項目建立
需要標明一個目錄作為項目的主目錄
一個項目中可以擁有多個 apps
指令幫助
建立項目方法
django-admin help startproject
usage: django-admin startproject [-h] [--version] [-v {0,1,2,3}]
[--settings SETTINGS]
[--pythonpath PYTHONPATH] [--traceback]
[--no-color] [--template TEMPLATE]
[--extension EXTENSIONS] [--name FILES]
name [directory]
Creates a Django project directory structure for the given project name in the current directory or optionally in the given directory.
positional arguments:
name Name of the application or project.
directory Optional destination directory
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--version show program's version number and exit
-v {0,1,2,3}, --verbosity {0,1,2,3}
Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output,
2=verbose output, 3=very verbose output
--settings SETTINGS The Python path to a settings module, e.g.
"myproject.settings.main". If this isn't provided, the
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be
used.
--pythonpath PYTHONPATH
A directory to add to the Python path, e.g.
"/home/djangoprojects/myproject".
--traceback Raise on CommandError exceptions
--no-color Don't colorize the command output.
--template TEMPLATE The path or URL to load the template from.
--extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS
The file extension(s) to render (default: "py").
Separate multiple extensions with commas, or use -e
multiple times.
--name FILES, -n FILES
The file name(s) to render. Separate multiple
extensions with commas, or use -n multiple times.
建立 apps 方法
django-admin help startapp
usage: django-admin startapp [-h] [--version] [-v {0,1,2,3}]
[--settings SETTINGS] [--pythonpath PYTHONPATH]
[--traceback] [--no-color] [--template TEMPLATE]
[--extension EXTENSIONS] [--name FILES]
name [directory]
Creates a Django app directory structure for the given app name in the current directory or optionally in the given directory.
positional arguments:
name Name of the application or project.
directory Optional destination directory
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--version show program's version number and exit
-v {0,1,2,3}, --verbosity {0,1,2,3}
Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output,
2=verbose output, 3=very verbose output
--settings SETTINGS The Python path to a settings module, e.g.
"myproject.settings.main". If this isn't provided, the
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be
used.
--pythonpath PYTHONPATH
A directory to add to the Python path, e.g.
"/home/djangoprojects/myproject".
--traceback Raise on CommandError exceptions
--no-color Don't colorize the command output.
--template TEMPLATE The path or URL to load the template from.
--extension EXTENSIONS, -e EXTENSIONS
The file extension(s) to render (default: "py").
Separate multiple extensions with commas, or use -e
multiple times.
--name FILES, -n FILES
The file name(s) to render. Separate multiple
extensions with commas, or use -n multiple times.
Example
建立項目
項目名稱： demo
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /apps/dat/web/ -p
[[email protected] ~]# cd /apps/dat/web/
[[email protected] web]# django-admin startproject demo
目錄結構介紹
[[email protected] web]# tree .
.
└── demo
├── demo
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py <- 項目配置檔案
│ ├── urls.py <- URL 路由檔案
│ └── wsgi.py <- 網絡通訊接口
└── manage.py <- django 主管理程式
allow host 設定
修改 settings.py 檔案， 可以選擇輸入目前用于監聽 IP 或者直接寫 “*”
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]
假如沒有上述設定， 則啟動項目後會出現下面錯誤
DisallowedHost at /
Invalid HTTP_HOST header: 'x.x.x.x'. You may need to add u'x.x.x.x to ALLOWED_HOSTS.
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://x.x.x.x/
Django Version: 1.11.16
Exception Type: DisallowedHost
Exception Value:
Invalid HTTP_HOST header: 'x.x.x.x'. You may need to add u'x.x.x.x' to ALLOWED_HOSTS.
Exception Location: /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/django/http/request.py in get_host, line 113
測試項目啟動
可以用下面方法可以啟動項目用于測試
cd demo
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80
可以看見有下面輸出
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
You have 13 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions. (這裡是跟資料庫配置及同步相關，暫時不需要去解決他)
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
October 22, 2018 - 02:47:52
Django version 1.11.16, using settings 'demo.settings'
Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:80/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
利用 firefox 可以直接進行通路
http://x.x.x.x/
網頁上可以看到下面字型
It worked!
Congratulations on your first Django-powered page.
Next, start your first app by running python manage.py startapp [app_label].
You're seeing this message because you have DEBUG = True in your Django settings file and you haven't configured any URLs. Get to work!
項目 apps
習慣上, 一個項目可以有多個 apps
我們的代碼都會存放到 apps 目錄下并以 py 檔案結尾
建立一個apps
apps 命名：tiweb
python manage.py startapp tiweb
目錄結構
tiweb 目錄下會生成很多 py 檔案， 但目前我們暫時将不會用到這些 py 檔案
├── db.sqlite3 <- 廢棄，sqlite 資料庫檔案（我們将會采用 Mariadb 作為預設資料庫，後面介紹）
├── demo
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ └── wsgi.py
├── manage.py
└── tiweb
├── admin.py
├── apps.py
├── __init__.py
├── migrations <- 資料庫處理記錄相關資訊你的目錄
│ └── __init__.py
├── models.py <- 用于定義資料庫表結構的 python 檔案（以後介紹）
├── tests.py
└── views.py <- 習慣上， DJango 會用這個檔案作為入口檔案(url映射到相應的業務處理邏輯）
配置 apps
建立 apps 後， 需要對 settings.py 進行修改， 添加新的 apps 定義
vim demo/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'tiweb', <- 新增新的 apps 命名
]
setttings.py 設定
- apps 設定
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'tiweb', <- 新增新的 apps 命名
]
- allow host 設定（用于允許主機監聽那些 IP 位址）
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]
- 中文支援
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
- 中國時區支援
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
- debug 支援
DEBUG = True
-
靜态檔案位置定義 (習慣上我們會把 js , css, images[jpg, png, gif] 等檔案作為靜态檔案處理）
目前以 /apps/dat/web/demo/static/ 目錄作為靜态檔案根目錄
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
'/static/',
]
- MySQL / MariaDB 資料庫連接配接方法
DATABASES = {
'default' : {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'dbname',
'USER': 'username',
'PASSWORD': 'password,
'HOST': 'mysqlIPADDR',
'PORT': '3306',
}
}
-
Template 定義
Template 用于存放一種動态加載資料的模闆網頁應用
目前以 /apps/dat/web/demo/template/目錄存放 template file
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'template')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
![TestLink導出用例轉換工具(XML2Excel)[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)