Orunchun is one of the northern forest peoples of the mainland and has a long history. Because of the particularity of natural conditions, its production, life and even national spiritual culture and other aspects have shown special characteristics that are different from other nationalities. This particularity is that the long-term hunting life has bred and created a phenomenon with a distinct mountain forest culture, and its most representative feature is the birch bark culture. The birch skin cultural phenomenon of the Orunchun people reflects an important way for their national ancestors to conquer nature, transform nature and thus change their status as natural servants.
From the perspective of traditional handicrafts in Orunchun, birch bark products and animal skin products are more developed, and these two traditional handicrafts account for a large proportion of their own production and life. Set of viewing and practical performance. And the origins of these arts are inextricably linked to their long-term safari lifestyle. Embroidery is a folk craft. It is mainly manifested in animal skin products and cloth products. Carving and painting were mainly used in birch bark and wood products. Orunchun uses birch skin to make various pots, gift bags, boxes, boxes and other utensils, and uses special bone ware on it to hope for beautiful patterns and patterns. The motifs are mostly cirrus clouds and contiguous geometric shapes, but also flowers and plants, as well as animal figures. The main embodiment of the engraving art of the Orunchun people is "Adamara" (birch skin box), the shape is rectangular, oval, peanut-shaped, about 60-70 cm long, about 40 cm wide, about 20 cm high, the cover surface and the lid around the special "Toktowen" (a bone pressing tool) "Toktowen" multi-toothed, about 10 cm long.
When engraving the pattern, the north side of the hunting knife is gently tapped with the bone, so that the pattern is clearly printed on the birch skin vessel, the natural liberalry of the birch bark, the view is clean and elegant, and the birch skin is made of various utensils, which is light and convenient and very suitable for long-distance limping on horseback. In addition to the method of engraving and pressing with animal bones, this kind of vessel also has red, green, yellow, black, white and blue colors on the pattern and the edge of the utensil, and there are many colors from coloring and patterning. For example, "Adamara" is engraved with a pattern of "Kuirge sound" around it, symbolizing that the husband and wife are white and old, and they will never change their hearts; The center of the lid is engraved with the pattern of "Zhu Ledu", symbolizing the eternal reunion of the husband and wife. Some birch-skinned vessels are covered with a flower inscribed with the word "Nan Shu Luo", which symbolizes an unmarried virgin, or an unmarried orphan. And think that the unmarried orphan man will not feel lonely if he has "Nan Qiuluo" to spend around. "Adamara" is covered in red to symbolize the girl's joy; Yellow symbolizes the joy of a man; Black is the color matching without any meaning; If there is a person with blue and white on the "Adamara", it is known that the family has suffered misfortune and widowhood.
Orunchun's carvings are generally only expressed on wooden idols, the tools for painting are carbon or brushes, the colors are red, yellow, green, purple, black, etc., most of the paintings are flowers, plants, birds, butterflies and gods, the gods are generally painted on cloth or in the forest to find a tall pine tree with an axe to cut off a piece of skin to expose a smooth side, on which to draw a human face. This is the mountain god "Bai Nacha" that they worship. The idols of the gods are white clouds, sun, moon, mountains and small trees that reflect their worship of nature. The flowers and butterflies are mainly painted on the edges of cradles and birchbar boxes, and a few are also painted on coffins.
The Orunchun also used birch bark to cut various realistic deer, roe deer, roe deer, horses, hunting dogs and small hunters carrying shotguns. In the toys of roe deer, adults often use birch skin to make small cradles and birch skin backpacks for them. From the above-mentioned birch skin utensils and patterns of Olunchun and the metaphor of the meaning and practical analysis of the use of making and doing has a great instrumentality, in 1989, I absorbed the tradition of my own ethnic group, making birch bark handicrafts at the same time, after careful design with birch bark as the basic material, to the orunchun myth as the theme, the use of traditional folk patterns and abstract artistic handicrafts to make a number of birch skin mosaics with distinct national characteristics, in Xinsheng Township to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the settlement of Olunchun, that is, birch bark mosaic painting to do a content exhibition, has achieved great success It has been approved and praised by experts at home and abroad. And won a second gold award in the province. As a new kind of painting, adding to the gap in the history of Chinese art, Li Jinyou, deputy director of the State Nationalities Commission, wrote an inscription: "Xiuyi is not a group", and the deputy secretary of the Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee also wrote an inscription for this.
In summary, birch bark culture and the social life of the Orunchun people have an inseparable relationship, birch skin culture has accompanied the Orunchun people through that long historical years, as an extension of culture, the contemporary birch skin culture represented by the birch forest craft, will be able to be more innovative, to enrich the Olunchun ethnic group and even the Chinese national cultural treasure house to add new brilliance.
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Source: Northern Safari First Township