The high platform jumps down and spins in the air
Glide beautiful curves in the skyline
Ski jumping, a free sport bred by cold Nordics
Ski jumping, an immortal fairy tale born from cold punishment
·Ski Jumping·
Skijumping
Ski jumping is referred to as "snow jumping", athletes pedal skis along the artificial jumping slopes, take off at the starting point, the body in the air along the parabola until the landing slope, and glide to the stop area to terminate. It mainly assesses the flight distance and action posture of the competition athletes.
01 Development history
Ski jumping arose in the Nordic countries. According to legend, ski jumping was originally a punishment punished by The ancient Norwegian rulers for prisoners. At the end of the 19th century, it was introduced to Sweden, Switzerland, the United States, France, Italy and Poland. In 1924, ski jumping was included in the first Winter Olympic Games, of which the big jumping event was officially included in the Winter Olympics in 1964. In the early days of ski jumping, it was mainly carried out on natural terrain such as hillsides, and the jumping platform of civil structure appeared in the 1880s, and gradually developed a contemporary jumping platform composed of sliding doors, landslides, landing slopes, and stop areas. In order to solve the problem of inconsistent ski jumping specifications, in 1964, the unified jumping level standard of the 9th Winter Olympics was 70 meters and 90 meters. With the improvement of the technical requirements for aerial gliding, the platform jumping standard has also been adjusted accordingly, and the standard platform height of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics is set to 109 meters, and the height of the big platform is set to 140 meters.
02 Race equipment
Ski jumping equipment consists of two parts: dress code and equipment. The attire mainly includes ski clothes, ski goggles, ski helmets, ski gloves, and equipment mainly includes skis, ski boots and retainers.
Ski clothes
Generally made of synthetic fiber material, the maximum thickness can not exceed 6 mm, the thinnest can not be less than 4 mm. Ski jumping costumes are thickened on the knees, hips, and elbows.
ski
Ski jumpers are wider and longer than those for downhill skiing and cross-country skiing, so you can better use the wind to ski farther in the air. The ski jump is 2.3 to 2.7 meters long, no more than 11.5 cm wide, and has a direction groove at the bottom of the board. Skateboards have a retainer that automatically removes snowshoes and skis when an athlete falls, preventing athletes from being injured.
Ski gloves
Athletes need to use their hands to support the ground when doing squats and large turns, and they may also hurt their hands when they fall, so gloves are essential protective tools for athletes.
helmet
Ski jumpers have a high probability of back falls when competing, and helmets can effectively protect the athlete's head.
Ski boots
Ski boots are made of leather, which is flexible and protects the ankle, while the ski shoes also need to have a high waist, and the waist of the shoe is tilted forward, which must not hinder the athlete from jumping.
03 Competition venue
The ski jumping competition venue is mainly composed of seven parts: ski start gate, departure platform, landslide assistance, jump point, standard point, landing slope and referee platform.
Help with landslides
The distance from the departure platform to the starting point is a slippery slope. The length of the large jump slope is usually more than 100 meters, and the ordinary jump platform is usually 75 to 99 meters. The starting point for skiers to take off at the starting point of their flight. Pay attention to the direction and timing of the wind when taking off, and pop yourself out as much as possible.
Trial stand
The referee observes the athlete's area. There are 5 referees in total, and each referee is scored according to the distance of the athlete's two flights and the completion criteria of the action.
K-spot
The K-point is the scoring origin of an athlete's distance score. The referee adds or subtracts points based on the actual landing point of the athlete. The starting score of K points is 60 points, that is, only by surpassing K points can you reach more than 60 points.
Landing slope
The area where the athletes land has a gradient of 35° to 40°. Athletes will continue to glide at high speed after landing on the landing slope, gliding for some distance in the buffer zone, and eventually stop in the termination zone.
04 Contest Rules
The competition is divided into two rounds, the first round is based on the players' World Cup points in reverse order or in the order of draw. Round 2 starts in reverse order of the scores of the previous round, and the sum of the points in the two rounds is the final score. The number of individual applicants from each country participating in the ski jumping competition shall not exceed 4; the number of participants in the team event is one country and one team, and the number of people is 4 people per team. Athletes are not allowed to use their ski poles during the competition, and complete the four processes of skidding, jumping, flying and landing completely on their own strength. Ski jumping technical scoring takes into account the athlete's sense of balance, stability, body posture and smoothness on landing.
05 Decomposition action
Slip aid
Skid aid is similar to our run in the long jump and can help athletes extend their aerial flight distance. When sliding on the ski slopes, athletes have to squat on both legs and lean forward in a streamlined manner to minimize air resistance, typically at 90 km/h.
Jump
Correct and powerful jumping action can increase the distance of air flight and enhance safety. The athlete's pedaling force, speed, angle, orientation and jump timing determine the distance they fly in the air, which are also key factors to measure the athlete's technical level. It is usually necessary to take off immediately at the moment when the tip of the snowboard reaches the end of the platform, and the upper body and lower limbs should be kept in a straight line when jumping.
Flying in the air
To gain lift, the athlete's body and skis should remain in a V-shape during the flight, with their hands naturally facing backwards. The flight time in the air is 3 seconds (big jump) or 2 seconds (standard platform), and the athlete's upper body should be stretched as much as possible, with a slight bend between the upper body and the legs, and the snowboard and the soles of the feet are sharply angled. Athletes must be bold and calm when flying in order to achieve good results.
Top of the slope
The entire body leans forward in a streamlined shape to minimize air resistance. Fly at a speed of 90 km per hour (large platform) or 80 kilometers (standard platform).
landing
The key for athletes to accurately get to the landing site is to overcome physical inertia and instability caused by ground bounce. When landing, the legs will generally be separated back and forth in a lunge, with the arms extended from side to side, and the legs bent to the knees as a cushion to maintain body balance.
06 Beijing Sightseeing Tower and Jumping Platform Height Comparison Map
07 Beijing Winter Olympic Games competition content
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics ski jumping competition will produce five gold medals. The competition includes the men's individual standard platform, the men's individual big jump platform, the men's team, the women's individual standard platform and the mixed team, of which the mixed team event is the first project to join the Beijing Winter Olympics. The competition will be played in Zhangjiakou.
08 Previous Winter Olympics medal table
Author: Wang Jin, Shao Zigeng, Liu Xinpei, Beijing Forestry University
This study is: "2016 Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Science Research Planning Fund Project "2022 Beijing Winter Olympics Visual Orientation System Research Results" Project No. 16YJA760037
[Editor-in-Charge: Li Yuan]