Qin Shi Huang Win Zheng, Win surname, Zhao clan, Ming Zheng (a name "Zheng"), also known as Zhao Zheng, Zu Long, etc., qin zhuang xiang wang and zhao ji's son. Qin Shi Huang was born in handan (present-day Handan), the capital of the Zhao state, and returned to the Qin state. In 247 BC, the 13-year-old Qin Shi Huang succeeded to the throne; in 238 BC, he quelled the rebellion of the Marquis of Changxin, and then removed the powerful minister Lü Buwei and began to pro-government.
Later, he reused Li Si and Wei Ji, and from 230 BC to 221 BC, he successively destroyed the six kingdoms of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, and Qi, completing the great cause of unifying China and establishing a centralized multi-ethnic state, the Qin Dynasty.
Speaking of Qin Shi Huang, he is a big figure that everyone in China knows.
We have known since childhood that he built the world-famous Great Wall, and the famous Terracotta Warriors and Horses at home and abroad are also related to him. Later, when we grew up, we learned that during the Warring States period, various forces competed for hegemony, and the world was disturbed, and in the end, it was Qin Shi Huang who destroyed all the powerful monarchs and overlords one by one, completed the great unification, and brought most of today's China under his orders.
Therefore, qin shi huang's merit is not only that he ended the chaotic situation in the central plains since the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, but also that he laid a not small territory for future generations. Although the Qin Dynasty was destroyed by the second dynasty, the Han, Tang, and even more distant Ming and Qing dynasties after the Qin Dynasty were based on the thirty-six counties of the Qin Dynasty, and gradually expanded outwards, thus dominating the East Asian region for a while, so it is said that Qin Shi Huang brought infinite glory to our Chinese nation.
However, because during his reign, he attacked Baiyue in the south and resisted the Xiongnu in the north, doing too many things and taking too many steps, which eventually led to popular resentment. During his reign, the people still dared to be angry, and the empire was able to maintain balance to a certain extent. However, when the second emperor succeeded to the throne, Hu Hai did not have the courage and ability of his father, and the world was full of chaos.
Therefore, some people have rated Qin Shi Huang as "the king of the subjugated country", but in my opinion, this statement is unfair.
Taking a longer-term view, we will find that the later Emperor Wudi of han, who was equally famous with him, did some things that seemed to be no different from his. It was also a good great achievement, sending troops everywhere to conquer the barbarian land, and in the end, Emperor Wu of Han squandered all the family funds accumulated by the two emperors of Wenjing. For the sake of war, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty continued to increase taxes from the people in various names, which also made the lives of ordinary people quite difficult.
Although in his later years, Emperor Wudi of han realized his previous absurdity, issued a "self-condemnation" and made self-criticism, but the mistake has been cast, what is the effect of this?
However, people's evaluation of Emperor Wu of Han was significantly higher than that of Qin Shi Huang. So, why?
That's because we put a lot of the responsibility that should be Hu Hai on Qin Shi Huang. You know, although Qin Shi Huang was tyrannical, he could calm the situation, but Qin II did not have any ability to govern the country at all, but simply ascended to the position of Ninth Five-Year for the sake of glory, plus, he would not appoint talents at all, so why should the Great Qin Empire not die?
Therefore, strictly speaking, Hu Hai was the "king of the subjugated country" of the Qin Dynasty.
We have a saying called "reverse taking and keeping", which means that the monarch who started a business, because the situation is difficult, when doing things, can not be too thoughtful, it is inevitable to use some rough means. However, when the world has been decided and the place is fine, the people sitting in the country and mountains can no longer come like this. Instead, we should adopt some more gentle policies, slowly make up for some previous mistakes, and appease the people, so that the national fortune can be long-lasting.
If, according to this standard, then, Qin Shi Huang did not do anything wrong, he could only sing blackface in that position, and even arranged for someone who could sing whiteface in the future, that is, Gongzi Fusu. According to historical records, Gongzi Fusu was a benevolent man. If he became the second leader of the Qin state and laid such a good foundation for him with his father, he would certainly have done a great job.
Qin Shi Huang was such a "cruel" monarch, but he chose a son with a very different personality from his personality to serve as the heir, which shows that Qin Shi Huang is still very aware of the principle of "taking things against the grain". If history can develop as Qin Shi Huang arranged in advance, then it is very likely that the Qin State will not talk about ten thousand generations and persist for three or four hundred years like the Han Dynasty. However, unexpectedly, things went wrong, and it was Hu Hai who succeeded him.
Hu Hai did not know these truths at all, and it was Zhao Gao who appointed him. A dark prince and a traitorous courtier, not only did they not adjust the harsh policies of the Qin Shi Huang period in time, but on the contrary, they intensified their efforts. In the end, Chen Sheng was forced to rise up in Daze Township, and Xiang Liang raised a flag in Jianghuai to respond, so that the seemingly stable world of the Qin State became falling apart in the blink of an eye.
It can be said that the evolution from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States period was the transformation process from feudal society to a bureaucratic society. At that time, the combat effectiveness of the grass-roots organizations was still there, and the state had achieved the mobilization and coercive force of the whole people, and the combination of the two formed the strongest combat effectiveness, and the Qin state unified the world with this. But this stage is like fireworks blooming, when the good people of the Changping generation have passed away and Zhang Handan's prisoner army has appeared, and the Qin army is no longer the opponent of Xiang Yu's Jiangdong disciples.
At this time, although Qin Shi Huang was dead, he could only carry this pot for his son. However, although the development of history is not subject to the will of man, it has its own law of development. The things that Qin Shi Huang did did did not benefit his children, but they also blessed others, that is, the later Liu family. The Han Dynasty is a relatively enlightened dynasty in Chinese history, and although there were some fluctuations in the early period, it was generally stable.
That's because: with qin shi huang before this, some of the foundations laid for it. And the Han Dynasty not only could eat a ready-made meal, but also did not have to carry those historical baggage. Later Sui and Tang, the situation is also very similar.
In general, during the reign of Qin Shi Huang, although he did some unpopular things, it was inevitable that the hat of "the king of the subjugated country" was also a bit excessive. So much so that even our great leader once said, "Hundred generations of Judas qin legal system":
Advise Jun Shao to scold Qin Shi Huang and discuss the cause of burning pits.
Zu Long's soul is still dead in Qin, and Kong Xue's name is Gao Shi Chaff (高實秕糠).
Hundreds of generations have practiced Qin politics and law, and ten batches are not good articles.
Familiar with the Tang feudal theory, Mo Congzi hou returned to King Wen.
Here, the so-called "Qin politics and law" refers to the abolition of the "feudal system" and the change to the "county system" after Qin Shi Huang unified China, and the county chiefs were appointed by the Central Dynasty, thus consolidating the centralization of power and becoming a basic pattern of China's political system for thousands of years. Moreover, Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty also wrote a special article "On Feudalism" for this purpose, which also praised this reform of Qin Shi Huang.
Resources:
["History of Qin Shi Huang Benji", "Hanshu Wudi Ji", "Zizhi Tongjian"]