Famous mountain scenic area.
Fengdu has a long history, once known as "BaziBedu", since ancient times, it has the reputation of "the left guard of Zhuangfu Pass, the upper reaches of the Linjiang River". Famous mountain scenic spots are well-known at home and abroad, "Fengdu Ghost City" is famous all over the world, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Rui, Wang Yuanhan, Lang Chengyi... Generations of celebrities and feathers have flocked to the scene, and they have either enjoyed the lyrics in the coming year or written poems, leaving behind layers of footprints and thick history and culture.
But you know what? Fengdu "Ghost Capital" was originally a Taoist cave heavenly blessing land, and the famous mountain had another name. So, what kind of historical changes has the Millennium Fengdu experienced? What kind of style did the poets of all generations write about? In August, the reporter traveled to the local area to trace the footsteps of celebrities and celebrities of past generations, trying to uncover the hidden cultural code of fengdu, a thousand-year-old city, from the good sentences they wrote down.
The famous mountain is named after the Dongpo verse
On August 10, at the gate of the Fengdu Famous Mountain Scenic Area, tourists lined up in a dense queue. Up the stone staircase, the road is lined with lush greenery, and the pavilions stand on the mountain. Climb to the highest point of the famous mountain, the Yangtze River haohao soup, rushing through, the opposite mountains undulating, layers of greenery.
"Fengdu Famous Mountain was originally called Pingdu Mountain." Fengdu County folklore scholar Zheng Ruishun said. According to the "Chronicle of Fengdu County", Pingdu Mountain "ruled the northeast for one mile." Stone paths are haunting, forests and trees are beautiful, and Fan Yu is emerging. The old zhi is called the blessed land of Pingdu, the residence of the true immortals of the Purple House."
In 198 AD, Zhang Lu, the grandson of Zhang Daoling, the founder of Taoism, established the Taoist "PingduZhi" in Fengdu, which the Taoists listed as "thirty-six cave heavens and one of the seventy-two blessed lands". Folk legend has it that the Han Dynasty Fangshi Yin Changsheng and Wang Fangping once cultivated into immortals on Pingdu Mountain. Since then, the name of The Immortal Mountain of Pingdu Mountain has been far and wide.
Historical records record that during the heyday, there were 75 large Taoist temples on Pingdu Mountain, with thousands of statues, temples, pavilions and arches. The four literati and inkers admired Pingdu Mountain and flocked to them.
The earliest verses of The Yin Yong Fengdu are related to Pingdu Mountain.
According to incomplete statistics from the local department of culture and history, there are nearly 100 ancient poems describing Fengdu in the past. According to folklore, the earliest ancient poem describing Fengdu was the "Pingdu Mountain" written by the Qingcheng Daoist priest of the Tang Dynasty:
Wan Lingfeng inserted Taiqing,
Magu once met Fang Ping here.
One goes from the feast to the clouds,
The Jade Hall ZhuLou is empty and the moon is bright.
The life of the Qingcheng Daoist can no longer be verified, but his sentence "Wan LingFeng Zhong TaiQing" vividly depicts the dangers, shows and wonders of Pingdu Mountain.
In fact, Pingdu Mountain, as a blessed land of the Immortal Mountains, has always been favored by poets of all generations. Among them, there is Su Shi father and son.
In the fourth year of the Reign of Emperor Renzong of Song (1059 AD), the Northern Song Dynasty scholar Su Shi, together with his father Su Xun and brother Su Rui, went from his hometown to Beijing, passed through Fengdu, and climbed Pingdu Mountain.
(i)
Foot Foot Pingdu Ancient Cave Heaven,
This body is not aware of the clouds.
Look up at Qiankun,
The sun, moon and stars are at my disposal.
(ii)
Pingdu world ancient famous mountains,
Confident mountain years idle.
The noon dream is awakened with the dove,
Early Morning listened to the deer to urge the class.
In his poem, Su Shi described the high terrain of Pingdu Mountain and its neighbors with the sky, expressing his feelings of happiness when he landed on the top of Pingdu Mountain, and called Pingdu Mountain "the ancient famous mountain under the world". "Since then, people have changed Fengdu Pingdu Mountain to 'Famous Mountain', which is still in use today." Zheng Ruishun said.
The place to enter and exit Bashu was once full of stars
In the more than 1900 years of Fengdu County, Li Shangyin and Du Guangting in the Tang Dynasty, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Rui, Fan Chengda and others in the Song Dynasty all wrote moving poems related to Fengdu.
Li Shangyin, who was jointly known as "Little Li Du" with Du Mu, expressed his feeling of attachment to his friends in the poem "Sending Fengdu Li Wei" with a sentence that "the ancient merchants are on the ground, relying on the jun to cry on the road".
Fan Chengda, a famous southern Song Dynasty minister who also toured Pingdu Mountain, used the verse "Xia Shan forcing the Min River to be the ancient inscription of Donggong Fudi" in the poem "Pingdu Guan", showing the heavenly blessing and dangerous and strange beauty of pingdu cave.
Lu You, a southern Song Dynasty master and known as "Little Li Bai", was ordered to the front line to resist Jin and save the country, he went up against the water, and when he crossed the Fengdu, he left a poem "Pingdu Mountain" (another said to be written by Zhang Yuzhang in the Qing Dynasty), in which the sentence "Famous Mountains Near the River, Wax Sands Have to Idle" echoes with Su Dongpo's "Pingdu Ancient Famous Mountains under heaven", the two are considered to be "heroes see slightly the same", but also express Lu You's respect for his predecessors.
Why does Fengdu attract so many literati and inkers?
"In addition to the magnificent mountains, what is more important is its geographical location." Zhang Xueqi, former vice chairman of the Fengdu County Writers Association, said that there are two important passages in and out of the Sichuan Basin since ancient times, one is the Jinniu Road from Chengdu to the north, through the Guangyuan River out of the River to cross the Daba Mountain; the other is a waterway down the Yangtze River and through the Three Gorges to the east. Compared with the land route that Li Bai lamented that "Shu Road is difficult", the Yangtze River waterway was relatively efficient and convenient, and the Yangtze River at that time was like a water highway. Fengdu, located in the heart of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, happens to be the only place to enter and exit Bashu.
Therefore, from the Tang and Song dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, Fengdu can be said to be a shining star, a large number of literati repeatedly chanted here, and the Huazhang sentence inscriptions continued.
Why did Dong Tianfudi become a "Nether Ghost Capital"?
"Alchemy is blessed with this saga, and the nether realm is not as good as the upper realm." If it comes to the affairs of the Immortal Palace, Han Yuyuan is willing to be Yan Luo. Absurd talk about ghosts and ghosts, sword trees, knives and mountain fruits. Mo is too dangerous to be in the world, but will be hell flat. This poem on current affairs is the "Drama Of Fengdu County" written by the Qing Dynasty poet Bei Qingqiao.
There is not much record in the local historical records about this Bei Qingqiao, "only that he was a poet of the late Qing Dynasty, and his poetry style was cold and spicy." Gan Xifan, an expert in literature and history in Fengdu County, said, "The poem satirizes the practice of the world in 'pretending to be a god and making a ghost' in Pingdu Mountain, Fengdu, which shows that in the Qing Dynasty, the term 'ghost city' in Fengdu had become popular." ”
But as early as the Han Dynasty, Pingdu Mountain was one of the Taoist "Thirty-six Cave Heavens, Seventy-two Blessed Lands". Why, after thousands of years, Pingdu Mountain has become a "ghost capital"?
"According to folk legends, the Han Dynasty Fangshi Yin Changsheng and Wang Fangping once cultivated into immortals on Pingdu Mountain, and people pronounced their surnames 'Yin and Wang' as 'Yin King', and over time, they were mistaken for 'King of Hades', so Fengdu was regarded as the ghost capital." Fengdu locals say so.
However, is "Fengdu Ghost Town" really a slip of the tongue?
Tao Shu, a heavy minister of The Qing Dynasty, put forward a different opinion in the poem "Wangyin Wangshan in the Capital of The Capital":
The real people in the government are slim,
Summoning who to ask the King of Yin.
The flat boat passed before the mountain on this day,
Only to see the sunset hanging in the forest.
The sentence "Rumor who to blackmail and ask the Yin King" explains that there is another reason for the origin of the "Fengdu Ghost City".
"In fact, the 'Fengdu Ghost Town' culture is a folk culture based on Pingdu Mountain as the carrier, centering on the construction and inheritance of folk beliefs." Chen Shisong, a researcher at the Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, said that Fengdu County has changed its name many times in history, and Fengdu was called "Pingdu County" in the second year of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor Yongyuan (90 AD). In the second year of the Sui Gong Emperor Yining (618 AD), he was separated from Linjiang County (present-day Zhong County) and a separate county, and people took the character for "豐" in Pingdu Mountain and the "capital" character for Pingdu Mountain, and renamed "Pingdu County" to "Hongdu County". In the thirteenth year of Ming Hongwu (1380 AD), Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict to change "Fengdu County" to "Fengdu County". In 1958, "Fengdu County" was renamed "Fengdu County" to the present.
"The ming dynasty name change is an important turning point." Chen Shisong said that first of all, the belief in witches and ghosts in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River and the legend of Yin and Wang cultivating into immortals laid the cornerstone for the belief system of Fengdu Ghost City. Second, "Luo Du", "Bei Luo Feng", "Bei Feng" and "Feng Du" are all the names of hell and hell in Taoist legends, and people may subconsciously understand "Feng Du" as "Feng Du" at that time. Third, Zhu Yuanzhang, out of the need to educate the people and consolidate political power, changed "Fengdu County" to "Fengdu County", which promoted the formation of the folk culture of "Fengdu Ghost Town". In addition, the literary works of the Ming and Qing dynasties, such as "Journey to the West", "Yu Shi Mingyan", "Liaozhai Zhiyi", "Fengshen Yanyi", etc., depicted the "Fengdu Ghost City" concretely and vividly, and the "Fengdu Ghost City" was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
"The 'Ghost Town of Fengdu' culture is a kind of folk belief, an organic part of traditional Chinese culture and a unique way of expression, and has played a role in standardizing morality, maintaining people's hearts and inheriting culture in the history of the Chinese nation." Zhou Yong, president of the Chongqing Local History Research Association and professor at Southwest University, said that in recent years, the Fengdu County Party Committee and County Government have given new meanings to traditional culture, and put forward the era value of "promoting good, punishing evil, justice, and harmony" in the ghost city culture.
Nowadays, strolling through the streets and alleys of Fengdu, you can see the handwriting of the contemporary calligrapher Mr. Li Banli with the inscription of the "Only Good Present" group of characters, and the four characters have a "mouth" part, which is intended to advocate harmony and goodness in the world.
"At present, we are focusing on creating a national 5A-level scenic spot for famous mountains." The relevant person in charge of the Propaganda Department of the Fengdu County Party Committee said, "Fengdu will vigorously inherit and carry forward the era value of folk culture, and transform the research results into practical results of propaganda, culture, tourism and economic development." ”
The pictures in this edition are all taken by reporter Cui Li