天天看點

如何使用Hadoop讀寫資料庫

在我們的一些應用程式中,常常避免不了要與資料庫進行互動,而在我們的hadoop中,有時候也需要和資料庫進行互動,比如說,資料分析的結果存入資料庫,或者是,讀取資料庫的資訊寫入HDFS上,不過直接使用MapReduce操作資料庫,這種情況在現實開發還是比較少,一般我們會采用Sqoop來進行資料的遷入,遷出,使用Hive分析資料集,大多數情況下,直接使用Hadoop通路關系型資料庫,可能産生比較大的資料通路壓力,尤其是在資料庫還是單機的情況下,情況可能更加糟糕,在叢集的模式下壓力會相對少一些。 

那麼,今天散仙就來看下,如何直接使用Hadoop1.2.0的MR來讀寫操作資料庫,hadoop的API提供了DBOutputFormat和DBInputFormat這兩個類,來進行與資料庫互動,除此之外,我們還需要定義一個類似JAVA Bean的實體類,來與資料庫的每行記錄進行對應,通常這個類要實作Writable和DBWritable接口,來重寫裡面的4個方法以對應擷取每行記錄裡面的各個字段資訊。 

下面,我們先來看下如何使用MR來讀取資料庫的資料,并寫入HDFS上, 

資料表的截圖如下所示, 

實體類定義代碼:

<pre name="code" class="java">package com.qin.operadb; 

import java.io.DataInput; 

import java.io.DataOutput; 

import java.io.IOException; 

import java.sql.PreparedStatement; 

import java.sql.ResultSet; 

import java.sql.SQLException; 

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; 

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.db.DBWritable; 

/*** 

* 封裝資料庫實體資訊 

* 的記錄 

* 搜尋大資料技術交流群:376932160 

* **/ 

public class PersonRecoder implements Writable,DBWritable { 

public int id;//對應資料庫中id字段 

public String name;//對應資料庫中的name字段 

public int age;//對應資料庫中的age字段 

@Override 

public void readFields(ResultSet result) throws SQLException { 

this.id=result.getInt(1); 

this.name=result.getString(2); 

this.age=result.getInt(3); 

@Override 

public void write(PreparedStatement stmt) throws SQLException { 

stmt.setInt(1, id); 

stmt.setString(2, name); 

stmt.setInt(3, age); 

@Override 

public void readFields(DataInput arg0) throws IOException { 

// TODO Auto-generated method stub 

this.id=arg0.readInt(); 

this.name=Text.readString(arg0); 

this.age=arg0.readInt(); 

@Override 

public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException { 

// TODO Auto-generated method stub 

out.writeInt(id); 

Text.writeString(out, ​​this.name​​); 

out.writeInt(this.age); 

@Override 

public String toString() { 

// TODO Auto-generated method stub 

return "id: "+id+"  年齡: "+age+"   名字:"+name; 

</pre> 

MR類的定義代碼,注意是一個Map Only作業:

<pre name="code" class="java">package com.qin.operadb; 

import java.io.IOException; 

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; 

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem; 

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; 

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; 

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.IdentityReducer; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.db.DBConfiguration; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.db.DBInputFormat; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; 

public class ReadMapDB { 

/** 

* Map作業讀取資料記錄數 

* **/ 

private static class DBMap extends Mapper<LongWritable, PersonRecoder , LongWritable, Text>{ 

@Override 

protected void map(LongWritable key, PersonRecoder value,Context context) 

throws IOException, InterruptedException { 

context.write(new LongWritable(value.id), new Text(value.toString())); 

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { 

JobConf conf=new JobConf(ReadMapDB.class); 

//Configuration conf=new Configuration(); 

   // conf.set("mapred.job.tracker","192.168.75.130:9001"); 

//讀取person中的資料字段 

// conf.setJar("tt.jar"); 

//注意這行代碼放在最前面,進行初始化,否則會報 

DBConfiguration.configureDB(conf, "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver", "jdbc:mysql://192.168.211.36:3306/test", "root", "qin"); 

/**要讀取的字段資訊**/ 

String fileds[]=new String[]{"id","name","age"}; 

/**Job任務**/ 

Job job=new Job(conf, "readDB"); 

System.out.println("模式:  "+conf.get("mapred.job.tracker")); 

/**設定資料庫輸入格式的一些資訊**/ 

DBInputFormat.setInput(job, PersonRecoder.class, "person", null, "id", fileds); 

/***設定輸入格式*/ 

job.setInputFormatClass(DBInputFormat.class); 

job.setOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class); 

job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class); 

job.setMapperClass(DBMap.class); 

String path="hdfs://192.168.75.130:9000/root/outputdb"; 

FileSystem fs=FileSystem.get(conf); 

Path p=new Path(path); 

if(fs.exists(p)){ 

fs.delete(p, true); 

System.out.println("輸出路徑存在,已删除!"); 

FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,p ); 

System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);  

</pre> 

寫入到HDFS目錄下資料集:

讀取相對比較簡單,需要注意的第一注意JDBC的驅動jar包要在各個節點上分别上傳一份,第二是在main方法裡的驅動類的編寫順序,以及資料資訊的完整,才是正确連接配接資料庫并讀取的關鍵。

下面來看下,如何使用MR,分析完資料後的結果,寫入在資料庫中,散仙本篇測試的是一個簡單的WordCount的統計。我們先來看下資料庫表的資訊: 

實體類定義代碼:

<pre name="code" class="java">package com.qin.operadb; 

import java.io.DataInput; 

import java.io.DataOutput; 

import java.io.IOException; 

import java.sql.PreparedStatement; 

import java.sql.ResultSet; 

import java.sql.SQLException; 

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; 

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.db.DBWritable; 

public class WordRecoder implements Writable,DBWritable { 

public String word; 

public int count; 

@Override 

public void readFields(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException { 

this.word=rs.getString(1); 

this.count=rs.getInt(2); 

@Override 

public void write(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException { 

ps.setString(1, this.word); 

ps.setInt(2, this.count); 

@Override 

public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException { 

  this.word=Text.readString(in); 

  this.count=in.readInt(); 

@Override 

public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException { 

Text.writeString(out, this.word); 

out.writeInt(count); 

</pre> 

統計的2個檔案的内容所示:

MR的核心類代碼:

<pre name="code" class="java">package com.qin.operadb; 

import java.io.IOException; 

import java.util.StringTokenizer; 

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem; 

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; 

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable; 

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; 

import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.db.DBConfiguration; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.db.DBInputFormat; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.db.DBOutputFormat; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat; 

import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; 

public class WriteMapDB { 

private static class WMap extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>{ 

/*** 

* Mapper的參數類型介紹 

* K,V,K,V分别依次代表 

* Map作業輸入類型的K,輸入類型的V 

* 後面兩個是輸出類型的K,輸出類型的V 

* 後面的兩個與 context.write(word, one); 

* 的兩個參數是對應的 

* **/ 

private Text word=new Text(); 

private IntWritable one=new IntWritable(1); 

@Override 

protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value,Context context) 

throws IOException, InterruptedException { 

String line=value.toString(); 

//處理記事本UTF-8的BOM問題 

            if (line.getBytes().length > 0) { 

                if ((int) line.charAt(0) == 65279) { 

                    line = line.substring(1); 

                } 

            } 

StringTokenizer st=new StringTokenizer(line); 

while(st.hasMoreTokens()){ 

word.set(st.nextToken());//設定單詞 

context.write(word, one); 

/*** 

* 由于在reduce中,需要向資料庫裡寫入 

* 資料,是以跟combine,不能共用 

* ***/ 

private static class WCombine extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>{ 

@Override 

protected void reduce(Text text, Iterable<IntWritable> value,Context context) 

throws IOException, InterruptedException { 

int sum=0; 

for(IntWritable iw:value){ 

sum+=iw.get(); 

context.write(text, new IntWritable(sum)); 

/** 

* Reduce類 

* **/ 

private static class WReduce extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, WordRecoder, Text>{ 

@Override 

protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,Context context) 

throws IOException, InterruptedException { 

  int sum=0; 

  for(IntWritable s:values){ 

  sum+=s.get(); 

  } 

  WordRecoder wr=new WordRecoder(); 

  wr.word=key.toString(); 

  wr.count=sum; 

  //寫出到資料庫裡 

  context.write(wr, new Text()); 

public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { 

JobConf conf=new JobConf(WriteMapDB.class); 

//Configuration conf=new Configuration(); 

   // conf.set("mapred.job.tracker","192.168.75.130:9001"); 

//讀取person中的資料字段 

  //conf.setJar("tt.jar"); 

// conf.setNumReduceTasks(1); 

//注意這行代碼放在最前面,進行初始化,否則會報 

/**建立資料庫連接配接**/ 

DBConfiguration.configureDB(conf, "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver", "jdbc:mysql://192.168.211.36:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf-8", "root", "qin"); 

String fileds[]=new String[]{"word","count"}; 

Job job=new Job(conf, "writeDB"); 

System.out.println("運作模式:  "+conf.get("mapred.job.tracker")); 

/**設定輸出表的的資訊  第一個參數是job任務,第二個參數是表名,第三個參數字段項**/ 

DBOutputFormat.setOutput(job, "wordresult", fileds); 

/**設定DB的輸入路徑**/ 

job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class); 

/**設定DB的輸出路徑**/ 

job.setOutputFormatClass(DBOutputFormat.class); 

/***設定Reduce的個數為1,可以得到全局統計的數字 

* 但,需要注意,在分布式環境下,最好不要設定為1,Reduce的個數 

* 正是Hadoop并發能力的展現 

* **/ 

// job.setNumReduceTasks(1); 

/**設定輸出K路徑**/ 

job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class); 

/**設定輸出V路徑**/ 

job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class); 

/**設定Map類**/ 

job.setMapperClass(WMap.class); 

/**設定Combiner類**/ 

job.setCombinerClass(WCombine.class); 

/**設定Reduce類**/ 

job.setReducerClass(WReduce.class); 

/**設定輸入路徑*/ 

FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("hdfs://192.168.75.130:9000/root/input")); 

System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);  

</pre> 

運作狀态如下所示:

<pre name="code" class="java">運作模式:  192.168.75.130:9001 

14/03/26 20:26:59 WARN mapred.JobClient: Use GenericOptionsParser for parsing the arguments. Applications should implement Tool for the same. 

14/03/26 20:27:01 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 2 

14/03/26 20:27:01 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable 

14/03/26 20:27:01 WARN snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library not loaded 

14/03/26 20:27:01 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201403262328_0006 

14/03/26 20:27:02 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 0% reduce 0% 

14/03/26 20:27:10 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 50% reduce 0% 

14/03/26 20:27:11 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 100% reduce 0% 

14/03/26 20:27:18 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 100% reduce 33% 

14/03/26 20:27:19 INFO mapred.JobClient:  map 100% reduce 100% 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201403262328_0006 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 28 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Job Counters 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Launched reduce tasks=1 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     SLOTS_MILLIS_MAPS=10345 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Total time spent by all reduces waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Total time spent by all maps waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Launched map tasks=2 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Data-local map tasks=2 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     SLOTS_MILLIS_REDUCES=8911 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:   File Output Format Counters 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Bytes Written=0 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:   FileSystemCounters 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     FILE_BYTES_READ=158 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     HDFS_BYTES_READ=325 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     FILE_BYTES_WRITTEN=182065 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:   File Input Format Counters 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Bytes Read=107 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:   Map-Reduce Framework 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map output materialized bytes=164 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map input records=6 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Reduce shuffle bytes=164 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Spilled Records=24 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map output bytes=185 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Total committed heap usage (bytes)=336338944 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     CPU time spent (ms)=2850 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Combine input records=20 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     SPLIT_RAW_BYTES=218 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Reduce input records=12 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Reduce input groups=8 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Combine output records=12 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=464982016 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Reduce output records=8 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=2182836224 

14/03/26 20:27:20 INFO mapred.JobClient:     Map output records=20 

</pre> 

最後,我們就可以去資料庫裡,檢視統計的資訊了,截圖如下: