前言
有時候,我們想要限制通路的請求方法,比如我們希望使用者隻能通過
get
方式請求,
post
不允許,那麼我們可以采用裝飾器的方式,django已經為我們提供了内置的裝飾器
限制請求裝飾器
Django内置的視圖裝飾器可以給視圖提供一些限制。比如這個視圖隻能通過
GET
的
method
通路等。
django.http.decorators.http.require_http_methods
裝飾器方法的路徑,接下來我們看下它的源碼
def require_http_methods(request_method_list):
"""
Decorator to make a view only accept particular request methods. Usage::
@require_http_methods(["GET", "POST"])
def my_view(request):
# I can assume now that only GET or POST requests make it this far
# ...
Note that request methods should be in uppercase.
"""
def decorator(func):
@wraps(func)
def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
if request.method not in request_method_list:
response = HttpResponseNotAllowed(request_method_list)
log_response(
'Method Not Allowed (%s): %s', request.method, request.path,
response=response,
request=request,
)
return response
return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
return inner
return decorator
上述裝飾器的含義是如果請求方法不在
request_method_list
這個清單中,那麼就傳回
HttpResponseNotAllowed
405方法不允許
在源碼中django又定義了3個屬性
require_GET = require_http_methods(["GET"])
require_GET.__doc__ = "Decorator to require that a view only accepts the GET method."
require_POST = require_http_methods(["POST"])
require_POST.__doc__ = "Decorator to require that a view only accepts the POST method."
require_safe = require_http_methods(["GET", "HEAD"])
require_safe.__doc__ = "Decorator to require that a view only accepts safe methods: GET and HEAD."
上述代碼django又幫助我們定義好了隻允許
GET
方法,隻允許
POST
GET和HEAD
方法,了解完源碼後,我們就可以開始實操了
實戰案例
我們建立一個視圖,導入裝飾器,定義一個
index
函數,在函數上加上一個
require_GET
裝飾器,代碼如下
from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods, require_GET, require_POST
from django.http import HttpResponse
@require_POST
def index(request):
return HttpResponse('success')
接下來我們通路這個視圖,可以從PyCharm的控制台清楚的看到,傳回的是405
Method Not Allowed (GET): /
[21/May/2021 02:08:05] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 405 0
接下來我們使用
require_http_methods
方法來給大家示範,代碼如下
require_http_methods(['GET'])
def index1(request):
return HttpResponse('success')
接下來我們通過網頁通路,可以看到是可以正常通路的
[21/May/2021 02:20:59] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 7