kubernetes元件安裝

1、證書生成

#建立目錄
mkdir k8s-cert
cd k8s-cert/
#編寫證書
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Chengdu",
            "ST": "Chengdu",
      	    "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

#生成證書
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

#編寫apiserver證書簽名
#注意：master2節點和LB節點的IP位址是 為了之後的多master節點部署添加的;
#記得去掉注釋不然會報錯
cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "10.25.247.144",    #master1節點
      "10.25.247.146",    #master2節點
      "10.25.247.147",    #VIP位址
      "10.25.247.148",    #負載排程器（master節點）
      "10.25.247.149",    #負載排程器（backup節點）
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Chengdu",
            "ST": "Chengdu",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

#生成server證書
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

#編寫使用者證書
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [
  "10.25.247.141",       #修改成自己的節點IP位址
  "10.25.247.142",
  "10.25.247.143",
  "10.25.247.144",
  "10.25.247.145",
  "10.25.193.138"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Chengdu",
      "ST": "Chengdu",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

#生成指令
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

# 編寫 kube-proxy 證書
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [
  "10.25.247.141",       #修改成自己的節點IP位址
  "10.25.247.142",
  "10.25.247.143",
  "10.25.247.144",
  "10.25.247.145",
  "10.25.193.138"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Chengdu",
      "ST": "Chengdu",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

#拷貝證書到ssl目錄
cp ca*pem server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
           

2、kubernetes元件安裝

#解壓檔案
cd /root/k8s
tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
           

#拷貝關鍵内容到bin目錄
cd /root/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kubectl kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/
           

2.1制作token令牌

cd /root/k8s/
#使用下面的 head指令 随機生成序列号
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
#8f8ef3127e814ba44caa06d63a715b55
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
           

#寫入内容：序列号,使用者名,id,角色
8f8ef3127e814ba44caa06d63a715b55,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
           

2.2開啟apiserver

vi apiserver.sh
           

#!/bin/bash

MASTER_ADDRESS=$1
ETCD_SERVERS=$2

#在k8s工作目錄裡生成kube-apiserver 配置檔案
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver

KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--etcd-servers=${ETCD_SERVERS} \\
--bind-address=${MASTER_ADDRESS} \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=${MASTER_ADDRESS} \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

EOF

#生成啟動腳本
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

#啟動apiserver元件
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-apiserver
           

#執行腳本
sh apiserver.sh 10.25.247.144 https://10.25.193.138:2379,https://10.25.247.142:2379,https://10.25.247.144:2379
#檢視是否啟動
ps aux | grep kube
           

2.3開啟scheduler

vi scheduler.sh
           

#!/bin/bash

MASTER_ADDRESS=$1

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler

KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}:8080 \\
--leader-elect"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl restart kube-scheduler

           

#執行scheduler.sh腳本
sh scheduler.sh 127.0.0.1

#檢視是否啟動
ps aux | grep kube
           

2.4部署controller-manager

#編寫controller-manager.sh
vi controller-manager.sh
           

#!/bin/bash

MASTER_ADDRESS=$1

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager


KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}:8080 \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--address=127.0.0.1 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
           

#啟動腳本
sh controller-manager.sh 127.0.0.1
#檢視是否啟動
ps aux | grep kube
           

2.5檢視master節點狀态

/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get cs
           

3、部署Node節點

3.1拷貝master節點的kubelet kube-proxy

cd /root/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
#輸入密碼
scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
#輸入密碼
           

4、編寫kubeconfig腳本，在master機器上

mkdir kubeconfig
cd kubeconfig/
#擷取 token令牌的序列号
cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
#8f8ef3127e814ba44caa06d63a715b55,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

#編寫腳本
vi kubeconfig
           

APISERVER=$1     #master節點的IP位址
SSL_DIR=$2         #k8s證書路徑

# 建立kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 
export KUBE_APISERVER="https://$APISERVER:6443"

# 設定叢集參數
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=$SSL_DIR/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 設定用戶端認證參數
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=84cf410ca1d9dd456dbba668de2c1aca \     #注意：随機生成的序列号不同，要修改
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 設定上下文參數
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 設定預設上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 建立kube-proxy kubeconfig檔案

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=$SSL_DIR/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=$SSL_DIR/kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=$SSL_DIR/kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
           

5、設定環境變量可以在任意目錄下識别kubectl指令

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
           

6、檢查健康狀态

kubectl get cs
           

7、運作腳本生成配置檔案

sh kubeconfig 10.25.247.144 /root/k8s-cert/
           

8、傳遞配置檔案給Node節點

scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
#輸入密碼
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
#輸入密碼
           

9、授權

建立 bootstrap角色賦予權限，用于連接配接 apiserver請求簽名

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created
           

10、Node節點啟動kubelet

編寫部署腳本

vi kubelet.sh
           

#!/bin/bash

NODE_ADDRESS=$1
DNS_SERVER_IP=${2:-"10.0.0.2"}

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet

KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--hostname-override=${NODE_ADDRESS} \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config

kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: ${NODE_ADDRESS}
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- ${DNS_SERVER_IP} 
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true
EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet
           

10.1增加執行權限

chmod +x /root/kubelet.sh 
           

10.2并執行啟動

sh kubelet.sh 10.25.193.138
#檢視是否啟動
ps aux | grep kube
#檢視kubelet狀态
systemctl status -l kubelet
#檢視kubelet service啟動日志
journalctl -xefu kubelet
           

10.3master收到node節點發送的連接配接請求；

kubectl get csr
           

重新檢查bootstrap角色與授權

10.4同意連接配接請求，頒發證書

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-QAjoBjAY3IFVL3db4hSTZ8_nMKh3OXD2YOc5H83uWwY

#檢視請求狀态
kubectl get csr
           

10.5檢視叢集節點

kubectl get node
           

11、部署node節點的kube-proxy元件

11.1編寫proxy.sh部署腳本

vi proxy.sh
           

#!/bin/bash

NODE_ADDRESS=$1

cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy

KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--hostname-override=${NODE_ADDRESS} \\
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--proxy-mode=ipvs \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

EOF

cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy
           

11.2增加執行權限

chmod +x /root/k8s/proxy.sh
           

11.3啟動proxy服務，并檢視狀态

sh proxy.sh 10.25.193.138

#檢視proxy狀态
systemctl status kube-proxy.service