C++：圖書管理系統

圖書管理系統

效果圖：

内容

Book 頭檔案(抽象類)

Book.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstring>

class Book
{
public:

	virtual void showInfo() = 0;

	virtual string GetDeptName() = 0;


	int m_ID;

	string m_name;

	int m_DeptId;

	double m_price;

	int m_num;
};

           

BookManager 頭檔案（管理系統功能）

#pragma once  
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include"Book.h"
#include"ScBook.h"
#include"Material.h"
#include"Novel.h"
#include<fstream>


class BookManager
{
public:
	BookManager();


	void Show_Menu();

	void exitSystem();

	int m_BookNum;

	Book** m_BookArry;

	bool m_FileIsEmpty;

	void Add();

	void BorrowOrReturn();

	void Save();

	int get_BookNum();

	void init_Book();

	void Show_Book();

	void Del_Book();

	int IsExist(string name);

	void Mod_Book();

	void Find_Book();

	void Sort_Book();

	void Clam_File();

	~BookManager();
};


           

BookManager.cpp

#include"BookManager.h"

BookManager::BookManager()
{
	//初始化屬性
	ifstream ifs;
	ifs.open("系統.txt", ios::in);

	if (!ifs.is_open()) //檔案不存在
	{
		cout << "檔案不存在 \n";
		this->m_BookNum = 0;
		this->m_FileIsEmpty = true;
		this->m_BookArry = NULL;
		ifs.close();
		return;
	}

	//檔案存在
	char ch;
	ifs >> ch;
	if (ifs.eof())//判斷檔案是否為空（傳回真）
	{
		cout << "檔案為空! \n";
		this->m_BookNum = 0;
		this->m_FileIsEmpty = true;
		this->m_BookArry = NULL;
		ifs.close();
		return;
	}

	//當檔案存在且檔案有内容
	int num = this->get_BookNum();
	cout << "圖書人數為：" << num << endl;
	this->m_BookNum = num;

	//根據圖書數建立數組
	//開辟空間
	this->m_BookArry = new Book * [this->m_BookNum];

	//檔案資料放入數組中
	this->init_Book();

}

void BookManager::Add()
{
	cout << "請輸入添加圖書的數量： \n";

	int addNum = 0;

	cin >> addNum;
	if (addNum > 0)
	{
		//添加
		int newSize = this->m_BookNum + addNum;

		//開辟新空間

		Book** newSpace = new Book * [newSize];
		if (this->m_BookArry != NULL)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < this->m_BookNum; ++i)
			{
				newSpace[i] = this->m_BookArry[i];
			}
		}

		//添加新資料

		for (int i = 0; i < addNum; ++i)
		{
			int id;
			string name;
			int dSelect;
			double price;
			int num;

			cout << "請輸入第 " << i + 1 << " 個新圖書的編号： \n";
			cin >> id;
			cout << "請輸入第 " << i + 1 << " 個新圖書名： \n";
			cin >> name;
			cout << "請選擇該圖書的類别：\n" 
				<< "1、教材 \n"
				<< "2、小說 \n"
				<< "3、科普 \n";
			cin >> dSelect;

			cout << "請輸入第 " << i + 1 << " 個新圖書的價格： \n";
			cin >> price;

			cout << "請輸入第 " << i + 1 << " 個新圖書的庫存： \n";
			cin >> num;

			Book* Book = NULL;
			switch (dSelect)
			{
			case 1:
				Book = new Material(id, name, 1, price, num);
				break;
			case 2:
				Book = new Novel(id, name, 2, price, num);
				break;
			case 3:
				Book = new ScBook(id, name, 3, price, num);
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
			//建立的指針儲存在數組中
			newSpace[this->m_BookNum + i] = Book;
		}
		//釋放原有的空間
		delete[]this->m_BookArry;

		//改變空間指向
		this->m_BookArry = newSpace;

		//更改圖書不為空标志
		this->m_FileIsEmpty = false;

		//改變指針長度
		this->m_BookNum = newSize;

		//添加到檔案中

		cout << "成功添加 " << addNum << " 名新圖書 \n";

		this->Save();
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "輸入資料有誤！ \n";
	}

	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void BookManager::BorrowOrReturn()
{
	if (this->m_FileIsEmpty)
	{
		cout << "檔案不存在或記錄為空！ \n";
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "1.借書 \n";
		cout << "2.還書 \n";
		int select = 0;
		cin >> select;

		cout << "請輸入書名： \n";
		string name;
		cin >> name;
		int ret = this->IsExist(name);
		if (ret != -1)
		{
			this->m_BookArry[ret]->showInfo();
			if (select == 1)
			{
				if (this->m_BookArry[ret]->m_num != 0)
				{
					this->m_BookArry[ret]->m_num--;
					cout << "借書成功！ \n";
				}
				else
					cout << "該書已被借完！ \n";
			}
			else if (select == 2)
			{
				this->m_BookArry[ret]->m_num++;
				cout << "還書成功！ \n";
			}
			else
				cout << "錯誤操作！ \n";
			this->m_BookArry[ret]->showInfo();
		}
		else
			cout << "該書不屬于圖書館！ \n";
	}
	this->Save();
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void BookManager::Show_Menu()
{
	cout << "—————————————————— \n"
		<< "————歡迎使用圖書管理系統———— \n"
		<< "————— 0.退出管理系統 ————— \n"
		<< "————— 1.增加圖書資訊 ————— \n"
		<< "————— 2. 借書/還書   ————— \n"
		<< "————— 3.顯示圖書資訊 ————— \n"
		<< "————— 4.删除離庫圖書 ————— \n"
		<< "————— 5.修改圖書資訊 ————— \n"
		<< "————— 6.查找圖書資訊 ————— \n"
		<< "————— 7.按照編号排序 ————— \n"
		<< "————— 8.清空所有文檔 ————— \n";
	cout << endl;
}

void BookManager::exitSystem()
{
	cout << "歡迎下次使用 \n";
	system("pause");
	exit(0);
	//不管是在哪個部分調用這個函數 退出程式 0 - 退出參數
}
BookManager::~BookManager()
{
	if (this->m_BookArry != NULL)
	{
		delete[]this->m_BookArry;
		this->m_BookArry = NULL;
	}
}

//儲存檔案
void BookManager::Save()
{
	ofstream ofs;
	ofs.open("系統.txt", ios::out);

	for (int i = 0; i < this->m_BookNum; ++i)
	{
		ofs << this->m_BookArry[i]->m_ID << " "
			<< this->m_BookArry[i]->m_name << " "
			<< this->m_BookArry[i]->m_DeptId << " "
			<< this->m_BookArry[i]->m_price << " "
			<< this->m_BookArry[i]->m_num << endl;
	}
	ofs.close();
}
//統計人數
int BookManager::get_BookNum()
{
	ifstream ifs;
	ifs.open("系統.txt", ios::in);

	int id;
	string name;
	int did;
	double price;
	int number;

	int num = 0;

	while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> did && ifs >> price && ifs >> number)
	{
		num++;
	}
	ifs.close();

	return num;
}

void BookManager::init_Book()
{
	ifstream ifs;
	ifs.open("系統.txt", ios::in);

	int id;
	string name;
	int did;
	double price;
	int number;

	int index = 0;
	while (ifs >> id && ifs >> name && ifs >> did && ifs >> price && ifs >> number)
	{
		Book* Book = NULL;
		if (did == 1)
			Book = new Material(id, name, did, price, number);
		else if (did == 2)
			Book = new Novel(id, name, did, price, number);
		else
			Book = new ScBook(id, name, did, price, number);
		this->m_BookArry[index] = Book;
		index++;
	}
	ifs.close();
}

void BookManager::Show_Book()
{
	if (this->m_FileIsEmpty)
		cout << "檔案不存在或已為空！ \n";
	else
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < m_BookNum; ++i)
		{
			this->m_BookArry[i]->showInfo();
		}
	}

	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

int BookManager::IsExist(string name)
{
	int index = -1;

	for (int i = 0; i < m_BookNum; ++i)
	{
		if (this->m_BookArry[i]->m_name.find(name) != string::npos)
		{
			index = i;
			break;
		}
	}
	return index;
}

void BookManager::Del_Book() //數組資料前移（找到位置的後一位）
{
	if (this->m_FileIsEmpty)
		cout << "檔案不存在或檔案為空! \n";
	else
	{
		//按照圖書的姓名删除
		cout << "請輸入想要删除的圖書名字： \n";
		string name = "0";
		cin >> name;

		int index = this->IsExist(name);

		if (index != -1)
		{
			//m_BookNum = 1時不進入循壞

			for (int i = 0; i < this->m_BookNum - 1; ++i)
			{
				//資料前移
				this->m_BookArry[i] = this->m_BookArry[i + 1];
			}
			//數量更新
			this->m_BookNum--;

			//資料同步到檔案中
			this->Save();

			cout << "删除成功！ \n";
		}
		else
			cout << "删除失敗，未找到該圖書！ \n";
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void BookManager::Mod_Book()
{
	if (this->m_FileIsEmpty)
		cout << "檔案不存在或記錄為空！ \n";
	else
	{
		cout << "請輸入修改圖書的名字： \n";
		string name = "0";
		cin >> name;

		int ret = this->IsExist(name);
		if (ret != -1)
		{
			//查找
			delete this->m_BookArry[ret];

			int newId = 0;
			string newName = "";
			int dSelect = 0;
			double price;
			int number;

			this->m_BookArry[ret]->showInfo();

			cout << "請輸入新圖書的編号： \n";
			cin >> newId;

			cout << "請輸入新圖書名： \n";
			cin >> newName;

			cout << "請選擇該圖書的類别： \n"
				<< "1、教材 \n"
				<< "2、小說 \n"
				<< "3、科普 \n";
			cin >> dSelect;

			cout << "請輸入新圖書的價格： \n";
			cin >> price;

			cout << "請輸入新圖書的庫存： \n";
			cin >> number;

			Book* Book = NULL;
			switch (dSelect)
			{
			case 1:
				Book = new Material(newId, newName, dSelect, price, number);
			case 2:
				Book = new Novel(newId, newName, dSelect, price, number);
			case 3:
				Book = new ScBook(newId, newName, dSelect, price, number);
			default:
				break;
			}

			//更改資料到數組中
			this->m_BookArry[ret] = Book;

			cout << "修改成功！ \n";

			//儲存到檔案中
			this->Save();
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "修改失敗，查無此人 \n";
		}
	}

	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void BookManager::Find_Book()
{
	if (this->m_FileIsEmpty)
		cout << "檔案不存在或記錄為空！ \n";
	else
	{
		cout << "請輸入查找的方式： \n";
		cout << "1.按圖書編号查找 \n";
		cout << "2.按圖書姓名查找 \n";

		int select = 0;
		cin >> select;

		if (select == 2)
		{
			string name;
			cout << "請輸入查找的圖書姓名： \n";
			cin >> name;

			int ret = 1;
			ret = this->IsExist(name);

			if (ret != -1)
			{
				cout << "查找成功！該圖書資訊如下： \n";
				this->m_BookArry[ret]->showInfo();
			}
			else
				cout << "查找失敗，查無此書 \n";
		}
		else if (select == 1)
		{
			int id = 0;
			cout << "請輸入查找的圖書編号： \n";
			cin >> id;

			bool flag = false;

			for (int i = 0; i < this->m_BookNum; ++i)
			{
				if (this->m_BookArry[i]->m_ID == id)
				{
					cout << "查找成功，圖書編号為： "
						<< this->m_BookArry[i]->m_ID
						<< "号圖書資訊如下： \n";

					flag = true;

					this->m_BookArry[i]->showInfo();
				}
			}
			if (flag == false)
			{
				cout << "查找失敗，查無此人！ \n";
			}
		}
		else
			cout << "輸入選項有誤！ \n";
	}

	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

void BookManager::Sort_Book()
{
	if (this->m_FileIsEmpty)
	{
		cout << "檔案不存在或記錄為空！ \n";
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "請選擇排序方式： \n";
		cout << "1.按圖書編号進行升序 \n";
		cout << "2.按圖書編号進行降序 \n";

		int select = 0;
		cin >> select;

		for (int i = 0; i < m_BookNum; ++i)
		{
			int minOrMax = i;
			for (int j = i + 1; j < m_BookNum; ++j)
			{
				if (select == 1)//升序
				{
					if (m_BookArry[minOrMax]->m_ID > m_BookArry[j]->m_ID)
						minOrMax = j;
				}
				else  //降序
				{
					if (m_BookArry[minOrMax]->m_ID < m_BookArry[j]->m_ID)
						minOrMax = j;
				}
			}
			if (i != minOrMax)
			{
				Book* temp = m_BookArry[i];
				m_BookArry[i] = m_BookArry[minOrMax];
				m_BookArry[minOrMax] = temp;
			}
		}
		cout << "排序成功！排序後結果為： \n";

		this->Save();
		this->Show_Book();
	}
}

void BookManager::Clam_File()
{
	cout << "确認清空？ \n";
	cout << "1. 确認 \n";
	cout << "2. 傳回 \n";

	int select = 0;
	cin >> select;

	if (select == 1)
	{
		//trunc 如果存在檔案 則删除并重建
		ofstream ofs("系統.txt", ios::trunc);
		ofs.close();

		//清空内容
		if (this->m_BookArry != NULL)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < this->m_BookNum; ++i)
			{
				if (this->m_BookArry[i] != NULL)
					delete this->m_BookArry[i];
			}
			this->m_BookNum = 0;
			delete[]this->m_BookArry;
			this->m_BookArry = NULL;
			this->m_FileIsEmpty = true;
		}
		cout << "清空成功！ \n";
	}
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}
           

mian函數

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include"BookManager.h"
#include"Book.h"
#include"Novel.h"

//提供功能接口
int main()
{
	BookManager book;
	int choice = 0;
	while (true)
	{
		book.Show_Menu();
		cout << "請輸入您的選擇：" << endl;
		cin >> choice;

		switch (choice)
		{
		case 0: //退出系統
			book.exitSystem();
			break;
		case 1: //添加圖書
			book.Add();
			break;
		case 2:
			book.BorrowOrReturn();
			break;
		case 3: //顯示圖書
			book.Show_Book();
			break;
		case 4: //删除圖書
			//測試 要封裝
		//{int ret = wm.IsExist("1");
		//if (ret != -1)
		//	cout << "圖書存在" << endl;
		//else
		//	cout << "圖書不存在" << endl;
		//}
			book.Del_Book();
			break;
		case 5: //修改圖書
			book.Mod_Book();
			break;
		case 6: //查找圖書
			book.Find_Book();
			break;
		case 7://排序
			book.Sort_Book();
			break;
		case 8: //清空檔案
			book.Clam_File();
			break;
		default:
			system("cls"); // ！！！（輸入其他的）重新整理螢幕
			break;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}
           

圖書分類

1、教材

Material.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstring>
#include"Book.h"

class Material : public Book
{
public:
	Material(int id, string name, int did ,double price,int num);

	void showInfo();

	string GetDeptName();
};


           

Material.cpp

#include"Material.h"

Material::Material(int id, string name, int did, double price, int num)
{
	this->m_ID = id;
	this->m_name = name;
	this->m_DeptId = did;
	this->m_price = price;
	this->m_num = num;
}

//顯示個人資訊
void Material::showInfo()
{
	cout << "圖書編号： " << this->m_ID
		<< "\t 圖書名：" << this->m_name
		<< "\t 圖書分類： " << this->GetDeptName()
		<< "\t 圖書價格：" <<this->m_price
		<<"\t 圖書庫存："<< this->m_num << endl;
}

//擷取類别名稱
string Material::GetDeptName()
{
	return string("教材");
}
           

2、小說

Novel.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstring>
#include"Book.h"

class Novel : public Book
{
public:
	Novel(int id, string name, int did, double price, int num);

	void showInfo();

	string GetDeptName();
};

           

Novel.cpp

#include"Novel.h"

Novel::Novel(int id, string name, int did, double price, int num)
{
	this->m_ID = id;
	this->m_name = name;
	this->m_DeptId = did;
	this->m_price = price;
	this->m_num = num;
}

//顯示個人資訊
void Novel::showInfo()
{
	cout << "圖書編号： " << this->m_ID
		<< "\t 圖書名：" << this->m_name
		<< "\t 圖書分類： " << this->GetDeptName()
		<< "\t 圖書價格：" << this->m_price
		<< "\t 圖書庫存：" << this->m_num << endl;
}

//擷取類别名稱
string Novel::GetDeptName()
{
	return string("小說");
}
           

3、科普

ScBook.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstring>
#include"Book.h"


class ScBook : public Book
{
public:
	ScBook(int id, string name, int did, double price, int num);

	void showInfo();

	string GetDeptName();

};


           

ScBook.cpp

#include"ScBook.h"

ScBook::ScBook(int id, string name, int did, double price, int num)
{
	this->m_ID = id;
	this->m_name = name;
	this->m_DeptId = did;
	this->m_price = price;
	this->m_num = num;
}

//顯示個人資訊
void ScBook::showInfo()
{
	cout << "圖書編号： " << this->m_ID
		<< "\t 圖書名：" << this->m_name
		<< "\t 圖書分類： " << this->GetDeptName()
		<< "\t 圖書價格：" << this->m_price
		<< "\t 圖書庫存：" << this->m_num << endl;
}

//擷取類别名稱
string ScBook::GetDeptName()
{
	return string("科普");
}


           

注意

系統分頭檔案和cpp檔案會使得整個系統可讀性更高。