Curl是一款用于在網絡上傳輸資料的工具，支援HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, TFTP, DICT,TELNET,LDAP等協定。通過curl你既可以将伺服器的資料下載下傳下來，也可以将本地的資料上傳到伺服器。curl的選項很多，大家可以參考curl manual。
最簡單的用法，擷取一個網站頁面的源代碼:
[[email protected] ~]# curl www.g.cn
<HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<TITLE>301 Moved</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>
<H1>301 Moved</H1>
The document has moved
<A HREF="http://www.google.cn/webhp?source=g_cn">here</A>.
</BODY></HTML>
[[email protected] ~]# curl www.google.cn
言歸正傳，下面将告訴大家如何使用-Is選項來擷取網站的web伺服器類型。
-I :擷取網站的HTTP-header資訊
-s :靜默模式。不顯示進度及錯誤資訊
--connect-timeout ：設定連接配接逾時秒數
[[email protected] ~]# curl -Is www.163.com
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Server: nginx
Date: Fri, 08 Jan 2010 14:40:23 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=GBK
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Expires: Fri, 08 Jan 2010 14:41:43 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=80
Vary: User-Agent
Vary: Accept
X-Cache: MISS from cache.163.com
Connection: close
首先建立一個site.txt檔案，裡面輸入相應的網站。
[[email protected] ~]# head site.txt
www.google.com
www.baidu.com
youa.baidu.com
post.baidu.com
hi.baidu.com
www.sogou.com
www.youdao.com
www.soso.com
www.sohu.com
www.sina.com
之後結合下面的curl.sh腳本，就可以獲知site.txt中網站的伺服器類型了。
#!/bin/sh
IIS=0
nginx=0
apache=0
other=0
if [ ! -f site.txt ]; then
echo "ERROR:site.txt NOT exists!"
exit 1
fi
total=`wc -l site.txt|awk '{print $1}'`
for website in `cat site.txt`
do
server=`curl -Is --connect-timeout 15 $website|awk -F":" '/^Server:/{print $2}'`
echo -e $website":" $server
if echo $server|grep -i "IIS">/dev/null
then IIS=`expr $IIS + 1`
elif echo $server|grep -i "Apache">/dev/null
then Apache=`expr $Apache + 1`
elif echo $server|grep -i "nginx">/dev/null
then nginx=`expr $nginx + 1`
else other=`expr $other + 1`
fi
done
echo "--------------------------------------------"
echo -e "Total/tApache/tIIS/tnginx/tother"
echo -e "$total/t$Apache/t$IIS/t$nginx/t$other"
echo -e "100%/t"`echo "scale=5;$Apache/$total*100"|bc|cut -c1-5`"%/t"`echo "scale=5;$IIS/$total*100"|bc|cut -c1-5`"%/t"`echo "scale=5;$nginx/$total*100"|bc|cut -c1-5`"%/t"`echo "scale=5;$other/$total*100"|bc|cut -c1-5`"%/t"
echo "--------------------------------------------"
exit 0
輸出結果：
[email protected] ~]# bash curl.sh
www.google.com: gws
www.baidu.com: BWS/1.0
youa.baidu.com: Apache
post.baidu.com: apache 2.7.18.0
hi.baidu.com: apache 1.1.26.0
www.sogou.com: Apache
www.youdao.com: nginx
www.soso.com: SWS/1.0
www.sohu.com: SWS
www.sina.com: Apache/2.0.54 (Unix)
www.ifeng.com: DnionOS/1.0
www.alibaba.com: Apache/2.0.59 (Unix) mod_AliCookie(for apache2.x)/1.1 aliBeacon/1.0 mod_jk/1.2.25
www.163.com: nginx
www.126.com: Apache
www.263.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.tom.com: Apache
www.qq.com: nginx/0.6.39
qzone.qq.com: Apache
www.hotmail.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.wordpress.com: nginx
mail.163.com: Apache
mail.sina.com: Apache/2.2.9 (FreeBSD) mod_ssl/2.2.9 OpenSSL/0.9.7e-p1 PHP/5.2.6 with Suhosin-Patch
mail.tom.com: Apache/1.3.41 (Unix)
blog.sina.com: nginx/0.7.62
blog.sohu.com: nginx
blog.163.com: nginx
blog.hexun.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.hackbase.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.mydrivers.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.enet.com.cn: Apache
www.cnzz.com: Apache/2.2.4 (Unix) PHP/5.2.4
www.soufun.com: BIG-IP
www.chinaz.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.51la.com: nginx/0.6.35
www.download.com: Apache/2.2
www.godaddy.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.answers.com: Apache
www.sourceforge.net: BigIP
www.gmail.com: gws
www.msn.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.cctv.com: Apache
www.xinhuanet.com: Apache
www.renren.com: nginx/0.7.64
www.kaixin001.com: Apache
www.hao123.com: lighttpd
www.114la.com: Apache
www.douban.com: nginx
www.wikimedia.com: Apache/1.3 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.8.28 OpenSSL/0.9.8f AuthPG/1.3 FrontPage/5.0.2.2635
www.jiangmin.com: DnionOS/1.0
www.rising.com.cn: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.kaspersky.com: nginx/0.8.15
www.kingsoft.com: Apache/2.0.53
www.avast.com: Apache
www.360.cn: Apache
www.micropoint.com.cn: Apache
www.free-av.com: Apache
www.avg.com: Apache
www.hexun.com: nginx
www.eastmoney.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.chinahr.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.51job.com: Apache/2.2.8 (Unix) PHP/5.2.5
www.zhaopin.com: Apache/1.3.37 (Unix)
www.taobao.com: Apache
www.paipai.com: nginx
www.dangdang.com: nginx/0.6.37
www.youku.com: Apache
www.tudou.com: tws/0.1
www.ku6.com: Apache
6.cn: nginx/0.6.14
www.cntv.cn: Apache
media.17173.com: Apache
www.gougou.com: Apache/2.2.8 (Unix) mod_fastcgi/2.4.6
www.xunlei.com: nginx/0.7.62
www.verycd.com: Apache
www.pps.tv: PPStream
www.tianya.cn: Microsoft-IIS/5.0
dzh.mop.com: Resin/3.0.19
www.pconline.com.cn: nginx
www.zol.com.cn: Apache
www.pcpop.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.it168.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.newhua.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.skycn.com: Apache
www.crsky.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.csdn.net: CWS/1.0.64
www.chinaitlab.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.51.com: Apache
www.58.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.jiayuan.com: nginx/0.7.62
www.marry5.com: Apache
www.icbc.com.cn: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.abchina.com: Microsoft-IIS/7.5
www.ccb.com: Apache
www.boc.cn: Microsoft-IIS/7.0
www.bankcomm.com: IBM_HTTP_SERVER
www.ebay.com: Apache-Coyote/1.1
www.myspace.com: Microsoft-IIS/7.5
www.aol.com: Apache-Coyote/1.1
www.cnn.com: Apache
www.reuters.com: Apache
www.wto.org: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.who.org: nginx/0.6.35
www.gov.cn: Apache
www.court.gov.cn: Apache/2.0.52 (CentOS)
www.moe.edu.cn: Apache/2.0.54 (Unix) mod_jk2/2.0.4
www.mps.gov.cn: IBM_HTTP_Server/6.0.2.23 Apache/2.0.47 (Win32)
www.most.gov.cn: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.pbc.gov.cn: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.moh.gov.cn: Apache/2.0.59 (Win32)
www.ccnt.gov.cn: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.mof.gov.cn: Apache/2.0.59 HP-UX_Apache-based_Web_Server (Unix) DAV/2
www.mod.gov.cn: Apache
www.microsoft.com: Microsoft-IIS/7.5
www.microsoft.com.cn: Microsoft-IIS/7.0
www.centos.org: Apache/2.0.52 (CentOS)
www.redhat.com: Apache
www.ubuntu.com: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) mod_python/3.3.1 Python/2.5.2 PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.9 with Suhosin-Patch mod_ssl/2.2.8 Ope
nSSL/0.9.8g
www.gentoo.org: Apache
www.debian.org: Apache/2.2.9 (Debian) mod_ssl/2.2.9 OpenSSL/0.9.8g
www.novell.com: Apache
www.slackware.com: Apache/1.3.27 (Unix) PHP/4.3.1
www.opensuse.org: Apache/2.2.10 (Linux/SUSE)
www.wikipedia.org: Apache
www.hp.com: Apache
www.dell.com: Microsoft-IIS/7.0
www.hitachi.com: Apache/2.2.11 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.11 OpenSSL/0.9.7d
www.toshiba.com: Sun-ONE-Web-Server/6.1
www.nokia.com: "Nokia"
www.sony.com: Apache
www.intel.com: IA Web Server/1.0
www.amd.com: AkamaiGHost
www.nvidia.com: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
www.sun.com: Sun-Java-System-Web-Server/7.0
www.ibm.com: IBM_HTTP_Server
--------------------------------------------
Total Apache IIS nginx other
134 64 30 19 21
100% 47.76% 22.38% 14.17% 15.67%
--------------------------------------------
統計的結果，似乎和實際使用情況還有些相近。是不是很簡單
![Apache配置SSLApache配置SSL[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)