The Xuande Furnace is a product of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, who reigned for only ten years (1426-1435) under the title Xuande.
At the beginning of the third year of Xuande (1428), Siam (present-day Thailand) paid tribute to the Ming court with tens of thousands of pounds of "wind-ground copper" like gold. Emperor Xuanzong ordered officials such as the Ministry of Works and the Ministry of Rites to use tribute copper to cast and make Ding Yi. The Daming Xuande furnace referred to in this article includes the Xuande annual system and the Xuande model, which is only for everyone to learn and refer to!
Ear-punching cream foot stove
Therefore, 142715 ear-punching foot stove
Ming Grade II B
rotundity. Photons. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System". The casting is delicate. Attached is a double-layer cloud-footed copper seat.
Level: The level of artifacts in the Forbidden City was determined in accordance with the cultural relics grading standards of the Palace Museum in the early years. This standard covers many contents (such as age, rarity, phase, completeness, research value, etc.), but for copper propagators, it is basically based on the early and late dating of the year.
There is a problem here, if the age of cultural relics is not accurate enough, then the accuracy of the level of cultural relics given by this will also be greatly disturbed. From the physical observation of the eighty-one pieces of this category of old-name ear-punching cream foot stove, some of the utensils designated as grade II B and grade III, whether in shape, style, pulp, and appearance, are not lost to the two pieces that are in the second grade A.
Height 17.8 cm Caliber 20 cm Weight 2.78 kg
Qing Palace Old Collection (Zhu 179 Former Tibetan Emperor Pole Hall Main Hall, West Temple, South Temple)
Style: "Reduced Land Yang Wen" refers to a special term that digs down around the strokes of the money to make the pen path correspondingly raised. The vast majority of bronze ware is in this case. As mentioned above, the 142844 ware undoubtedly has strong characteristics of the Ming Dynasty: casting, and there is no trace of knife repair, and the word "de" is not a horizontal (there is a horizontal writing on the heart of the De character, there are seventeen pieces in this category, and these seventeen utensils do not have the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty).
Casting: The casting of this instrument is extremely refined, whether it is the eye or the feel is delicate and moist.
Instrument type: The ear punch must correspond to the three breast feet, which is the characteristic of the old name Xuan Bronze. It is deliberately pointed out here because of the exception of the new copper propaganda.
Therefore, 142712 Ear-punching cream foot stove Grade II
Height 6.7 cm Caliber 8.6 cm weight 〇·255 kg
Qing Palace Old Collection (Xiang 84 Originally Zang Xianfu Palace)
Round, ornamental gold. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System".
Decoration: The ear-punching cream foot stove is all light and light-free ornamentation, but some utensils are decorated with gold, such as this vessel.
Therefore 142865 Ear-punching cream foot stove three-level Qing
The height of the seat is 10 cm, caliber 9.7 cm, weight 522 kg
Qing Palace Old Collection (Lü 38573-2/3 FormerLyzang Yangxin Hall)
rotundity. Gold pieces are adorned under the mouth. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System". The watch has ice cracks. Attached cloud foot copper seat.
Decoration: The surface of this piece has ice cracks, which are caused by the rapid entry of cold water into the mold when casting, which is not completely cooled at the time of casting.
Therefore, 142787 Ear-punching cream foot stove Grade II
Height 7 cm Caliber 9 cm weight 〇 · 333 kg Qing Palace old collection
rotundity. Photons. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System". There is a horizontal in the heart of the German character. Attached wooden bottle, yellow material box each, the bottom of the box "Qianlong Year System".
Accessories: Twenty-two of the eighty-one instruments in this category have accessories, which are basically three-piece sets of furnaces, bottles and boxes, and most of them are equipped with shovels and spoons. In addition to the wooden bottle attached to this device, it is also equipped with a yellow material box, and the bottom of the box is "Qianlong Year System", which is very precious.
Old Collection Information: In addition, such as "Yu Jiu San", etc., refers to the old number of the old collection of the Qing Palace, the words in front of the number represent the original placement of this cultural relic in the palace, such as "Yu" represents the Dun Ben Hall and Yuqing Palace, indicating that this copper furnace has been placed in one of the above two locations.
Towards the crown ear stove
Therefore 142764 The three-legged furnace of the crown ear is grade 2 yiming
Height six cm Caliber seven · seven cm
Weight 〇 · 272 kg
Qing Palace Old Collection (Liuping 58159 Former Tibetan Changshan Yu Palace)
Rounded, towards the crown ears, around the neck, three beast feet wrapped in two-thirds of the shape, hollow inside. Photons. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System". There is a horizontal in the heart of the German character. Attached is a yellow strip "Changshanyu small copper incense burner".
Casting: Among the old collectors of the Qing Palace, there are only three Xuande Dynasty Crown Ear Furnaces (two of which are examples in this move), which is disproportionate to the ear-punching furnaces. These three copper furnaces have one thing in common in their craftsmanship, that is, their feet are hollow. Among them, the inner part of the 142764 foot is not closed, leaving a gap of about thirty millimeters, which will occur in the Ming Dynasty Xuan bronze foot.
Old Tibetan information: The old trumpet with the word "Liuping" indicates that this artifact comes from a royal garden or palace outside the Forbidden City, and its yellow stripe text also confirms this. In the 20th year of Kangxi (1681), after quelling the Rebellion of San Francisco, Kangxi led the Eight Banner Army on a northern tour. In the process of the northern tour to seek "Xi Wu Suiyuan" fixed hunting place, the chosen is the Mulan paddock. Because the Mulan paddock was far away from the Beijing Division, it was very inconvenient for officials of the imperial court to go to the autumn hunt, so from the 40th year of kangxi to the Qianlong period, some palaces were built successively, and Changshanyu was one of them.
Therefore 142763 Chaoguan Ear Three-legged Furnace Three-level Ming
Height 10 cm Caliber 10 · 5 cm
Weight 〇· 812 kg
Qing Palace Old Collection (餘1472 Former Tibet Yuqing Palace, Huan Ben Hall)
Round, three-beast foot inner space. The neck is decorated with six circular paisleys, and the stripes are rolled towards the inside of the crown ear. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System".
Type: Therefore, the direction of the 142763 towards the upper part of the crown ear is an inner roll rather than the usual outward roll, which is surprising.
Bridge ear furnace (1)
Therefore 142896 Bridge Ear Milk Foot Furnace Qing Grade III
Therefore 142896 Bridge Ear Milk Foot Furnace Clear Money Awareness
Round, milky feet. Photons. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System". The skin is delicate and densely cast.
Casting: Almost half of the twenty-two bridge ear furnaces in the old collection of the Qing Palace are obviously different in appearance - seriously rusted or shiny and beautiful (at least rust-free). Why is there such a big difference in the same use environment? The answer is that the level of casting process plays a decisive role.
Taking this device as an example, the surface of the instrument is delicate, without any porosity, showing a great casting density. Only on this basis, a long period of burning incense and baking charcoal will not only not make the appearance of the utensils dark and obscure, rusty, but will make the surface of the utensils more lustrous and fresh, showing a distinctive vitality.
Bridge ear furnace (2)
Therefore, 142900 bridge ear low-foot furnace Qing three-
Therefore, 142900 bridge ear low-foot furnace clear style
Round deep disc type, three feet in the shape of copper bubbles. Photons. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System". Rust-free.
Instrument type: Bridge ear milk foot stove is a common instrument type, and the old Tibetan bridge ear furnace in the Qing Palace is also based on this. However, the bridge ear cone foot furnace and the low-foot stove similar to the deep disc type are only five pieces in the old collector, which is very rare, and the example can be seen in this instrument.
Dragon Ear Furnace (1)
Therefore 142745 Dragon Ear Ring Foot Furnace Ming Grade III
Therefore 142745 dragon earring foot furnace ming style
Tapestry hoop foot. Photons. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System". Clear crystals in color.
Dragon Ear Furnace (2)
Therefore 142738 Dragon Ear Ring Foot Furnace Qing Grade II B
Therefore 142738 Dragon Ear Ring Foot Furnace Clear Recognition
Tapestry hoop foot. Photons. On the outer bottom of the instrument is the subtracted Diyang Wenshu "Daming Xuande Year System". Extremely heavy.
Dragon Ear Furnace (3)
New 168175 Dragon Ear Loop Foot Furnace Ming Grade II B
New 168175 Dragon Earring Foot Furnace Ming Zhi Zhi Zhi
Dragon ears, circle feet. Phototrope, but with a glittering, varied visual effect. On the outer sole of the instrument there is the Di Di Yang Wen Seal Book "Xuande Year System". Excellent leather color.
Comments: The dragon ear furnace is also a common instrument type in the copperware, and thirty-five pieces occupy a large proportion in the copper furnace of the old name. Its most significant feature is the unified specification of the instrument type. The above three pieces are worth paying attention to: therefore, the 142745 (Dragon Ear Furnace (I)) has no skin shell on the surface, and only a thin and transparent coating evenly covers the surface. The natural color of the yellow and clear copper below is reflected, which looks crystal warm in the light. Flexible to the touch. The Ming Dynasty copper furnace has this effect, in addition to precision casting, long-term play is an indispensable condition. And its old name shows that the original place of resettlement is the Yangxin Hall - the residence of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty, and it is conceivable that this instrument must have had an unusual experience.
Therefore, the 142738 (Dragon Ear Furnace (II)) is very heavy, and its wall and bottom thickness are measured as usual, but the weight is twice as heavy as the same size or even slightly larger utensils. Indicates that the internal heavy metal composition or casting density is unusual.
A special example of the new name - the new 168175, its shell is lustrous and beautiful, and it is definitely worth a few more books. The transparent layer on the surface resembles a enamel and has a certain depth, and it is interspersed with golden sequins of different heights, sizes and shapes. When the furnace body turns slightly, the edges of the sequins change shape, and the overlapping relationship with each other will also change... This dynamic light has the optical effect of modern laser holographic, which is very wonderful.
Lion Ear Furnace (1)
Therefore 142711 Lion's Ear Ding-style column foot furnace Ming Grade II B
Therefore 142711 Lion Ear Ding-style column foot furnace mingzhi
Ding-style, lion ears, corset neck, three-column foot high, empty foot. The watch is decorated with gold. Ganoderma lucidum-shaped jade gainu. The bottom of the instrument is reduced to the Yang Wen script "Daming Xuande Year System". Comes with rosewood cover.
Instrument type: Lion ear furnace system is changeable, only the mouth has a straight mouth, luxury mouth, flat mouth, convex mouth four kinds, foot and body shape changes are also many. Therefore, the overall shape of the 142711 should belong to the antique Yi ware class, but the lion ear and the Ding style are not compatible, and it is temporarily classified as this category.
Lion Ear Furnace (2)
Therefore 142761 Lion's Ear Extravagant Mouth Animal Foot Furnace Ming Grade II B
Therefore 142761 Lion's Ear Extravagant Mouth Beast Foot Furnace Ming Zhi Zhi
The upper part is gradually extravagant, and the three beast feet are gradually expansive. Photons. The bottom of the instrument is reduced to the Yang Wen script "Daming Xuande Year System".
Old Tibetan information: This vessel was originally the Qin'an Hall, which is the only remaining Ming Dynasty Taoist building in the Forbidden City, only individual statues were added in the Qing Dynasty, and the internal furnishings and utensils have not been greatly changed so far. Therefore, the shape of this luxury lion's ear animal foot furnace can be used as a reference standard for Ming Dynasty bronze ware.
Lion Ear Furnace (3)
Therefore 142854 Lion's ear ring square lid furnace Ming Grade II B
Therefore 142854 Lion's Ear Ring Square Lid Furnace Top
Therefore 142854 Lion ear ring square lid furnace ming style
Rectangular corner, circle foot, covered. The lid is decorated with hollow double dragon phoenix pattern and cloud pattern, the cover button is in the shape of a cloud dragon, the dragon is gilded, the abdomen is decorated with a dragon, sea beast and sea water pattern, the gilded lion ear ring, and the circle foot is decorated with gilded lotus petal pattern. The outer bottom of the di di yang wen script "Daming Xuande Year System".
Lion Ear Furnace (4)
Therefore, 142780 Lion's Ear Luxury Mouth Square Furnace Ming Grade II B
Therefore, 142780 Lion's Ear Luxury Mouth Square Furnace Ming Lion Ear Partial
Therefore, 142780 Lion Ear Luxury Mouth Square Furnace Ming Zhi Zhi
Long way, flat mouth, neck, double lion ears on the edge of the mouth and belly, beast swallow long foot hollow. Gilded double lion ears; gilded double lion play ball on the left and right sides of the abdomen; mouth trimming; shoulder lotus petal pattern gilded. There is a subtraction of the Yang Wen Script "Daming Xuande Year System" on the outside of the instrument
Decoration: As the name suggests, the ear is shaped by a lion's head, indicating that this type of heavy decoration has many patterns. Therefore, 142854 and 142780 have jumped out of the common furnace type, and the decoration is also complex and abnormal.
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