94 Pingying Regiment During the Opium War from 1840 to 1842, the spontaneous anti-British organization of the people in the Sanyuanli area on the outskirts of Guangzhou dealt a heavy blow to the British invading army.
95 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom In 1851, Hong Xiuquan, Yang Xiuqing, and others revolted in Jintian Village, Guiping, Guangxi, and established the name "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom". In 1852, the Taiping Army left Guangxi and entered Hunan and Hubei. In 1853, through Jiangxi and Anhui, Nanjing was conquered and the capital was established in Nanjing. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom peasant movement dealt a heavy blow to the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty. In 1864, under the joint attack of the Qing Dynasty army and the invading armies of Britain, the United States, France and other countries, it was finally defeated.
96 Boxer Rebellion The Boxer Rebellion was originally a secret civil association of peasants, craftsmen and other working people in Shandong, Zhili and other places, originally known as Hequan, and renamed the Boxer Rebellion in 1899. In the spring of 1900 (Gengzi), the Boxers carried out a fierce anti-imperialist struggle in north China, northeast China, and Beijing-Tianjin, with the call of "supporting the Qing Dynasty and destroying the oceans", which aroused great fear from imperialism. In June of that year, Britain, France, the United States, Japan, Russia, Germany, Italy, and Austria formed an invading coalition and attacked Tianjin and Beijing in the name of protecting the embassy. Beijing was captured on August 14. The Qing government begged for peace with imperialism and signed the humiliating Treaty of Xinugu with the great powers in 1901.
97 The Red Gun Society of Henan The Red Gun Society, the Boxer Rebellion and the Eight Seals Sect are all descendants of the "White Lotus Sect". Believe that divine magic and swallowing charms can resist bullets. At that time, many farmers in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi and other provinces participated. It played a certain role in defending against bandits and refusing to pay the harsh taxes and fees of the official office. However, because of superstition, backwardness, and its leaders are mostly landlords and squires, they are often used by warlords and official offices. In 1926, Wu Peifu used the Red Gun Society to drive the Nationalist Second Army out of Henan.
98 Wu Peifu and Xiao Yaonan Wu Peifu see Note 44. Xiao Yaonan was a general under Wu Peifu and served as the overseer of Hubei Province at the time.
99 Nationalist Second Army In October 1924, during the Zhifeng War, Feng Yuxiang and others rebelled against Wu (Pei Fu) and changed their units to the Nationalist Army. Feng served as commander-in-chief and commander of the First Army, Hu Jingyi was the Second Army, and Sun Yue was the Third Army. In December of that year, the Nationalist Second Army entered Henan, and Hu also served as the military governor of Henan. At that time, Li Dazhao successively sent CPC members Liu Tianzhang, Qu Wu, and Xu Xiangqian to work in the Nationalist Second Army. The Soviet Union also sent a military advisory group of more than 40 people, led by Scaroff, to aid the Nationalist Second Army. Later, due to the death of Hu Jingyi, his successor Yue Weijun's attitude toward the revolution and the CCP changed, and this work of transforming the Nationalist Second Army did not achieve much success. Both the Nationalist Second Army and Wu Peifu, who was attacking the Nationalist Army at the time, were equally opposed to the CCP-led peasant movement.
100 Mingyang Suspected to be a mistake of "Xingyang". According to the historical records of the agricultural movement, by April 1926, only four counties in Henan had established peasant associations, namely Xinyang, Xuchang, Xingyang and Qixian.
101 Directly under the name of the old province. In the Ming Dynasty, the areas directly under the Jing Division were directly subordinate, and there were direct subordinations to the south and north. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the south was directly subordinated to Jiangnan Province; the north was directly subordinate to the province. It was directly under the jurisdiction of the province, equivalent to the two cities of present-day Beijing and Tianjin, most of Hebei Province, and parts of Henan and Shandong. In 1928, the province was renamed Hebei Province, and the jurisdiction was also changed.
102 Reduction of the Peasant Wager The Declaration of the First Congress of the Kuomintang stated: "The Kuomintang advocates that the peasants lack land and become sharecroppers, and that the state should give land to them for farming." The resolution of the peasant movement adopted by the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang also stipulates: "Reduce the time spent working in the peasants and increase the wages of the peasants"; "Quickly sort out the cultivated land, rectify the water conservancy, and improve agriculture"; "clear up the official famine and distribute it to the unemployed poor peasants." ”
103 The nine members of the Standing Committee are: Wang Zhaoming (Jingwei), Tan Pingshan, Tan Yan, Chiang Kai-shek, Lin Zuhan (Boqu), Yang Zai'an, Hu Hanmin, Chen Gongbo, and Gan Naiguang.