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First, why did the empress dowager call herself the Mourning Family
The Wai family is used in the opera novels of later generations and does not exist in ancient interpersonal communication. The meaning of "mourning family" is to call oneself a poor person, the mourning of no husband, which is the self-designation of the empress or empress dowager of the dead husband in the old opera, not the title used by historical figures.
The word "mourning family" should be used by the empress dowager, and it is used by the empress dowager when the emperor is dead, and the empress dowager is later the empress, which means the undead, mourning the former emperor. The empress's claim to be a joke should be a joke, otherwise wouldn't she have cursed the emperor? That's a capital offense.
In fact, the empress dowager was the emperor's mother. The throne in ancient China was generally passed on to future generations (sons) after the death of the previous emperor. That is to say, since she is the emperor, there is no father, then her mother is a widow.
In other words, the empress must wait until her husband dies before she can become empress. Therefore, the empress dowager claimed to be a mourning family. "Mourning" implies the death of the former emperor, and the only people who call the "mourning family" are the empress dowager and the concubine.
Therefore, the reason why the empress dowager called herself the Mourning Family was because of the mourning of the former emperor. The term mourning family is only used for widowed queens, and only appears in literary works, film and television works. The historically authentic empress does not call herself the Mourner at any time.
The word mourner evolved from the word mourner. "Miscellaneous Records of Etiquette": The sacrifice is called filial piety and filial piety, and the mourning is called mourning the son and mourning the grandson. In ancient times, those who lost their parents called themselves mourning sons, and later, those who lost their fathers and mothers called themselves mourning sons. Historically, many people humbled themselves as slaves or sluts.
II. Why the Empress Calls Herself "Hongu"
Speaking of self-proclaimed Hongu, this should be the invention of opera. Empress Eldest Sun called herself a "concubine" in front of Emperor Taizong of Tang, and women in general called themselves "concubines" in front of their husbands. The queen concubine can call herself "I" and "I" in front of other people, which is common throughout the world.
During the Song Dynasty, this title began to exist, but it mainly expressed the institution, or the original institution. In the royal palace, a certain palace is also an institution, which gradually evolved into the self-designation of the owners of these harems.
Hongu may refer to many people, there are many palaces in the ancient imperial city, as long as it is the owner of a palace can call themselves "Hongu", for example, the prince is called "East Palace", can call himself Hongu, the queen can call herself Hongu.
There are also some people who can call themselves "Honggong" as long as they are the owners of the palace, but the empress dowager and the empress dowager generally do not call themselves "honggong", because in ancient China, the status of identity was very clear.
Strictly speaking, only the lord of the one house can call himself in this way, and the correct meaning of the lord of the one house, such as the ruler of the 'East Palace' and 'West Palace', can be famous, not that those who live in the palace can call themselves in this way.
In addition, the mourning family is generally the self-designation of the empress dowager and the empress dowager, while the empress generally calls herself the main palace. The empress dowager and the empress dowager generally do not call themselves "Hongu", and only after the death of her husband can the empress "mourn" herself.
III. Why do women in the harem call them "concubines"
In many costume TV dramas now, when empresses and concubines see the emperor or talk to the emperor, they often refer to themselves as "concubines", such as "concubines see his majesty the emperor", "concubines know that they are wrong", "concubines are guilty" and so on. In fact, this self-designation is wrong.
Concubines, as nouns, were called lowly in ancient times, and the Shang Shu Biography says: "Servants are unworthy, and males are called concubines." The Zhou Li Notes also say: "Concubines, men and women are called poor and lowly." Obviously, "concubine" is a collective term for men and women who are subjects.
As for the combination of the words subject and concubine, it is mostly used for the general term of male and female slaves or for men to call their wives when speaking to the emperor. Tang Dynasty Yuan Shu "Grant Pei to the Left To Ride a Constant Attendant System": "When you are a general, your concubines are in the world, and you are angry, and you are holding a good man to learn from it?" ”
The "concubine" here is not a self-designation, but refers specifically to slave or as an envoy verb, when ruling and governing. Of course, there have indeed been misnomers in history, but they are not as serious as they are now.
Nowadays, in the TV series, the woman with a head and a face around the emperor sees the emperor and if he is not called so, it seems that he is not smooth and awkward. In fact, they don't have to, they can call themselves "little concubines", "cheap concubines" and so on.
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