手把手教你怎麼導入Go語言第三方庫

一、使用 go get擷取

GO的指令

go get

讓我們可以友善快捷的從網絡中下載下傳或更新Go語言包及其依賴檔案，并将他們編譯和安裝。

先在指令行模式下輸入 go --help ,可檢視以下資訊。

Go is a tool for managing Go source code.

Usage:

        go  [arguments]

The commands are:

        bug         start a bug report
        build       compile packages and dependencies
        clean       remove object files and cached files
        doc         show documentation for package or symbol
        env         print Go environment information
        fix         update packages to use new APIs
        fmt         gofmt (reformat) package sources
        generate    generate Go files by processing source
        get         add dependencies to current module and install them
        install     compile and install packages and dependencies
        list        list packages or modules
        mod         module maintenance
        run         compile and run Go program
        test        test packages
        tool        run specified go tool
        version     print Go version
        vet         report likely mistakes in packages

Use "go help " for more information about a command.

Additional help topics:

        buildconstraint build constraints
        buildmode       build modes
        c               calling between Go and C
        cache           build and test caching
        environment     environment variables
        filetype        file types
        go.mod          the go.mod file
        gopath          GOPATH environment variable
        gopath-get      legacy GOPATH go get
        goproxy         module proxy protocol
        importpath      import path syntax
        modules         modules, module versions, and more
        module-get      module-aware go get
        module-auth     module authentication using go.sum
        module-private  module configuration for non-public modules
        packages        package lists and patterns
        testflag        testing flags
        testfunc        testing functions

Use "go help " for more information about that topic.

複制

我們可以看到

get add dependencies to current module and install them

這就是我們今天要用到的東西。

然後檢視它的幫助資訊：

go get --help

usage: go get [-d] [-f] [-t] [-u] [-v] [-fix] [-insecure] [build flags] [packages]
Run 'go help get' for details.

複制

找到我們要擷取的庫。

複制連結

https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

使用

go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

結果報錯：

go: missing Git command. See https://golang.org/s/gogetcmd
package github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql: exec: "git": executable file not found in %PATH%

複制

這裡要安裝Git，部落客是安裝了Git的，不過這裡需要配置一下。

在系統變量的PATH裡面添加Git的bin目錄的路徑。

然後再運作

go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

現在就成功了。

這個

github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

被稱為遠端導入路徑，其實go get被稱為遠端動态導入GO包。其實

go get

幹的事就是從分布式版本控制系統的倉庫中找出代碼包并将它編譯以及安裝。

倉庫名	VCS	VCS	VCS
BitBucket	Mercurial	Git
GitHub	Git
Google Code Project Hosting	Git	Mercurial	Subversion
Launchpad	Bazaar

一般情況下，代碼包遠端導入路徑中的第一個元素就是代碼托管網站的主域名。在靜态分析的時候，

go get

指令會将代碼包遠端導入路徑與預置的代碼托管站點的主域名進行比對。如果比對成功，則在對代碼包遠端導入路徑的初步檢查後傳回正常的傳回值或錯誤資訊。如果比對不成功，則會再對代碼包遠端導入路徑進行動态分析。

二、直接下載下傳GO庫

在 github 或者其他地方下載下傳Go庫。

然後在系統變量檢視GOPATH。

然後打開GOPATH的src目錄

将檔案複制進去。

然後就成功擷取了。

三、參數介紹

usage: go get [-d] [-f] [-t] [-u] [-v] [-fix] [-insecure] [build flags] [packages]
Run 'go help get' for details.

複制

然後我們可以看一看

go help get

裡有關參數的介紹。

The -d flag instructs get to stop after downloading the packages; that is,
it instructs get not to install the packages.

The -f flag, valid only when -u is set, forces get -u not to verify that
each package has been checked out from the source control repository
implied by its import path. This can be useful if the source is a local fork
of the original.

The -fix flag instructs get to run the fix tool on the downloaded packages
before resolving dependencies or building the code.

The -insecure flag permits fetching from repositories and resolving
custom domains using insecure schemes such as HTTP. Use with caution.

The -t flag instructs get to also download the packages required to build
the tests for the specified packages.

The -u flag instructs get to use the network to update the named packages
and their dependencies. By default, get uses the network to check out
missing packages but does not use it to look for updates to existing packages.

The -v flag enables verbose progress and debug output.

複制

簡單來說就是：

-d 下載下傳完成後就停止工作，不安裝庫
-f 這個參數隻有在使用了-u 參數時才有用，強制-u不去驗證import的每一個包是否已經擷取了，這對本地fork的包非常有用。
-fix 這個-fix參數表示在解決依賴關系或建構代碼之前先運作fix工具。
-insecure 該參數允許通過不安全（例如 HTTP）的自定義域擷取并解析使用存儲庫。
-t 該參數允許在下載下傳該包時也下載下傳測試該包需要的包。
-u 參數允許 get 使用網絡來更新包

以及它們的依賴。預設情況下，get 使用網絡檢查丢失的包，但不使用它來查找現有包的更新。
-v 啟用詳細進度和調試資訊輸出。