今天給大家帶來的是如何利用socket發送GET,POST請求。我借用燕十八老師封裝好的一個Http類給進行說明。
在日常程式設計中相信很多人和我一樣大部分時間是利用浏覽器向伺服器提出GET,POST請求,那麼可否利用其它方式提出GET,POST請求呢?答案必然是肯定的。了解過HTTP協定的人知道,浏覽器送出請求的實質是向伺服器發送一個請求資訊,這個請求資訊有請求行,請求頭,請求體(非必須)構成。伺服器根據請求資訊傳回一個響應資訊。連接配接斷開。
HTTP請求的格式如下所示:
[]
HTTP響應的格式與請求的格式十分相似:
[]
我們可以利用HTTP發送請求的原理,可以重新考慮利用socket發送HTTP請求。
Socket的英文原義是“孔”或“插座”。通常也稱作“套接字”,用于描述IP位址和端口,是一個通信鍊的句柄,可以用來實作不同虛拟機或不同計算機之間的通信。在Internet上的主機一般運作了多個服務軟體,同時提供幾種服務。每種服務都打開一個Socket,并綁定到一個端口上,不同的端口對應于不同的服務。如此看來,其實利用socket操作遠端檔案和讀寫本地的檔案一樣容易,把本地檔案看成通過硬體傳輸,遠端檔案通過網線傳輸就行了。
因而可以将發送請求的考慮成 建立連接配接->打開socket接口(fsockopen())->寫入請求(fwrite())->讀出響應(fread()->關閉檔案(fclose())。話不多說,直接上代碼:
interface Proto {
// 連接配接url
function conn($url);
//發送get查詢
function get();
// 發送post查詢
function post();
// 關閉連接配接
function close();
}
class Http implements Proto {
const CRLF = "\r\n";
protected $errno = -1;
protected $errstr = '';
protected $response = '';
protected $url = null;
protected $version = 'HTTP/1.1';
protected $fh = null;
protected $line = array();
protected $header = array();
protected $body = array();
public function __construct($url) {
$this->conn($url);
$this->setHeader('Host: ' . $this->url['host']);
}
// 此方法負責寫請求行
protected function setLine($method) {
$this->line[0] = $method . ' ' . $this->url['path'] . '?' .$this->url['query'] . ' '. $this->version;
}
// 此方法負責寫頭資訊
public function setHeader($headerline) {
$this->header[] = $headerline;
}
// 此方法負責寫主體資訊
protected function setBody($body) {
$this->body[] = http_build_query($body);
}
// 連接配接url
public function conn($url) {
$this->url = parse_url($url);
// 判斷端口
if(!isset($this->url['port'])) {
$this->url['port'] = 80;
}
// 判斷query
if(!isset($this->url['query'])) {
$this->url['query'] = '';
}
$this->fh = fsockopen($this->url['host'],$this->url['port'],$this->errno,$this->errstr,3);
}
//構造get請求的資料
public function get() {
$this->setLine('GET');
$this->request();
return $this->response;
}
// 構造post查詢的資料
public function post($body = array()) {
$this->setLine('POST');
// 設計content-type
$this->setHeader('Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
// 設計主體資訊,比GET不一樣的地方
$this->setBody($body);
// 計算content-length
$this->setHeader('Content-length: ' . strlen($this->body[0]));
$this->request();
return $this->response;
}
// 真正請求
public function request() {
// 把請求行,頭資訊,實體資訊 放在一個數組裡,便于拼接
$req = array_merge($this->line,$this->header,array(''),$this->body,array(''));
//print_r($req);
$req = implode(self::CRLF,$req);
//echo $req; exit;
fwrite($this->fh,$req);
while(!feof($this->fh)) {
$this->response .= fread($this->fh,1024);
}
$this->close(); // 關閉連接配接
}
// 關閉連接配接
public function close() {
fclose($this->fh);
}
}
利用此類發送一個簡單的GET請求:
//記得引用Http類
$url="http://home.jb51.net/u/DeanChopper/";
$http=new Http($url);
$response=$http->get();
print_r($response);
傳回值為資訊,可以對響應資訊進行進一步處理,得到自己想得到的内容。
我們來看下一個具體的執行個體
class Http{
private $sp = "\r\n"; //這裡必須要寫成雙引号
private $protocol = 'HTTP/1.1';
private $requestLine = "";
private $requestHeader = "";
private $requestBody = "";
private $requestInfo = "";
private $fp = null;
private $urlinfo = null;
private $header = array();
private $body = "";
private $responseInfo = "";
private static $http = null; //Http對象單例
private function __construct() {}
public static function create() {
if ( self::$http === null ) {
self::$http = new Http();
}
return self::$http;
}
public function init($url) {
$this->parseurl($url);
$this->header['Host'] = $this->urlinfo['host'];
return $this;
}
public function get($header = array()) {
$this->header = array_merge($this->header, $header);
return $this->request('GET');
}
public function post($header = array(), $body = array()) {
$this->header = array_merge($this->header, $header);
if ( !empty($body) ) {
$this->body = http_build_query($body);
$this->header['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
$this->header['Content-Length'] = strlen($this->body);
}
return $this->request('POST');
}
private function request($method) {
$header = "";
$this->requestLine = $method.' '.$this->urlinfo['path'].'?'.$this->urlinfo['query'].' '.$this->protocol;
foreach ( $this->header as $key => $value ) {
$header .= $header == "" ? $key.':'.$value : $this->sp.$key.':'.$value;
}
$this->requestHeader = $header.$this->sp.$this->sp;
$this->requestInfo = $this->requestLine.$this->sp.$this->requestHeader;
if ( $this->body != "" ) {
$this->requestInfo .= $this->body;
}
$port = isset($this->urlinfo['port']) ? isset($this->urlinfo['port']) : '80';
$this->fp = fsockopen($this->urlinfo['host'], $port, $errno, $errstr);
if ( !$this->fp ) {
echo $errstr.'('.$errno.')';
return false;
}
if ( fwrite($this->fp, $this->requestInfo) ) {
$str = "";
while ( !feof($this->fp) ) {
$str .= fread($this->fp, 1024);
}
$this->responseInfo = $str;
}
fclose($this->fp);
return $this->responseInfo;
}
private function parseurl($url) {
$this->urlinfo = parse_url($url);
}
}
// $url = "http://news.163.com/14/1102/01/AA0PFA7Q00014AED.html";
$url = "http://localhost/httppro/post.php";
$http = Http::create()->init($url);
echo $http->post(array(
'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36',
), array('username'=>'發一個中文', 'age'=>22));