Dr. Zhong Zhenzhen was born in 1950 in Nanjing. He is currently a professor at Nanjing Normal University and a doctoral supervisor. Director of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation. He is also the guidance professor of the "Foreign Scholars Chinese Culture Research Scholarship" of the National Scholarship Council, the president of the Chinese Rhyme Literature Association, the vice president of the Global Chinese Poetry Association, the consultant of the Chinese Poetry Society, the general consultant of the "Poetry Conference" of CCTV, the consultant of the poetry platform of "Listening to the Rain in the Small Building", and the Distinguished Professor of the Wenjin Pulpit of the National Library. He has been invited to lecture at more than 30 famous overseas universities such as Yale and Stanford in the United States.
Professor Zhong Zhenzhen accompanies you to read ancient poems (220)
Stone City
[Song] Du Xu
Jiangshan is so, it is the opening of the heavens, the king of the southeast. A self-haired grandson crossed the short strategy, sitting to make the hero magpie rise. The sound of the jade tree disappeared, the shadow of the golden lotus dispersed, and how many sad things. Millennium Liaohe, and doubt the city of Guo Fei is. 〇 On that day, the clouds were in the clouds, where the tide was falling, and the stones were lonely. People laughed at Chu Yuan's teeth now, and only Yuan Gong did not die. The sun is desolate, where is the divine state, and the desire to fall into the new pavilion tears. Yuan Long is old, and there is no limit to the rest of the world.
【Notes】
Du Xu (杜旟), courtesy name Bogao, was a native of Jinhua, Wuzhou (present-day Zhejiang). Emperor Xiaozong of Song was alive when he reached Emperor Ningzong. Together with his younger brothers Du Xu (Zi Zhonggao), Du Xu (Zi Shu Gao), Du Yi (Zi Ji Gao), and Du Yi (Zi Yougao), he was known as the "Jinhua Five Highs". Chen Liang called it "like a galloping wind, and Ming Yi and Luan" (Fu Du Zhong Gao Shu). He is the author of the "Qiaozhai Collection", which is not transmitted today. There are three poems, see Ming Yangshen's "Words".
"Stone City", the original site is in the qingliangshan mountain west of the present-day Nanjing City, facing the Yangtze River (now the mountain has become land) in ancient times, and reaching the mouth of the Qinhuai River in the south. During the Warring States period, the King of Chu Wei built Jinlingyi here. During the reign of Sun Quan of Eastern Wu, it was renovated and renamed Stone City. The city stands on the mountain, with the river as the moat, the terrain is dangerous, and it has always been a place where soldiers and families must fight.
"Jiangshan is so", Su Shi's poem "You Jinshan Temple" said: "Jiangshan is so untouchable." ”
"It is the heavens that open up to the ancients, the king of the southeast", the ancient superstition said, the emperor, or the destined future emperor, will have an auspicious aura in the air above the earth. Jin Sun Sheng's "Jinyang Qiu" contains that Qin Shi Huang traveled east, looking at the qi cloud: "Five hundred years later, Jinling has tianzi qi. ”
"Sun Zi", called Sun Quan. The "Three Kingdoms Chronicles of Wu Shu Wu" Southern Dynasty Song Pei Songzhi's "Notes" quotes the Han anonym "Xiandi Chunqiu", after the Battle of Wei and Wu Hefei, the Wei general Zhang Liao asked Wu to surrender: "To the purple-haired general ... Who is it? Answer: It's Sun Quan. Hair, beard on the cheeks.
"Horizontal and short strategy", which is called riding a horse. Su Shi's poem "Ciyun Huang Lu Zhi Painting Ma Trial Courtyard Zhongzuo" says: "See this and think shortly and horizontally. "The horse, the horse, has a thorn at one end, and is used to drive the horse galloping." According to the nineteenth year of Emperor Jian'an of the Han Dynasty (214), Sun Quan personally fought with The Cao Army in Hefei on horseback, see the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, the Biography of Wu Lord, and Pei Songzhi's "Notes" citing Yuan Ye's "Spring and Autumn of the Emperor Xian" and Yu Pu's "Biography of JiangBiao".
"Sit-in", resulting.
"Magpie rises", metaphorically refers to taking advantage of the momentum to rise up. The southern Dynasty Qi Xie Shuo's poem "Hefu Wuchang Deng Sun Quan's Ancient City" says: "Magpie rises up to climb Mount Wu." ”
"The sound of the jade tree disappears", Tang Xuhun's poem "Jinling Huaigu" said: "The Yushu song is the end of the king's qi." "Yushu, the guide to the Chao Chen court song "Yushu Backyard Flower". Created by Chen Hou when the lord was, the words were gorgeous, aiming to praise the posture of the noble concubine Zhang Lihua and so on. See The Biography of Empress Chen Shu. The phrase "the flower in the back garden of the jade tree, the flower will not bloom for a long time", and the tune is lamented, which is a sign of the fall of the country. See Book of Sui and Five Elements.
"Golden Lotus", the Southern Dynasty Qi Emperor Dong Xiahou Xiao Baohuan favored Pan Concubine, chiseled gold for the lotus flower to the ground, so that Pan Concubine walked on it, said: "This step is born Lotus Huaye." See Nanshi Qi's Abolition of the Emperor Dong Xiahou Chronicle.
The three sentences of "Yushu", with the dissipation of beautiful songs and beautiful figures, summarize the rulers of the Southern Dynasty who have destroyed the country and their families with extravagance and obscenity, and have been sad for eternity.
"A thousand years of Liaohe, and doubt the city of Guo Fei is", the old title Jin Taoqian's "Afterword on searching for gods" says that Ding Lingwei of liaodong learned the Tao in Lingxu Mountain, and later transformed the crane back to Liao, ending on the pillar of the city gate. A young man raised his bow to shoot it, and the crane flew and hovered in the air, saying: "There are birds and birds Ding Lingwei, go home for a thousand years and return today." If the city is like the old people, why not learn the immortal tomb fortress. Du Ci used this allusion to say that when the people of the past returned like a crane, I am afraid that even chengguo could not recognize it, not only that they could not see the people of the old days. Gai Jiyan said the vicissitudes of stone city.
"Wansi Yuntun", Northern Zhou Yuxin "March 3 Hualin Garden Horse Shooting Endowment" said: "Ten thousand riding Yuntun. "Ten thousand donkeys, ten thousand chariots." Jin FuXuan's "Wei Desong" said: "Rong Che Wansi." "Donkey, four horses ride a cart together. Yuntun, tun set like a cloud, described as shengduo. According to the press, Stone City was a military fortress during the Six Dynasties.
"Where the tide falls, the stone is lonely", the ancient stone city, the yangtze river under the city, the old cloud.
"Chu Yuan", also spelled Yanhui, was a native of Yangzhai, Henan (present-day Yuzhou, Henan). Emperor Ming of the Southern Dynasty of Song collapsed, and his will was to use it as the Zhongshu Ling, and he and The Shang Shu Ling Yuan Yue (袁粲) assisted the young lord (later deposed emperor). Xiao Daocheng, the King of Qi, deposed Song and established himself, and he conspired with him. Southern Qi Dynasty Song Dynasty, Feng Nankang County Duke, official to Lu Shang Shu shi. See Book of Southern Qi and The Biography of Chu Yuan.
"Cold teeth", laughter will show teeth, laughter for a long time is cold teeth. According to the press, Chu Yuan, as the minister of the Song Dynasty, but he turned his back on the Song Dynasty, so the people laughed at it with shame. The Book of Southern Qi and the Pre-Biography of Le contains the pre-biography of Le: "People laugh at Chu Gong, and their teeth are still cold." ”
"Yuan Gong", Yuan Yue,Org-Ching-qian, was a native of Yangxia, Chen County (present-day Taikang, Henan). Together with Chu Yuan, he was ordered by Emperor Ming of Song. During the reign of Emperor Shun, he was the superintendent of Zhongshu and the town of Stone City. Xiao Daocheng wanted to depose the Song Dynasty, and he planned to raise an army against Xiao Shi, and the matter was leaked and he was killed. See Book of Song and Biography of Yuan Yue.
"Immortality" means that although it is still alive, it will live forever in people's hearts.
"Shenzhou" refers to the Central Plains under the occupation of the Jin.
"Tears of the Fallen New Pavilion", at the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, some of the officials of the Shi clan who crossed from the north to the south often gathered to drink at the New Pavilion (the former site was in the south of present-day Nanjing). One day, Zhou Yan sighed: "The scenery is not different, it is the difference between the mountains and rivers!" "Everyone looked at each other and wept. See Southern Dynasty Song Liu Yiqing's "New Languages and Speeches of the World".
"Yuanlong Laoyi", Xin Abandoned Disease", "Water Dragon Yin , Over the South Sword Shuangxi Lou" words: "Yuanlong Laoyi, may wish to lie high, curling cold mound." "Yuan Long, The Late Eastern Han Dynasty Chen Deng character Yuan Long." Zhongliang is high and refreshing, and the depth is rough. When he was young, he had the ambition to help the world and the people. The exposition is contained in the books, and there are literary and artistic works. Twenty-five years old, filial piety. Guan zhi Fubo was a general, and Taishou of Guangling (廣陵, in present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and Dongcheng (東城) (in present-day Dingyuan, Anhui). At most, they have made achievements in governance and battle, and they are even loved by the officials and the people. Chinese New Year's Eve Nine pawns. Liu Bei tasted the words: "If Yuan Long is bold in his martial arts, he should ask for gu'er, and it is rare to make a mistake than also (it is difficult to find someone comparable to him in a hurry). See The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, The Biography of Chen Deng, and Pei Songzhi's Notes, citing the anonymity Of the Acts of the Sages.
"What is the limit of the world for the rest of the children", lamenting the many incompetent people in the world. Yu Zi, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, You Heng only looked up to Kong Rong and Yang Xiu, and tasted: "The eldest son Kong Wenju, the younger child Yang Dezu." The rest of the children are hard, and the number is not enough. See Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Remnant, originally meaning other people, is later used as contempt.
This part uses a part of the rhyme, the rhyme feet are "qi", "rise", "thing", "is", "stand", "die", "tears", "son". The word "this" in the first sentence and the word "矣" in the penultimate sentence also belong to this rhyme, or are accidental and therefore not counted.
Du Xu's words, written in the first piece from the shape of stone city, and then traced back to the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties, starting with the heroic martial arts of Emperor Wu Sun Quan, and finally the extravagant loser of the Southern Dynasty Qi Emperor and Chen Hou Lord; the rest of the use of Ding Ling wei he returned to the Liao, lamenting the vicissitudes of the world. Although it is a common practice of nostalgic words, it is also outlined and concise, and the pen is strong.
The first words in the next film are that Stone City used to be a fortress of tun soldiers, hiding dragons and crouching tigers, but now the tide is falling, the empty city is lonely, and there is a vague sigh that this dynasty does not think about the Northern Expedition, giving up this strategic place without adding management. The following leads to Yuan Yue, who once took this city, and Chu Yuan, who was opposed to it, and suppressed the treachery and loyalty. Then naturally transitioned to the lyrical dedication to the country. In the end, he hurt himself and did not succeed, and felt that the people of the world were mediocre, and they were indignant because of the inability to do state affairs. "Words should not be related to each other" (Qing Liu Xizai's "Outline of Art and Song"), once the words are involved in current politics and the words are generous, "Huaigu" is transformed into "Yong Huai". The hero's true color and heroic personality of the lyricist are highlighted between the ink and the awe, and the anger is awe-inspiring.
Author/Zhong Zhenzhen Editor/Feng Xiao