Songjiang's good seed method focuses on the new model of seed source fishery

Aquatic fine species Tuantou bream "Pujiang No. 1" radiates the whole country to take root and blossom, once extinct historical songjiang sea bass reappeared in the rivers and lakes, Songjiang specialty "HuangpuJiang hairy crab" has become a famous brand of Shanghai real estate river crab, and the "indigenous" fish group of Huangpu River such as the puffed bream has grown strongly... Located in the upper reaches of the confluence of the yangtze river outlet and the light waters, Songjiang has natural conditions suitable for the growth, migration and reproduction of fish, and this famous Jiangnan fish and rice town has rich and unique aquatic germplasm resources.

Fishermen want to get rich by raising fish "Pujiang No. 1" is the way out

Songjiang District Aquatic Technology Extension Station's scientific research base Songjiang District Aquatic Seed Farm is the only state-level aquatic seed farm in Shanghai, which is famous for cultivating aquatic seed tuantou bream "Pujiang No. 1". As of 2020, the aquaculture breeding farm in Songjiang District has promoted the aquaculture area of Tuantou bream "Pujiang No. 1" to more than 20 provinces across the country for a total of 250,000 mu, with a new output value of 1.2 billion yuan, a new profit of 290 million yuan, and 24,000 jobs.

Tuantou bream, native to the Yangtze River, tender and delicious meat, is one of the freshwater fish that the people like to eat, but since the 1980s and 1990s, there have been signs of germplasm degradation, with poor meat quality and low breeding efficiency. To this end, Shanghai Ocean University uses scientific breeding methods to carefully breed 16 years to obtain a new variety of high-quality Tuantou bream , "Pujiang No. 1", which is more than 29% faster than the traditional Tuantou bream. In 2000, it was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture as an excellent variety suitable for promotion. In the same year, the Songjiang District Aquatic Breeding Farm introduced 3,000 groups of Tuantou bream "Pujiang No. 1" parents to start artificial breeding, kicking off the prelude to the promotion of Tuantou Bream "Pujiang No. 1". By 2003, after three years of hard work, 90 million Tutuan "Pujiang No. 1" Wuzai and 600 million self-breeding fry were bred.

In the past 20 years, Songjiang District Aquatic Products Fine Seed Farm has actively carried out technological innovation, continuously improved the technical process, and successively undertaken a number of provincial and ministerial scientific research projects such as "Tuantou Bream "Pujiang No. 1" Standardized Production Technology Integration Demonstration" and "Tuantou Bream "Pujiang No. 1" Breeding Standardization Demonstration Zone Construction", among which "Tuantou Bream" Pujiang No. 1 "Standardized Production Technology Integration Demonstration" won the second prize of the 2011-2013 National Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Harvest Award. After continuous scientific and technological research, the selection and breeding technology of Tuantou Bream "Pujiang No. 1" is better, the quality of good products is more pure, and the product quality is better. At the same time, the farm actively carries out brand building, strictly controls the quality, so that "Songjiang fish fry" is well-known throughout the country, producing 200 million Fish Fry of Tuantou Bream "Pujiang No. 1" every year, cultivating 30 million Wuzai, and promoting it to more than 20 provinces such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Sichuan, Hebei, Fujian, Guangdong and Xinjiang.

The person in charge of the aquatic breeding farm in Songjiang District told reporters that there is such a smooth sentence among the farmers: "Fishermen want to get rich by raising fish, and 'Pujiang No. 1' is the way out." "Tuantou bream" Pujiang No. 1 has thus become another good seed in Songjiang that radiates throughout the country and produces huge social and economic benefits after the rice seed "Lao Lai Qing".

Successful artificial breeding of Songjiang perch "re-emerges"

Songjiang perch, also known as "four gill perch", ranked first among the "four major freshwater famous fish in China", is a collection of rare fish resources, long history and high economic value as one of the precious aquatic product species. After the 1970s, due to the construction of a large number of water conservancy facilities and the blocking of its migration route, coupled with the deterioration of water quality and many other reasons, Songjiang perch was difficult to find in Shanghai, and once disappeared.

In 2006, the scientific and technological personnel of the Songjiang District Aquatic Technology Extension Station were duty-bound to shoulder the burden of restoring this historical property. In 2010, the promotion station carried out the Shanghai Key Research Project of Science and Technology to Revitalize Agriculture in Songjiang District, "Research on Large-scale Breeding Technology of Songjiang Perch", and by 2012, it had overcome a series of technical problems such as broodstock breeding, artificial breeding, water quality control, ecological simulation, etc., and artificial breeding was successful, and the precious species of Songjiang sea bass was restored. From 2016 to 2017, it also undertook the Shanghai Key Research Project of Science and Technology Revitalization of Agriculture "Development and Research on Artificial Feed Breeding Technology of Songjiang Perch" and made a major breakthrough, breaking through key technologies such as artificial compound feed screening, feed domestication, water quality management, etc., screening out micro-sac series feed suitable for each growth stage of Songjiang perch, overcoming the problem of Songjiang perch only feeding live bait, successfully realizing artificial compound feed culture and reducing cost by more than 40%, laying an important foundation for large-scale breeding of Songjiang perch.

The "re-emergence" of Songjiang perch also provides a material basis for the proliferation of Songjiang perch germplasm resources. Since 2013, the Songjiang District Aquatic Products Breeding Farm has participated in the "Rare and Endangered Species Breeding and Stocking Activity" organized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Shanghai Municipality every year, and by 2020, a total of 300,000 high-quality Songjiang perch adults have been released into the Yangtze River, which has played an active role in the protection of Songjiang perch germplasm resources and the restoration of fishery resources in the Yangtze River.

Good breeding of excellent products Huangpu River hairy crab is well-known in Shanghai

Today, the elderly citizens of Shanghai still remember the delicious Huangpu River hairy crabs of the 1970s with "green back, white navel, golden claw and yellow hair". However, since the 1980s, due to the construction of waterway gates, the deterioration of water quality and many other reasons, it has gradually become difficult to find traces of this characteristic aquatic resource of the Songjiang River in the Huangpu River.

Since 2007, Songjiang District Aquatic Technology Promotion Station has led and guided Shanghai Yuyue, Shanghai Kunxiu and other aquatic professional cooperatives, with the help of the Shanghai River Crab Industry System platform, to accelerate technology research and development and large-scale promotion, undertook the National Spark Program project "High-quality River Crab Pond Ecological Breeding and Processing Waste Utilization Technology Integration and Demonstration" and the Municipal Science and Technology Commission Key Research Project "High-quality River Crab Pond Ecological Cultivation Technology Research and Demonstration". Through more than ten years of exploration, research and promotion, the "Songjiang Model" of high-quality and large-scale ecological breeding of hairy crabs in the Huangpu River was finally formed with the technical characteristics of "rare crab species, fine aquatic weeds, three-dimensional oxygenation, and optimized bait", and successfully restored this Songjiang characteristic aquatic product that is widely loved by the public.

Since 2010, the Huangpu River hairy crab has won the Golden Crab Award, the Best Taste Award, the Best Germplasm Award and other major awards in the National River Crab Competition, becoming the leader of the local river crab in Shanghai. At the same time, we actively explore the international market, and our products are exported to Japan, South Korea and other markets, and the response is enthusiastic.

In recent years, the Songjiang District Aquatic Technology Promotion Station has invested the focus of the breakthrough of the Hairy Crab Industry in the Huangpu River into the introduction of high-quality river crab seeds. Since 2018, the seventh generation of river crab varieties - "Jianghai 21" has been promoted in the whole region, which has raised the quality of hairy crabs in the Huangpu River to a higher level. Since 2019, the Songjiang District Aquatic Technology Promotion Station has developed the breeding technology of "June Yellow" of hairy crabs in the Huangpu River, which has increased the production and economic benefits of the cooperative, and met the needs of consumers to taste the early, "June Yellow" was welcomed by the market after listing, and the supply exceeded demand.

Seed preservation + stocking Restoration of indigenous fish fingerlings in the Huangpu River

The Huangpu River is the mother river of Shanghai and is rich in indigenous fish resources. However, with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the water quality of the Huangpu River has been seriously affected, and the species and numbers of indigenous fish have gradually become scarce. In recent years, the Songjiang District Aquatic Technology Extension Station attaches great importance to the collection and conservation of indigenous fish species in the Huangpu River and carries out a series of scientific research work.

It is an important resource for indigenous fish in the Huangpu River, and with the increasing pollution of water quality, the resources are slowly depleting. To this end, since 2012, the Songjiang District Aquatic Technology Extension Station has carried out the conservation and breeding of the aquatic seed farm Wukui Base. By collecting the parents of the sturgeon in different water systems, the differences between the phenotypic traits of the hydrangea sturgeon in the Huangpu River and other aquatic sturgeon populations were studied to achieve the purpose of improving germplasm purity. From 2013 to 2016, the farm undertook the Shanghai Science and Technology Revitalization Agricultural Seed Industry Development Project "Collection, Evaluation and Breeding Group Construction of Breeding Group Of Cockpit Breeding Resources", which for the first time created a new breeding pattern from multi-water system and multi-group germplasm resource collection, to germplasm evaluation and screening, to breeding group construction, and also established a new breeding pattern of breeding and breeding of good seeds while breeding, production and application, and generating benefits. After nearly four years of research, a new technology for the selection and breeding of the Huangpu River water system has been successfully developed.

Through the exploration of growth comparison tests, breeding group construction and other technologies, after three generations of selective breeding, the growth group of Huangpu River warbler has been cultivated, and the current growth is good. At the same time, the Songjiang District Aquatic Technology Extension Station has carried out a series of experiments on the indigenous fish of the Huangpu River such as Chinese carp, Shatang fish and Qingzi fish through fishing collection and introduction methods, and has achieved phased results, which is expected to restore the resources of the indigenous fish of the Huangpu River through the release of the Huangpu River in the near future.

The reporter learned that at present, Songjiang has successfully completed the work of the census stage of the basic situation of aquatic germplasm resources. Next, we will further enhance the independent innovation ability of the seed industry, increase the development of characteristic germplasm resources, and strive to form a number of new varieties and new varieties with independent intellectual property rights, so as to provide a strong support for the high-quality development of Songjiang green aquatic products.

Author: Correspondent Huang Di Bi Detail Han Zhong Reporter Ouyang Leinen

Source: Oriental Urban and Rural Daily