1.1 cobbler簡介
1.1.1 cobbler內建的服務
PXE服務支援
DHCP服務管理
DNS服務管理(可選bind,dnsmasq)
電源管理
Kickstart服務支援
YUM倉庫管理
TFTP(PXE啟動時需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安裝源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
1.2 安裝cobbler
1.2.1 環境說明
[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[root@Cobbler ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
[root@Cobbler ~]# getenforceDisabled
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@Cobbler ~]# hostname -I
10.0.0.202 172.16.1.202
先配置好yum源：
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
1.2.2 使用yum安裝cobbler
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd
說明：cobbler是依賴與epel源下載下傳
1.2.3 cobbler文法檢查前先啟動http與cobbler
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl start cobblerd.service
cobbler check
1.2.4 進行文法檢查
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
1.2.5 解決當中的報錯
指令集合
########################################################################################################
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.63/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.63/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -ri "/default_password_crypted/s#(.*: ).*#\1\"`openssl passwd -1 -salt 'asasd' '123456'`\"#" /etc/cobbler/settings
systemctl start rsyncd
systemctl enable rsyncd
systemctl enable tftp.socket
systemctl start tftp.socket
systemctl restart cobblerd.service
sed -i.ori 's#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
cobbler sync
以上指令詳解
解決1、2
#/etc/cobbler/setting中的server配置需要修改，将127.0.0.1修改為cobbler伺服器ip
cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori}
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings
問題3
#讓xinetd管理thtp服務
sed 's#yes#no#g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp -i
4下載下傳包所需的軟體包
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders
[root@Cobbler ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
COPYING.elilo elilo-ia64.efi menu.c32 yaboot
COPYING.syslinux grub-x86_64.efi pxelinux.0
COPYING.yaboot grub-x86.efi README
5啟動rsync服務
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service
6 debian相關無需修改
7、修改安裝完成後的root密碼
openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'
random-phrase-here 随機字元串（不是使用者名）
your-password-here 密碼
示例
[root@Cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'sdfsdf' '123456'
$1$CLSN$LpJk4x1cplibx3q/O4O/K/
管理dhcp
防止重裝
修改dhcp模闆（切記不可連續執行）
cobbler組配置檔案位置
/etc/cobbler/settings
注意：修改完成之後要使用cobbler sync 進行同步，否則不生效。
1.2.6 修改之後
再次檢查文法：
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
重新開機所有服務
systemctl restart httpd.service
systemctl restart dhcpd.service
systemctl restart rsyncd.service
systemctl restart tftp.socket
到此cobbler就安裝完成，下面進行web界面的操作。
1.3 cobbler的web及界面操作
浏覽器通路https://10.0.0.63/cobbler_web
注意CentOS7中cobbler隻支援https通路。
賬号密碼預設均為cobbler
1.3.1 操作說明--導入鏡像
1）在虛拟機上添加上鏡像
2)挂載上鏡像
[root@Cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@Cobbler ~]# df -h |grep mnt
/dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt
3)進行導入鏡像
選擇Import DVD 輸入Prefix(檔案字首)，Arch（版本），Breed（品牌），Path(要從什麼地方導入)
鏡像路徑在導入鏡像的時候要注意路徑，防止循環導入。
資訊配置好後，點選run，即可進行導入。
導入過程使用rsync進行導入，三個程序消失表示導入完畢
[root@Cobbler mnt]# ps -ef |grep rsync
root 12026 1 0 19:04 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon --no-detach
root 13554 11778 12 19:51 ? 00:00:06 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress
root 13555 13554 0 19:51 ? 00:00:00 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress
root 13556 13555 33 19:51 ? 00:00:17 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress
root 13590 10759 0 19:52 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto rsync
檢視日志可以發現右running程序
日志位于 Events
導入完成後生成的檔案夾
[root@Cobbler ks_mirror]# pwd
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror
[root@Cobbler ks_mirror]# ls
CentOS7.4-x86_64 config
1.3.2 建立一台空白虛拟機，進行測試網路安裝
注意：虛拟機的記憶體不能小于2G,網卡的配置要保證網絡互通
啟動虛拟機
啟動虛拟機即可發現會有cobbler的選擇界面
選擇CentOS7.4即可進行安裝，安裝過程與CD光牒安裝一緻，這裡就不在複述。
1.4 定制化安裝作業系統
1.4.1 添加核心參數
1）檢視導入的鏡像，點選edit
2）在核心參數中添加net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
能夠讓顯示的網卡變為eth0 ，而不是CentOS7中的ens33
修改完成後點選儲存
1.4.2 檢視鏡像屬性
1.4.3 編寫ks檔案
另一種方法：
1)建立新的ks檔案
2）添加ks檔案，并配置檔案名
建立完成後點選Save進行儲存
CentOS7 ks配置檔案參考
# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7 by yao zhang
install
url --url=$tree
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
#Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
#network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS7
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024
part swap --size 1024
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end
%packages
@^minimal
@compat-libraries
@core
@debugging
@development
bash-completion
chrony
dos2unix
kexec-tools
lrzsz
nmap
sysstat
telnet
tree
vim
wget
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
1.4.4 自定義安裝系統
1)選擇systems 建立一個新的系統
2)定義系統資訊
3)配置全局網絡資訊
可以配置主機名、網關、DNS等
我這裡面是雙網卡，是以隻配置主機名和DNS
4)配置網卡資訊，eth0，eth1
需要注意，選擇static靜态，
以上的所有配置完成後，點選Save進行儲存
附錄：
VMware workstation中檢視虛拟機mac位址的方法。在虛拟機設定中。
cobbler web 界面說明
1.5 安裝虛拟機
1.5.1 開啟虛拟機
如果之前的設定就顯示安裝進度
1.5.2 安裝完成進行檢查 cobbler批量化安裝系統-CentOS7
1.6 cobbler使用常見錯誤
1.6.1 cobbler check報錯
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler syncTraceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <module>
sys.exit(app.main())
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 662, in main
rc = cli.run(sys.argv)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 269, in run
self.token = self.remote.login("", self.shared_secret)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1233, in __call__
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1587, in __request
verbose=self.__verbose
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1273, in request
return self.single_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1306, in single_request
return self.parse_response(response)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1482, in parse_response
return u.close()
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 794, in close
raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1: "<class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>:'login failed'">
解決辦法
1.6.2 No space left on device
出現這個錯誤的原因是虛拟機的記憶體不足2G，
将記憶體調為2G即可（這個錯誤隻會出現在CentOS7.3之上）
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