hardware, and storage) based onexperience with running workloads in the Oracle and Partner Linux Test Lab.
傳統的Oracle Product Certification在認證某個作業系統平台後，可以确認Oracle的相關産品完全支援該系統平台。而Oracle Validated Configurations則通過測試驗證更進一步提供了完整的元件組合資訊，這些資訊包括針對軟硬體、存儲的版本、設定、更新檔的推薦值，而這些推薦值來源于Oracle及其合作夥伴的Linux測試實驗室中高壓測試的經驗。
1.4 Do Ihave to pay to get access to Oracle Validated Configurations?
No. This issimply best practices documentation based on extensive stack testing. You donot need to pay to get access to this information.
1.5 Whois Oracle partnering with to deliver these Validated Configurations?
Oracle is partnering with the leadingvendors in each category as outlined below:
（1）Server and Storage: Cisco,Compellent, Dell, Egenera, EMC, Fujitsu, HDS, HP, IBM, Inspur, Huawei, LiquidComputing, NEC, NetApp, Pillar Data, Sun, Unisys
（2）Platform Technology : AMD, Intel
（3）Operating Systems: Oracle Linux,Oracle VM
（4）HBA Drivers: Emulex, QLogic
（5）Networking: Brocade, Cisco Systems
The initialconfigurations will be delivered on some of these partner components.Eventually, we will deliver configurations including all the above partnertechnologies.
1.6 Why has Oracle chosen Linux x86-64 as the architecturefor the initial configurations?
Oracle is seeingsignificant end-user demand for Linux x86-64 architectures and is fullycommitted to developing, advancing and promoting the 64-bit commodity Linux.All new chipsets and servers are now being shipped with x86-64 architecture,thereby offering a much wider hardware selection to end-users than some of theother architectures. Therefore, Oracle has chosen to initially make OracleValidated Configurations available on Linux x86-64.
1.7 What versions of Oracle Database are included in Oracle ValidatedConfigurations?
Oracle ValidatedConfigurations always include the latest version of Oracle Database.
1.8 Whatversions of Linux distributions are included in Oracle ValidatedConfigurations?
The currentvalidated configurations are based on Oracle VM and Oracle Linux 5. Newvalidated configurations will be only based on Oracle Linux with theUnbreakable Enterprise Linux kernel.
--目前的validated configurations 是基于OracleVM 和 Oracle Linux 5的，新的validated configurations 僅基于UnbreakableEnterprise Linux kernel 的Oracle Linux。
1.9 Howare the hardware and operating system combinations chosen?
The Linuxdistribution choice for a particular Oracle Validated Configuration does notimply that only a specific hardware is suitable for only Oracle Linux or RHEL.
1.10 DoesOracle intend to limit its list of configurations to include only a fewoptions?
Oracle isoffering these configurations as recommendations and best practices. Along withour partners, we intend to publish a variety of configurations with differenthardware and software combinations, over time. Our intent is to offerwell-tested choices to our users and channel partners. This by no means impliesthat other custom configurations deployed by end-users will not be supported.We will still continue to offer support for all Oracle products certified onLinux regardless of whether someone deployed them using an Oracle ValidatedConfiguration or not.
1.11 Howdo I get support for Oracle Validated Configurations?
You will be ableto get support for Oracle Validated Configurations in exactly the same way asyou get support for any other Oracle and partner products today. You will need to buy the appropriate license and support for thevarious components of the stack if you choose to deploy Oracle ValidatedConfigurations. Oracle and its partners already have joint supportprocesses in place for the joint handling of any customer support issues thatmay come up for Oracle Validated Configurations. The delivery of a complete andintegrated support solution leads to faster problem resolution and reducedsupport costs, which are critical to our customers' success.
--如果要使用oracle validated configurations，需要先購買軟體。
1.12 I don't see the configuration I plan to run. How do I get my desiredconfiguration added?
The posted filespecifies not just one single server or storage, but a family of servers andstorage. If even that list doesn't include that particular server or storagemodel, you can work directly with that particular hardware vendor to submit therequest.
To find out moreabout Oracle's Validated Configurations offerings, visit the Oracle ValidatedConfigurations homepage onOTN.
1.13 Ifsystem level software and drivers on a posted Oracle Validated Configurationchange, is the configuration still valid and supported?
Yes, if any ofthe system level software (BIOS, firmware) or drivers (and associated firmwareon HBAs, NICS, and other peripherals) of components of the Oracle ValidatedConfiguration are revised higher than the minimum versions originallypublished, the configuration is still valid and is supported by Oracle and thepartners that assisted in the publication of the VC.
二.安裝ValidatedConfigurations 的先決條件
2.1 The Oracle Validated RPM Package forInstallation Prerequisites [ID 437743.1]
The Oracle RDBMSrequires for specific RPM packages to be installed on Oracle Linux (See thereferences section below and Oracle Database Documentation) . To get the required RPMsinstalled and system configured, one can use the Oracle Validated RPM. TheOracle Validated RPM has three main functions:
（1）During installation, via itsdependencies it will require the RPM packages required by the Oracle RDBMS(database install prerequisites)
（2）During installation, it willconfigure the OS (Oracle Linux) w.r.t. kernel parameters, user limits, etc.
（3）Provides/usr/bin/oracle-validated-verify to be ran afterwards if needed.
The Oracle Validated RPMis available from:
（1）The Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN)(See Document397038.1)
--隻有在ULN 下validated 才有用。支援ULN 的平台在2.2節說明。
（2）From the OSS website:
http://oss.oracle.com/el4/oracle-validated/
http://oss.oracle.com/el5/oracle-validated/
Use thefollowing procedure to subscribe to Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) channels,and to add the Oracle Software for Enterprise Linux channel that distributesthe Oracle Validated Configurations Setup RPM:
--以下步驟配置ULN：
1. Complete adefault Oracle Linux workstation installation, or a default Red Hat EnterpriseLinux installation.
2. Register yourserver with Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN). By default, you are registered for the Oracle LinuxLatest channel for your operating system and hardware.
這裡要注意，注冊的時候需要提供CSI号，Avalid Custom Support Identifier(CSI) is required to create a MetaLink account.A unique CSI number is usually issued for each Oracle product that is purchased。 也就是說隻有購買了Oracle 産品的使用者才能使用Validated configurations。
3. Log in to ULNat the following URL:
https://linux.oracle.com
4. Clickthe Systems tab, and in the System Profiles list, select a registered server.The System Details window opens, and displays the subscriptions for the server.
5. From theAvailable Channels list, select the "Enterprise Linux <Release>Update <Level> Patches (<Architecture>)" channelthat is appropriate for your installation of Linux (for example:"Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7 Patches (i386)"). The channel nameconvention applies to different releases and architectures e.g.:
el4_u7_i386_patch: Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7 Patches (i386)
el4_u8_ia64_patch: Enterprise Linux 4 Update 8 Patch (ia64)
el5_u2_x86_64_patch: Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2 Patch (x86_64)
el5_u4_i386_patch: Enterprise Linux 5 Update 4 Patch (i386)
6. Click Subscribe.
7. From a terminal session, as root, enterthe following command:
# up2date --nox--show-channels
You should seeoutput indicating that you have subscribed to the Oracle Software forEnterprise Linux channel. For example:
el4_i386_latest
el4_u7_i386_patch
8. Open aterminal session as root, and install the Oracle Validated Configurations SetupRPM with up2date, using the following command:
# up2date --install oracle-validated
--通過ULN 安裝 oracle-validated
9. If you arerunning a cluster, repeat steps 1 through 8 on all other servers in yourcluster.
Note: Check the Oracle ValidatedConfiguration RPM log file to review system configuration changes,
--Validated Configuration 的log檔案：
for releaseolder than 1.0.0.18
/etc/sysconfig/oracle-validated/results/orakernel.log
for releases 1.0.0.18 and up
/var/log/oracle-validated/results/orakernel.log
2.2 How to Switch fromRed Hat Network to Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) [ID 397038.1]
This document describes how to connect tothe Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) to obtain software updates. Itoutlines the steps needed to switch a server installed with Red Hat EnterpriseLinux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 4 or RedHat Enterprise Linux Server version 3, Update 8 or Update 9 from Red HatNetwork(RHN) to Unbreakable Linux Network(ULN).
（1）Regards howto switch the system from RHN to ULN, please see https://linux.oracle.com/switch.html forthe latest version of this document.
（2）Regards howto register a ULN account, please go to https://linux.oracle.com/register
支援ULN的平台：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Oracle's ULNregister program will allow you to switch to ULN if you are running RedHat Enterprise Linux 6 up to and including Update 1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Oracle's up2dateprogram will allow you to switch to ULN if you are running Red HatEnterprise Linux 5 up to and including Update 6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
Oracle's up2dateprogram will allow you to switch to ULN if you are running Red HatEnterprise Linux 4 up to and including Update 9
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3
Oracle's up2dateprogram will allow you to switch to ULN if you are running Red HatEnterprise Linux 3 Update 8 or later
三.安裝Validated Configuration
在第二節看到，可以使用ULN 來安裝validated configurations。 其實在Oracle Linux 5中自帶了Validated Configurations 的安裝包。我們在安裝作業系統的時候就可以把validated configurations 一起安裝了。
（1）Select Customize now, andclick Next.
（2）On the Customize selection page,select Base System on the list on the left side of the screen, andthen select System Tools on the right side of the screen. Then click OptionalPackages.
（3）The Packages in System Tools windowopens. Select the Oracle Validated RPM package box from the package list, andclick Next.
注意：OEL 6.x 還不支援oracle-validated package。
這個可以從Oracle的public yum 上可以看到對應版本的Oracle Linux 是否有對應的rpm 包：
http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL5/7/base/x86_64/
我們也可以配置yum後使用yum 來安裝Validated Configurations。
Linux 搭建 YUM 伺服器
javascript:void(0)
1.建立媒體裝載目錄/media/disk:
[root@rac1 /]#mkdir /media/disk
2.插入OEL DVDCD光牒
3.裝載目錄:
[root@rac1 media]# mount /dev/cdrom/media/disk
mount: block device /dev/sr0 iswrite-protected, mounting read-only
4. 建立yum 配置檔案：
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# pwd
/etc/yum.repos.d
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# vi dave.repo
[rhel-base]
name= TianleSoftware Oracle Linux 6.1
baseurl=file:///media/disk/Server/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
5. 使用YUM 安裝
yum install oracle-validated
四. Validated Configuration 使用
From：
http://renaps.wordpress.com/2007/10/04/oracle-validated-configuration-rpm-for-oel5/
使用之前必須先注冊到ULN，否則會報如下錯誤：
[root@oracletest ~]# up2dateoracle-validated
Fetching Obsoletes list for channel:el5_i386_latest…
Fetching rpm headers…
########################################
Name Version Rel
———————————————————
The following packages you requested werenot found:
oracle-validated
注冊以後就可以正常使用了：
[root@oracletest db_1]# up2date –nox–show-channels
el5_i386_oracle
el5_i386_latest
Here is my installation output:
[root@oracletest ~]# up2date oracle-validated
Fetching Obsoletes list for channel:el5_i386_oracle…
———————————————————-
oracle-validated 1.0.0 3.el5 i386
Testing package set / solving RPMinter-dependencies…
compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.r########################## Done.
compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.########################## Done.
compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4.i########################## Done.
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-6########################## Done.
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125########################## Done.
gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.2.i386.rpm########################## Done.
gcc-c++-4.1.1-52.el5.2.i386########################## Done.
glibc-devel-2.5-12.i386.rpm########################## Done.
glibc-headers-2.5-12.i386.r########################## Done.
libXp-1.0.0-8.i386.rpm:########################## Done.
libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i3########################## Done.
libstdc++-devel-4.1.1-52.el########################## Done.
oracle-validated-1.0.0-3.el########################## Done.
sysstat-7.0.0-3.el5.i386.rp ##########################Done.
unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rp########################## Done.
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i########################## Done.
cpp-4.1.1-52.el5.2.i386.rpm########################## Done.
elfutils-libelf-devel-stati ##########################Done.
libgcc-4.1.1-52.el5.2.i386.########################## Done.
libgomp-4.1.1-52.el5.2.i386########################## Done.
libstdc++-4.1.1-52.el5.2.i3########################## Done.
Preparing########################################### [100%]
Installing…
1:libgcc########################################### [100%]
2:libstdc++########################################### [100%]
3:libstdc++-devel########################################### [100%]
4:unixODBC ###########################################[100%]
5:glibc-headers########################################### [100%]
6:glibc-devel########################################### [100%]
7:compat-gcc-34########################################### [100%]
8:compat-gcc-34-c++ ###########################################[100%]
9:unixODBC-devel########################################### [100%]
10:compat-db########################################### [100%]
11:compat-libstdc++-33########################################### [100%]
12:libgomp########################################### [100%]
13:cpp########################################### [100%]
14:gcc########################################### [100%]
15:gcc-c++########################################### [100%]
16:sysstat ###########################################[100%]
17:libaio-devel########################################### [100%]
18:libXp########################################### [100%]
19:elfutils-libelf-devel########################################### [100%]
20:oracle-validated########################################### [100%]
21:elfutils-libelf-devel-s###########################################[100%]
The following packages were added to yourselection to satisfy dependencies:
Name Version Release
————————————————————–
compat-db 4.2.52 5.1
compat-gcc-34 3.4.6 4
compat-gcc-34-c++ 3.4.6 4
compat-libstdc++-33 3.2.3 61
elfutils-libelf-devel 0.125 3.el5
gcc 4.1.1 52.el5.2
gcc-c++ 4.1.1 52.el5.2
glibc-devel 2.5 12
glibc-headers 2.5 12
libXp 1.0.0 8
libaio-devel 0.3.106 3.2
libstdc++-devel 4.1.1 52.el5.2
sysstat 7.0.0 3.el5
unixODBC 2.2.11 7.1
unixODBC-devel 2.2.11 7.1
cpp 4.1.1 52.el5.2
elfutils-libelf-devel-static 0.125 3.el5
libgcc 4.1.1 52.el5.2
libgomp 4.1.1 52.el5.2
libstdc++ 4.1.1 52.el5.2
Oracle ValidatedConfigurations 不僅安裝需要的RPM 包，同時會建立安裝Oracle 需要的使用者群組，修改相關的配置參數檔案，如：/etc/security/limits.conf，/etc/sysctl.conf。
ValidatedConfigurations 改變的配置可以通過log 來檢視：
/etc/sysconfig/oracle-validated/results/orakernel.log
Creating oracle user passed
Verifying kernel parameters as per Oraclerecommendations…
fs.file-max 327679
kernel.msgmni 2878
kernel.msgmax 65536 8192
kernel.sem 250 32000 100 142
kernel.shmmni 4096
kernel.shmall 268435456 3279547
kernel.sysrq 0 1
net.core.rmem_default 262144
net.core.rmem_max 2097152
net.core.wmem_default 262144
net.core.wmem_max 262144
fs.aio-max-nr 3145728
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range 1024 65000
Setting kernel parameters as per oraclerecommendations…
Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf
Original file backed up at/etc/sysctl.conf.orabackup
Verifying & setting of kernelparameters passed
Verifying oracle user OSlimits as per Oracle recommendations…
oracle soft nofile 131072
oracle hard nofile 131072
oracle soft nproc 131072
oracle hard nproc 131072
oracle soft core unlimited
oracle hard core unlimited
oracle soft memlock 3500000
oracle hard memlock 3500000
Setting oracle user OSlimits as per Oracle recommendations…
Altered file /etc/security/limits.conf
Original file backed up at/etc/security/limits.conf.orabackup
Verifying & setting of user limitspassed
Verifying kernel boot parameters as perOracle recommendations…
Setting kernel boot parameters as perOracle recommendations…
Boot parameters will be effected on nextreboot
Altered file /boot/grub/grub.conf
Original file backed upat /boot/grub/grub.conf.orabackup
Verifying & setting of boot parameterspassed
Verifying module parameters as per Oraclerecommendations…
Setting module parameters as per Oraclerecommendations…
Altered file /etc/modprobe.conf
Original file backed upat /etc/modprobe.conf.orabackup
e1000 settings modified to includeFlowControl=1
insmod/lib/modules/2.6.18-8.el5/kernel/drivers/char/hangcheck-timer.kohangcheck_reboot=1
hangcheck-timer module settings modified toinclude hangcheck_reboot=1
Oct 2 12:01:35 oracletest ntpd[3529]: timereset -0.771217 s
Oct 2 12:05:38 oracletest ntpd[3529]:synchronized to LOCAL(0), stratum 10
注意：
（1）在修改參數之前,validated 都會先對檔案進行一個備份。
（2）Oracle Validated Configurations 比較靈巧和友善，但是在oracle-validated 1.0.0 下，以下檔案不會自動修改，是以在我們validated 之後，還需要手工的修改相關的配置。
/etc/pam.d/login
/etc/profile
以及Oracle 使用者的.bash_profile
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