Django：drf過濾、搜尋、排序功能

過濾功能實作

1.get_query_set方法過濾

編輯blogs目錄下的views.py，新增get_queryset方法

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    def get_queryset(self):
        queryset = Article.objects.all()
        click_num = self.request.query_params.get('click', 0)
        if click_num:
            queryset = queryset.filter(click_num__gte=30)
        return queryset

在浏覽器輸入

http://localhost:8000/api/v1/articles/?click=50

，click代表參數值過濾了大于50點選數的文章。但是當過濾參數多的時候此過濾方法寫起來比較麻煩

2.django-filters方法過濾

pip install django-filter 安裝django-filter

在settings.py注冊配置django-filters，在REST_FRAMEWORK 加上過濾器會對全局生效，如果隻針對特定視圖可以單獨在view裡面加

①settings.py全局過濾器

編輯settings.py

# 注冊添加過濾子產品
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...,
    'django_filters',
    ...,
]
# 添加過濾器，全局生效
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    ...,
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',)
}

②視圖添加DjangoFilterBackend過濾器

新增

filter_backends

和

filterset_fields

from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]
    filterset_fields = ['category', 'user']

運作後在界面上出現了

過濾器

，增加了

文章類别

文章作者

兩個過濾字段，可以選擇并且聯合過濾。但是有缺點就是無法按照區間進行過濾，比如點選量

③使用filterset方法自定義過濾

在blogs目錄下建立filters.py檔案，用來寫過濾

from django_filters import rest_framework as filters
from .models import Article

class ArticleFilter(filters.FilterSet):
    """
    文章的過濾類
    """
    click_min = filters.NumberFilter(field_name="click_num", lookup_expr='gte')
    click_max = filters.NumberFilter(field_name="click_num", lookup_expr='lte')
    favor_min = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='favor_num', help_text="最低收藏量", lookup_expr='gte')
    comment_min = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='comment_num', help_text="最低評論量", lookup_expr='gte')
    title = filters.CharFilter(field_name='title', help_text='按标題模糊查詢', lookup_expr='icontains')

    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = ['category', 'tags', 'user', 'title', 'click_min', 'click_max', 'favor_min', 'comment_min']

編輯blogs目錄下的views.py，去掉filterset_fields，新增

filterset_class

from blogs.filters import ArticleFilter

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    filterset_class = ArticleFilter

運作打開過濾器後可以看到過濾條件都有了

搜尋功能實作

使用SearchFilter方法，filter_backends新增SearchFilter，新增search_fields

from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, SearchFilter]
    filterset_class = ArticleFilter
    search_fields = ['title', 'brief', 'content']

搜尋框輸入

父親

，請求路徑變成了

http://localhost:8000/api/v1/articles/?search=父親

排序功能實作

使用OrderingFilter方法，filter_backends新增OrderingFilter，新增ordering_fields

from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter, OrderingFilter

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
     """文章清單頁，分頁，搜尋，過濾，排序"""
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, SearchFilter, OrderingFilter]
    filterset_class = ArticleFilter
    search_fields = ['title', 'brief', 'content']
    ordering_fields = ['click_num', 'favor_num', 'comment_num', 'add_time']

運作後過濾器可以看到過濾器字段、搜尋、排序功能

轉：http://www.zhangyanc.club/article/fiter-search/

DRF過濾器文檔：http://www.iamnancy.top/djangorestframework/Filtering/

django-filters官方文檔：https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/master/guide/rest_framework.html