As we all know, the Volga River is the most famous river in Russia, flowing through the plains of the European part of Russia, and is the mother river of Russia. The Volga, though famous, is not too long, 3692 kilometers, not to mention in the world, even in Russia. Russia's top three rivers in length have several things in common: all located in Asia (Siberia) east of the Ural Mountains, all flowing from south to north, all flowing into the Arctic Ocean. The three rivers are the Ob, yenisei and Lenases.
Although the Ob River is a Russian river, there is an important tributary that originates in Xinjiang, China, that is, the Irtysh River, which is the only river in China that flows into the Arctic Ocean. There is a Fuyun County in the Altay region of northern Xinjiang, from which the Irtysh River departs. The Irtysh River has two sources, the Eastern Source is the Cailt River and the Western Source is the Kuirt River. After leaving our country, the Irtysh River enters the territory of Kazakhstan (an area of about 2.72 million square kilometers), the largest landlocked country in the world, flows in the northeast of Kazakhstan, and then enters the territory of Russia. Moving north through Omsk, the Irtysh River joins the Ob River at Khanty-Mansisysk. The main source of the Ob River originates from the Russian side near the junction of Kazakhstan, China, Russia and Mongolia, and flows in a huge arc from southeast to northwest. The Ob River is actually not very long, only about 3650 kilometers, not as good as the Volga River. However, if you count the length of the Irtysh River, the length of the Ob River is about 5410 kilometers, ranking sixth in the world.
To the east of the Ob River is the Yenisei River. The Yenisei River has two sources – the Great Yenisei River and the Little Yenisei River. The Yenisei River originates in northern Mongolia and flows north of the Donuula Mountains after entering Russia. The Great Yenisei River originates on the Russian side of the Border between Russia and Mongolia, and the two rivers merge in Kyzyl, the capital of the Tuva Republic, and the following section is called the Yenisei River. The Republic of Tuva also has a very familiar name, which is the Tangnu Ulyan Sea.
The Yenisei River, which rises north to Lesosybilsk, receives the Angara River, the largest tributary of the Yenisei River. The Angara River is about 1779 kilometers long, not particularly long, but "of noble birth", because the source of the Angara River is the deepest known lake in the world, Lake Baikal, with a depth of 1637 meters. People are very familiar with Lake Baikal, which is the place where Su Wu was detained by the Huns for nineteen years during the Western Han Dynasty. Lake Baikal is like a bend of the moon, the Angara River originates in the southwest of Lake Baikal, not far from the important city of Irkutsk in the Russian Far East, which is called by Russians as "not going to Irkutsk, is equivalent to not coming to Siberia." ”
The Angara River, which leaves Irkutsk, continues to flow north, taking a great turn north of UstiaIlimsk and rushing west to join the Yenisei River. The total length of the Yenisei River is 5539 km, which flows north into the Yenisei Gulf in the Kara Sea of the Arctic Ocean. The Angara River is very important to the Yenisei River, which covers an area of more than 2 million square kilometers, while the Angara River alone has a basin area of more than 1 million square kilometers. The Yenisei River is the geographical dividing line between the Siberian Plain and the Central Siberian Plateau in Russia, with flat, swampy terrain to the west and dangerous terrain to the east. The yenisei river has a huge water flow, although the two sides are sparsely populated, but this does not affect Russia's construction of many large and medium-sized hydropower stations on both sides of the river for the benefit of the people.
East of the Yenisei River is another large river, the Lena River. The Angara River, a tributary of the Lena and Yenisei rivers, is a "neighbour" because the source of the Lena River is very close to Lake Baikal. The Baikal-bin-Lago Mountains on the west bank of Lake Baikal are the starting point of the Lena River, which interestingly turns from south to north to west, while the Lena River turns from south to north to east and enters the territory of the Russian Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has one of the largest in the world, the largest provincial administrative region in the world, with an area of 3.1 million square kilometers, equivalent to 31 Jiangsu provinces. The Lena River is about 4,400 km long and has a basin area of more than 2.4 million square kilometers, flowing north through Yakutsk into the Arctic Ocean in the Gulf of Oregnok.
The Lena River was called the Lena River during the Qing Dynasty in China, and the Qing Dynasty had contact with Tsarist Russia on the demarcation of the Lena River. Russia expanded all the way eastward, expanding its sphere of influence to the Lena River in 1632, and it was at this time that the city of Yakutsk was built. If Tsarist Russia were to continue its expansion, it would create irreconcilable contradictions with the Qing Dynasty, which controlled the northeast (including the outer northeast). In the face of constant provocations from Tsarist Russia, the Qing Dynasty could not bear it and waged war against Tsarist Russia in 1686, which is the very famous Battle of Yaksa. Yaksa was on the north bank of the Heilongjiang River (river) in the Daxing'anling region of present-day Heilongjiang Province, in present-day Russia, when it belonged to the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty was equivalent to a home battle, and had a considerable advantage over the Russian troops coming from afar, and Tsarist Russia could not defeat the Qing Dynasty and had to admit it and start negotiations with the Qing Dynasty. It is worth mentioning that the negotiator of the Qing Dynasty was Suo Etu. Suo Etu's niece was Empress Xiaochengren of the Kangxi Emperor and the biological mother of Crown Prince Yinrong.
Tsarist Russia was defeated and actually demanded that the Qing Dynasty cede a large area of land north of the Heilongjiang River (river), which was rejected by the Qing Dynasty. Soetu believed that the Qing Dynasty was a victorious power that deserved to be given a large area of land east of the Lena River (Lena River), but was rejected by the Tsarist Russia, which had occupied the area east of the Lena River. The two sides exchanged words and swords at the negotiating table and did not give in to each other. In the end, the Qing Dynasty took a step back, far away from Nebuchu as the boundary, and as close as the Erguna River. The reason was that the enemy of the Qing Dynasty, Dzungar, was in rebellion, and the Qing Dynasty was unable to fight on two fronts and was forced to make concessions. Tsarist Russia eventually signed a treaty with the Qing Dynasty, which is known as the Treaty of Nebuchu. The treaty had a "nebuchadnezzar treaty to be negotiated", that is, a narrow blank area south of the Udy River. But according to the Manchu treaty, the two countries' area to be discussed should be a large area of land north of the Waixing'an Ridge to the Lena River. However, due to the decline of the late Qing Dynasty, Tsarist Russia eventually forcibly occupied a large area of land north of the Heilongjiang River (river), and the Lena River had nothing to do with China anymore.
The three major rivers in Siberia, Russia, have large basin areas and small populations, but are rich in hydropower, forests, oil and gas resources.