After the fruit is picked, post-harvest treatment and storage and preservation are of far-reaching significance for improving the commerciality of the fruit, reducing post-harvest losses, and meeting the long-distance transportation. So, when various categories of fruits are commercialized after harvesting, what are the knowledge and effective technical solutions related to storage and preservation? This article tells you!
Longan
Longan is harvested in high temperature and humidity conditions from July to September. Suitable low temperatures can extend the storage period of longan. Longan belongs to the non-respiratory peak type of fruit, the most suitable storage temperature of longan is 3 °C ~ 5 ° C, humidity 90% ~ 95%. Temperature fluctuations should be avoided during storage. Common means of transport: ordinary trucks, insulated vehicles, refrigerated trucks or refrigerated containers for transportation.
lichee
Lychee is a "delicate" fruit, its ethylene release is extremely low, and the use of preservation technology with the goal of controlling ethylene is not obvious on lychee. After the fruit is harvested, it is finely sorted → quickly pre-cooled→ chemical color protection and antiseptic → PE film packaging moisturizing → cold chain storage and transportation. At a suitable low temperature, the storage period of lychees is about 20-30 days, and the shelf life is 1-2 days.
Fruit
Mango has the following storage characteristics: respiratory peak type, ethylene sensitive type fruit. Refrigeration conditions are generally 10 °C to 12 °C, and relative humidity is 85% to 90%. After the mango arrives, it is necessary to check the ripeness of the product by opening the box. If the mango reaches more than 80% ripeness, it must be sold on the shelves; the mango with low maturity is put back in the original box and continues to ripen.
Dragon fruit
The harvest time of dragon fruit has a great impact on the storage period and preservation effect of dragon fruit. The fruit growth period of dragon fruit varies according to the season, geographical location and variety. The storage temperature of the finished product library of dragon fruit should be 2-6 ° C, the relative humidity should be 85-90%, and the single fruit film packaging or single fruit foam mesh set packaging should be put into corrugated cartons after transportation, and can also be separated by cardboard to prevent squeeze collisions in transportation.
Pineapple
Pineapple, like mangoes and bananas, is more sensitive to low temperatures, but the difference is that pineapples are non-respiratory peak fruits with no obvious ripening changes. The storage of pineapple fruit is very much related to the harvest maturity, the higher the maturity, the worse the storage tolerance of pineapple. The temperature of the warehouse during storage should be maintained at 8-10 ° C, the relative humidity is 85% to 95%, and the storage period can reach 2 to 4 weeks depending on the variety.
Fan Shi Durian
Multiple tests have shown that after two weeks of storage at 8-10 °C and 85%-90% relative humidity, the weight loss rate of the fruit is much lower than that stored at room temperature. The two atmospheric storage methods of room temperature bagging and refrigerated bagging can effectively delay the post-ripening process of guava fruit, especially the air conditioning storage of refrigerated bagging, and the effect is more obvious.
Papaya
Since the cold damage of papaya below 6 ° C will occur, the refrigeration method must not be used. At 5-10% carbon dioxide and low oxygen, it can be stored for 20 days at 10-15 ° C.
Bananas
Bananas can be harvested all year round, so long-term storage of bananas is not very important, and transportation preservation is particularly important. Bananas are tropical and subtropical fruits, like temperature and afraid of cold, when the storage temperature is lower than 12 ° C -13 ° C for a long time, cold damage will occur. Bananas in the packaging into storage, to control the temperature at 13-14 ° C, relative humidity of 80% -90%. Bananas are sensitive to endogenous and exogenous ethylene, very low concentration of ethylene will catalyze the ripening process of bananas. Therefore, the ethylene concentration should be strictly controlled during storage and transportation.
Passion fruit
Passion fruit storage temperature should be 5 °C ~ 8 °C, relative humidity should be 90% ~ 95%, storage period varies according to the variety, yellow varieties should not exceed 15 days, purple varieties should not exceed 30 days.
Carambola
Under normal temperature conditions, without any treatment, the starfruit fruit will lose water and become soft after storing for about 2 days, and the edges and corners will brown or even rot. Low temperatures are conducive to the storage of starfruit. The suitable temperature of cold storage is 5-6 °C, and frost damage is easy to occur below 5 °C.
Portuguese
Grapes are less resistant to storage, and are prone to wilting, falling grains, and rotting during storage. The storage effect mainly depends on the type, variety, geographical and climatic conditions of the grapes and the treatment measures before and after harvest. Grapes are non-respiratory jump fruit, and grapes used for storage need to be selected for full ripe fruit. Storage in mechanical cold storage - 1-0 °C, humidity adjusted to 90% ~ 95%
Kiwifruit
The storage relative humidity of different varieties is 90%~95%, and the temperature varies; generally, the Chinese kiwifruit is (1.0~2.0) ±0.5 °C, and the delicious kiwi fruit storage temperature is controlled at (0.0~1.0) ±0.5 °C. Once the fruit is stored in storage, the number of inverted basket inspections and flipping should be avoided or minimized. It can generally be stored for about 100 days at 0 °C. Some varieties of modified atmosphere storage can be stored for a storage period of up to 4 to 6 months.
Grass berries
The key to choosing shelf-resistant strawberry varieties to extend the shelf life is to extend the shelf life, such as storage-resistant varieties: lion's head, gerra, baojiao early birth, chicken heart, green seed, Shuofeng, Brandon, etc. Strawberry gas conditioning storage conditions are: temperature 0 °C -1 °C, relative air humidity 85%-95%; under this condition, can be kept fresh for 1.5-2 months. Strawberries can be stored at 12 °C for 3 days, 4 days at 8 °C, and 7-8 days at 1 °C-2 °C. The temperature of low temperature refrigeration should not be less than 1 °C.
Blueberry
The suitable temperature for blueberry storage is 0±0.5 °C; the suitable relative humidity is 85%~95%; the storage period varies according to the variety, fruit quality and storage method, and the general refrigeration storage should not exceed 30 days; refrigerated combined with spontaneous atmosphere modulation storage does not exceed 60 days. The final storage period is subject to product quality that does not affect blueberries
Garnet
Pomegranate varieties suitable for storage should meet the following basic conditions: the thick skin of the fruit is conducive to maintaining the moisture of the pomegranate fruit grains; when the fruit is ripe, the fruit splitting rate is low.
Loquat
Loquat ripens during the high temperature season and is a non-jumping fruit. Loquat fruit is soft and juicy, thin skin, susceptible to mechanical damage, easy to rot wounds, peel easy to brown, is more difficult to store fruit.
Apple fruit
Apples are typical respiratory transition fruits with a pronounced post-ripening process after harvesting. Apple varieties are different, the maturity period is different, the adaptability to the environment is slightly different, the best storage index of apple is: 0±0.5 °C, humidity: 85% ~ 90%, storage period: 6 ~ 7 months.
Watermelon
If the watermelon needs to be temporarily stored, it must be carried out under a cool, ventilated and clean shade canopy, strictly preventing exposure to the sun, rain, cold damage and toxic substances, and stacking neatly to prevent crush damage. If long-term storage (such as late-ripening melons) need to be divided into varieties, graded stacking.
Peach
The storage temperature of peach is 0 °C (the international peach refrigeration guide recommends 0 ~ 1 °C constant temperature storage), and the relative air temperature is 90% ~ 95% is more appropriate. In addition to the above temperature and humidity, the commercially recommended peach storage and transportation conditions can delay the ripening of the fruit, and the effect is better than that of ordinary refrigeration.
Bayberry
Bayberry fruit has no outer peel protection, easy to be damaged by machinery, the fruit is not easy to store after harvesting, known as "one day taste change, two days color change, three days taste, color change" is called. Under the condition of temperature of 0 ~ 2 ° C, relative humidity of 85 ~ 90% of the storage and preservation, the time can be up to 10 days.
apricot
Apricot and peach plum post-harvest physiological characteristics are basically the same, is a respiratory jump type of fruit, has a post-ripening process. It can only be stored at room temperature for 3 to 4 days. Apricot storage temperature with peach, plum, is also 0 ~ 1 °C, relative humidity of 90% ~ 95%, generally can be stored for 20 ~ 30 days.
plum
Plum skin is thin, soft flesh, juicy, storage and transportation is susceptible to mechanical damage, low temperature storage is prone to brown heart disease, high temperature storage is easy to rot and deteriorate, how to do a good job of plum harvesting and storage preservation, prolong the market supply period, has a very important significance. Plums stored at -1 ° C for 45-60 days will cause browning caused by low temperatures, avoid this temperature.
Navel orange
At present, the world's widely used large-scale navel orange postharvest storage and preservation methods mainly include physical preservation technology, chemical preservation technology and biological preservation technology. The general storage process is: the selection of varieties → the determination of the harvesting period→ the pre-harvest treatment→ the harvest + transportation → pretreatment → into storage. The temperature suitable for navel orange storage is 1-5 °C, and the relative air humidity is 90%-95%. The fruits in the refrigeration should be ventilated once a week. The above method can be stored and kept fresh for 120-130 days.
Guangxi Wo Citrus
Guangxi is the main domestic citrus production area, citrus shelf life is longer, some fruit farmers (or fruit merchants) choose to pick after the cold storage storage, combined with post-harvest antiseptic preservation technology can be stored for 2-3 months or even longer, to achieve staggered peak listing, shelf life of up to 15 to 20 days.
Figs
Figs are generally stored at room temperature for 2-3 days, and in order to extend the shelf life, low temperature storage is usually used. Humidity can only be adjusted to between 90% and 95% under low temperature storage conditions. The control temperature is -1-0 °C, which can make the fig storage time reach 3-4 weeks.
Fengshui pear
In the post-harvest storage process of Fengshui pear, the pulp is very easy to soften, sponge, peel, rot and deteriorate, poor storage, and short storage or shelf life. The storage period at room temperature is less than 2 weeks, the refrigeration can be stored for 5 to 6 months, and the atmosphere can be stored for 6 to 8 months.
Persimmons
There are many varieties of persimmons, and the tolerance of fruits varies greatly, and it is generally considered that late-maturing varieties are more resistant to storage. For example, the milled persimmon and lotus persimmon in Hebei, the cattle heart persimmon and mirror persimmon in Shandong, the fire pot persimmon and chicken heart yellow persimmon in Shaanxi are all high-quality and resistant varieties. Most varieties are astringent persimmons, which need to be removed before they can be eaten. The suitable storage temperature of persimmon fruit for the purpose of feeding hard persimmon is -1-0 °C, relative humidity is 80-90%, and it can be stored for 40d to 60d. Ventilators are used to periodically cycle the air during storage.
Yantai cherry
It should be harvested when the cherry is more ripe or fully ripe, the cherry fruit maturity period is inconsistent, and the harvest should be carried out in stages and batches. When harvesting, choose the coolest time of the day. The suitable storage temperature of sweet cherries is 0±1 °C, and the suitable storage humidity is 85 to 90%. Cherries can be left for 3-5 days at room temperature and for 30-40 days under this condition.
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