Java web基礎總結二之—— http協定

Java web?虹??葷?涔?浜?????http??璁?

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? ? ? ??變?java web???轟?B/S??锛???浠?ttp??璁???java web ???虹?锛?涔???甯擱??瑕????ヨ????HTTP??璁??ㄤ?瀹?涔?瀹㈡?風??涓?web???″?ㄤ??磋?琛???淇＄???煎???浠?web???″?ㄤ腑?峰???涓?web璧?婧?????web ???″?ㄦ?ュ??瀹㈡?風????璇鋒??介??瑕??靛??涓?瀹?????璁??煎?锛?灏辨??http??璁???

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涓?锛?HTTP??璁???浠?涔?锛?

? ? ? ? HTTP??璁???瀛??java web???虹?籌????朵???绠＄????缁存?や?浜?澶?????WEB绔??圭??蹇?澶????虹?锛?濡???浣??寵?娣卞?ョ????瑙?ava web?????″?ㄧ??瀹??幫?灏辨?撮??瑕????″????

? ? ? ? HTTP??hypertext transfer protocol锛?瓒?????浼?杈???璁?锛???绠???锛?瀹?????CP/IP??璁?涔?涓???涓?涓?搴??ㄥ???璁?锛?榛?璁ょ??绔??ｆ??80锛??ㄤ?瀹?涔?WEB娴?瑙??ㄤ?WEB???″?ㄤ??翠氦?㈡?版?????煎???瑙?????

? ? ? ? HTTP??璁??????舵??????璁?锛?????涓轟?涓?web???″?ㄥ苟涓?浼?淇?瀛??充?瀹㈡?鋒?虹??浠諱???淇℃??????/S?舵??涓?锛?web???″?ㄦ?繪????寮???锛??鋒???哄????IP?闆??锛????舵???℃????涓?涓???涓?????娴?瑙??ㄣ??

? ? ? ? HTTP??璁???涓や釜????锛?HTTP/1.0??HTTP/1.1???闆?ㄥ?烘??浣跨?ㄧ???芥??HTTP/1.1??浠?浠?涔??存??涓?涓???瑕????哄??锛???TTP1.0??璁?涓?锛?瀹㈡?風??涓?web???″?ㄥ緩绔?杩??ュ??锛????借?峰?涓?涓?web璧?婧???HTTP1.1??璁?锛???璁稿?㈡?風??涓?web???″?ㄥ緩绔?杩??ュ??锛??ㄤ?涓?杩??ヤ??峰??澶?涓?web璧?婧???涔?灏辨??甯歌?寸????涔?杩??ャ??

浜?锛???涔?杩??ュ??????涔?杩??ョ???哄??

? ? ? ? ? 涓?涓?web椤甸???涔?琚?绉頒負??妗ｃ?????卞?矽薄缁?????锛?绠?????璇達?瀵矽薄灏辨????浠訛?姣?濡?html??浠訛??劇????浠剁??绛???澶ч?ㄥ????web椤甸?㈠????涓?涓??烘??html??浠朵互??澶?涓?寮??ㄥ?矽薄??姣?濡?涓?涓?web椤甸?㈠????涓?涓??烘????html??浠跺??2涓??劇????浠訛??ｄ?杩?涓?web椤甸?㈠氨??3涓?瀵矽薄???烘??html??浠堕??杩?瀵矽薄??URL?闆??瀵瑰?矽薄杩?琛?寮??ㄣ??URL?闆???變袱?ㄥ??缁???锛?瀛??懼?矽薄?????″?ㄧ??涓繪?哄????瀵矽薄?稿?逛?涓繪?虹??璺?寰?????渚?濡?锛?

http://c.csdnimg.cn/www/images/pic_foot_BNIA.png ?涓??? c.csdnimg.cn灏辨??涓繪?哄??锛?

/www/images/pic_foot_BNIA.png灏辨??璺?寰?????

? ? ? ? ????涔?杩??ュ氨??褰?瀹㈡?風??璇鋒?涓?涓?web椤甸?㈡?訛?瀵規??涓?涓?瀵矽薄??璇鋒?/??搴??芥??缁?杩?涓?涓???????TCP杩??ュ??????渚?濡?锛?濡???涓?涓?web椤甸?㈠????涓?涓??烘??html??浠跺??5涓?JPEG???劇????浠躲????浣跨?ㄩ????涔?杩??ユ?訛??ㄦ?瘋?鋒?杩?涓?椤甸???浼?寤虹??6涓?TCP杩??ャ??

? ? ? ? ??涔?杩??ュ????瀵逛?涓?椤甸?㈢??璇鋒?锛????沖?ㄥ??涓?涓????″?ㄤ???澶?涓?web?訛??藉??浠ュ?ㄥ??涓?????涔?TCP杩??ヤ?杩?琛?浼?????姣?濡?涓??㈢??渚?瀛?涓?锛????藉????瑕?涓?涓???涔???TCP杩??ャ??涓????ヨ?達?濡???涓?涓?杩??ョ?杩?涓?瀹????堕?撮?撮??娌℃??琚?浣跨???HTTP???″?ㄥ氨浼??抽??杩?涓?杩??ャ??

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涓?锛?HTTP??璇鋒?

??? 瀹㈡?風????娴?瑙??ㄨ?涓?web???″?ㄥ??锛?浼??????″?ㄨ?鋒???涓?web璧?婧?锛?绉頒?涓哄?㈡?風???????″?ㄥ????浜?涓?涓?HTTP璇鋒???涓?涓?瀹??寸??HTTP璇鋒?????锛?涓?涓?璇鋒?琛???涓?浜?娑???澶淬????瀹?浣???瀹癸??朵腑??涓?浜?娑???澶村??瀹?浣???瀹歸?芥????????锛?娑???澶村??瀹?浣???瀹逛??磋??ㄧ┖琛???寮???

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1. 璇鋒?琛?

? ? 璇鋒?琛?涓???瑕?娉ㄦ??????璇鋒??瑰?锛?涓昏???锛?

???????? POST??GET??HEAD??OPTIONS??DELETE??TRACE??PUT

???????? ??浠?甯哥?ㄧ????锛?POST??GET ???朵???姣?杈?灏????幫?杩???灏變?澶???杩頒???

? ? ? ?POST??GET锛??芥???ㄤ?瀹㈡?風???????″?ㄨ?鋒???涓?WEB璧?婧?锛?浠?浠??藉??浠ュ甫涓?浜??版??缁????″???浣???浠?浠???涓?瀹????哄??锛?

濡?璇鋒??瑰?涓?ET?瑰?锛?????浠ュ?ㄨ?鋒???URL?闆????浠???褰㈠?甯??浜ょ????″?ㄧ???版??锛?澶?涓??版??涔??翠互&杩?琛?????锛?渚?濡?锛?

????????????????? GET/aaa/bbb?name=ccc&password=ddd HTTP/1.1

???????? GET?瑰????圭?癸???RL?闆??????甯??????版???????剁??锛??舵?版??瀹歸??涓??借?杩?1K????浠ョ???幫?浣跨??ET璇鋒??瑰??訛????版???劇ず?ㄦ?瑙??ㄧ??杈??ユ?????锛???浠ユ????瑙?????

褰?璇鋒??瑰?涓?OST?瑰?锛?????浠ュ?ㄨ?鋒???瀹?浣???瀹逛腑?????″?ㄥ?????版??锛?渚?濡?锛?

???????? POST /user/loginHTTP/1.1

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???????? Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded

???????? Content-Length:28

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???????? name=aaa&password=bbb

???????? Post?瑰????圭?癸?浼??????版????娌℃??澶у??????訛???涓????頒?浼??ㄦ?瑙??ㄧ???闆??妗????劇ず??

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2. 娑???澶?

? ?http璇鋒?澶存??蹇?椤誨???ㄧ??锛?瀹??哄甫浜?寰?澶?????瑕???淇℃??锛?姣?濡?瀹㈡?風????娴?瑙??ㄧ????璇?锛?涓??㈡??HTTP璇鋒?涓???甯哥?ㄥご锛?

Accept: text/html,image/*???

Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1

Accept-Encoding: gzip,compress

Accept-Language: en-us,zh-cn

Host: http://www.csdn.net:80

If-Modified-Since: Tue, 11 Jul 2010 18:23:51 GMT

Referer: http:// http://www.csdn.net

User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 5.0)

Cookie

Connection: close/Keep-Alive??

Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2010 18:23:51 GMT

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??锛?HTTP????搴?

? ? ? ? ??HTTP??璇鋒??稿?瑰?锛?涓?涓?HTTP??搴?琛ㄧず???″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?風?????????版??锛?瀹?涔?????涓?涓??ㄥ??锛?涓?涓??舵??琛????ュ共娑???澶淬??浠ュ??瀹?浣???瀹癸??朵腑??涓?浜?娑???澶村??瀹?浣???瀹歸?芥????????锛?娑???澶村??瀹?浣???瀹逛??磋??ㄤ?涓?绌鴻?浣?涓洪?撮????

? ? ? ? ?舵??琛?涓???瑕??ラ????灏辨???舵????锛??舵????琛ㄧず???″?ㄥ?矽?鋒???澶???缁???锛?瀹???涓?涓?涓?浣?????杩??舵?般????搴??舵?????誨?卞??涓?绫夥?濡?涓???绀猴?

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100锝?199	琛ㄧず?????ユ?惰?鋒?锛?瑕?姹?瀹㈡?風??缁х畫??浜や?涓?娆¤?鋒????藉?????翠釜澶???杩?绋?
200锝?299	琛ㄧず?????ユ?惰?鋒?骞跺凡瀹????翠釜澶???杩?绋?锛?甯哥??00
300锝?399	涓哄????璇鋒?锛?瀹㈡?烽??杩?涓?姝ョ???璇鋒???渚?濡?锛?璇鋒???璧?婧?宸茬?绉誨?ㄤ?涓??闆?闆??锛?甯哥??02??307??304??姣?濡?304????瀹???
400锝?499	瀹㈡?風????璇鋒?????璇?锛?甯哥?ㄥ?403??绂?姝㈣?塊????404???句??拌?婧?
500锝?599	???″?ㄥ?虹?伴??璇?锛?姣?濡????″?ㄧ??绋?搴????轟?寮?甯革?甯哥??500??

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??? HTTP璇鋒?澶翠??鳳?HTTP涔???涓?浜?甯哥?ㄧ????搴?澶達?濡?涓???绀猴?

Location: http:// www.csdn.net

Server:apache tomcat

Content-Encoding: gzip

Content-Length: 80

Content-Language: zh-cn

Content-Type: text/html; charset=GB2312

Last-Modified: Tue, 11 Jul 2010 18:23:51 GMT

Refresh: 1;url=http://www.csdn.net

Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=aaa.zip

Transfer-Encoding: chunked?

Set-Cookie:SS=Q0=5Lb_nQ; path=/aaa

Expires: -1

Cache-Control: no-cache?

Pragma: no-cache??

Connection: close/Keep-Alive??

Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT

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?? ??瑕?娉ㄦ??????锛???涓?浜????ㄧ??娑???澶達??㈠??浠ョ?ㄤ?璇鋒?锛?涔???浠ョ?ㄤ???搴?锛?姣?濡?锛?

? Cache-Control:no-cache? ???ㄤ???瀹???????瑕?缂?瀛?

? Pragma:no-cache?? Pragma: no-cache?煎??ttp 1.0 锛?Cache-Control:no-cache??http 1.1?闆????娑???澶淬??

? Connection:close/Keep-Alive?? 杩?涓?灏辨???у?舵????涔?杩??ヨ???????涔?杩??ャ??

? Date: Tue, 11Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT?