Editor's note: The Long March is a magnificent epic created by the Chinese Communists, a majestic and live drama in which the Party leads the people's army to temper its faith and forge the soul of the army, and also an important node and living map of the history of the CPC. During the Long March, Chairman Mao's poetry was like a tide rising higher and higher, and he wrote many magnificent poems with a large brush like rafters. These poems are magnificent and magnificent, and they are vivid teaching materials for studying party history.
During the Long March period, Chairman Mao mainly composed six poems, including "Three Songs of the Sixteen-Character Order", "Remembrance of Qin'e LouShanguan", "Seven Laws of the Long March", "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun", "QingPing Le Liupanshan", and "Six Words and Poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai". Chairman Mao's poems on the Long March, full of enthusiasm, persistence, and perseverance in the spirit of revolutionary optimism, played a tremendous role in encouraging and inspiring the commanders and fighters of the Red Army in the Long March, not only vividly reflecting the tortuous trajectory of the Red Army's Long March, but also artistically reproducing the glorious course of the Red Army's Long March through hardships and hardships to victory. It should be noted that the Long March mentioned here refers to the Long March experienced by Chairman Mao himself, that is, the Long March of the Central Red Army, which lasted from October 1934 to October 1935.
(1) "Sixteen Character Order Three Songs"
Mountain, fast horse plus whip without saddle.
Looking back in horror, three feet three feet away from the sky.
Mountains, upside down seas turn over rivers and rivers.
Rushing and rushing, ten thousand horses are still fighting.
The mountain, pierced the blue sky and was not damaged.
Heaven wants to fall, and it depends on it.
Created from 1934 to 1935
One of Chairman Mao's earliest Long March poems was "Three Sixteen-Character Orders", all three of which were Yongshan, written by Chairman Mao between 1934 and 1935 during the Long March, not at one time, and the only cross-annual poem in Chairman Mao's Long March poems.
On December 5, 1934, the Central Red Army crossed the first mountain on the way to the Long March, the Laoshan Boundary at the junction of Guangxi and Hunan. The summit of Miao'er Mountain, the main peak of the old mountain boundary, is a small flat land, and Chairman Mao climbed to the top of the mountain and looked out, the mountains were continuous, and the main peak was straight into the sea of clouds. So he chanted, "Mountain, hurry up and whip without getting out of the saddle." Looking back in horror, three feet three feet away from the sky. ”
During the Long March, the Red Army crossed many major mountains, such as the Yuecheng Ridge of the Wuling Mountains, the Miaoling and Lou Mountains of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and the Jiajin Mountains, Mengbi Mountain, Cangde Mountain, and Dagu Mountain in the Hengduan Mountains, all of which were known for their strange dangers. Chairman Mao did not refer to any specific mountain in the "Sixteen Character Order and Three Songs", but expressed the overall impression of the mountains and mountains along the way since the beginning of the Long March. Through Chairman Mao's description of the mountain, the fierce scene of the Red Army's conquest was also vividly expressed, "The mountain, the sea overturning the river and rolling up the mighty waves." Rushing and rushing, ten thousand horses are still fighting. "The mountain, pierced through the blue sky, is not broken." Heaven wants to fall, and it depends on it. "The analogy of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army is the Optimus Prime after the collapse of the world.
The three small orders highlighted the tensions facing the Red Army after the Battle of the XiangJiang River. "Hurry up and whip", "look back in shock", "rush and rush", "heaven wants to fall", a few words, the situation of the war is critical on the paper. However, as soon as the pen was turned, the full fighting enthusiasm and tenacious revolutionary will of the Red Army officers were vividly expressed.
(2) "Remembrance of Qin'e Lou Shanguan"
The west wind is fierce, and the long sky geese call frost morning moon.
Frost morning moon, horseshoe sound broken, trumpet sound swallowing.
Xiong Guan Man Dao is really like iron, and now he steps forward from the beginning.
From the beginning, the mountains are like the sea, and the remnants of the sun are like blood.
Created on February 28, 1935
In the early morning of February 25, 1935, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued a combat order: rush through Loushan Pass and reoccupi zunyi city. On February 27, the Red Army occupied Zunyi City. On the morning of the 28th, the Red Army fought fiercely with the Kuomintang troops who had rushed to reinforcements at Honghuagang and Laoya Mountain in the south of the city, annihilating most of Wu Qiwei's Fifty-ninth Division and Ninety-third Division, and driving the enemy south of the Wujiang River. The Battle of Loushanguan was the first major victory achieved by the Red Army since the Long March. The victory in this campaign freed the Red Army from the passive situation and shattered Chiang Kai-shek's dream of completely annihilating the Red Army in the Sichuan, Yunnan, and Qian border areas.
On the evening of February 28, Chairman Mao came to Loushan Pass, a vast sea of clouds. At this time, it was the early spring season of the lunar calendar, Loushan Passed thousands of peaks, heavy cliffs and peaks, cold winds whistling, loose waves, the smoke on the battlefield had not yet dissipated, the blood had not dried, the horseshoe of the cavalry was urgent and messy, and the sound of military trumpets coming from afar was low and tragic. At this scene, Chairman Mao was full of emotions and recited the most tragic and famous poem in the Long March, "Remembering Qin'e Loushanguan": "The west wind is fierce, and the geese in the long sky are called frost and morning moon." Frost morning moon, horseshoe sound broken, trumpet sound swallowing. Xiong Guan Man Dao is really like iron, and now he steps forward from the beginning. From the beginning, the mountains are like the sea, and the remnants of the sun are like blood. In the image description of the frost day and the remnant moon, the poet expresses the solemn mood of the cold journey and the twists and turns of the battle. Through the depiction of the magnificent scenery of the remnants of the sun sprinkled with mountains and valleys, it shows the heroic ambition of the Red Army to cross all the majestic passes and passes, and also implies that after the Zunyi Conference, the Chinese revolution stepped onto the right track and stepped forward again.
The sentence "Xiongguan Mandao is really like iron, and now he is stepping forward from the beginning" shows his calm reflections on the road of the Chinese revolution, indicating that the Party and the Red Army have embarked on a new journey after going through difficult twists and turns and crossing the turning point of life and death.
The word is depressed on the top and passionate on the bottom. The contrast between colors is strong, the contrast of feelings is equally strong, and the strong contrast between the upper and lower levels precisely reflects Chairman Mao's optimistic spirit and heroic courage as a great man of a generation.
The term was first published in the January 1957 issue of poetry.
(3) "Seven Laws: The Long March"
The Red Army is not afraid of expeditions and difficulties, and thousands of rivers and mountains are just waiting for idleness.
The five ridges are full of fine waves, and the mud pills are walking in the mud.
The golden sands and waters beat the cloud cliffs warmly, and the Dadu Bridge crossed the iron cable cold.
More happy with the snow of the Min Mountains, the three armies after the end of the face.
Created in September and October 1935
On September 27, 1935, the Red Army arrived in the town of Tongwei Bangluo in Gansu. Chairman Mao presided over the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee (the "Bangluo Town Conference"), which was presided over by Chairman Mao, and formally decided to place the foothold of the Red Army's Long March in northern Shaanxi, consolidate and develop the revolutionary base areas in northern Shaanxi, and regard northern Shaanxi as the base camp for leading the Chinese revolution.
On September 28, chairman Mao improvised and recited the poem "Seven Laws and Long March", which had been brewing in his heart since turning over the snow-capped Min Mountain, at a meeting of cadres at and above the platoon level of the Anti-Japanese Advance Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army held at the Dongwenmiao Street Primary School in Tongwei County. It was the only poem written by Mao Zedong during the Long March, and was finalized in October 1935. With highly condensed verses and vivid metaphors, Mao Zedong strung together 25,000 miles of thousands of rivers and mountains, reviewed the difficult course of the Red Army's Long March, and praised the great feats of the Red Army's Long March. "More joyful for the snow of the Min Mountains, after the three armies, all the faces are open" is the finishing touch of the whole poem, which tells the transformation of Chairman Mao from anxiety and anxiety to victory joy in the center of the Long March.
"Seven Laws: The Long March" is the pinnacle of Chairman Mao's Long March poetry, which is not only the epic of the Long March, but also the praise of the lofty revolutionary spirit of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army. Edgar Snow quoted this poem in His Journey to the West, making it the earliest work of Chairman Mao's poetry to meet readers around the world. The Long March is a great feat unprecedented in human history, and the Seven Laws of the Long March is an immortal masterpiece in the history of poetry creation. This poem vividly summarizes the combat course of the Red Army's Long March, and enthusiastically praises the spirit of revolutionary heroism and revolutionary optimism of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in bravery and invincibility. 56 words, loaded with a thousand hardships and obstacles on the Long March Road, full of the chinese Communist Party's heroic ambition. It is the magnificent epic of the Chinese revolution and the splendid pearl in the treasure house of Chinese poetry!
(4) "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun"
Born out of nowhere, Mang Kunlun, reading the spring colors of the world.
Three million jade dragons flew up, stirring up the cold of Zhou Tian.
In summer, the rivers are overflowing, and people may be fish turtles.
Who has ever commented on the sin of a thousand autumns?
And now I call Kunlun: don't be this high, don't be so snowy.
Andre leaned on the heavens to draw his sword and cut Ru into three sections?
One section of Europe, one cut of the United States, one cut of return to the East.
Taiping world, the world with this cool and hot.
Created in October 1935
After the Zunyi Conference, Chairman Mao commanded the Red Army to cross the Red River in four directions, flexibly and flexibly create fighters, move and fight, annihilate the enemy each one, and win more with less, thus turning passive into active. Then the enemy was unexpected, and the main force crossed the Wujiang River in the south, directly approaching Guiyang, and quickly marched westward, and in late April, it responded with one on the flank. At the beginning of May, it rushed to cross the Jinsha River, got rid of the encirclement and blockade of hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops, and won a decisive victory in the strategic transfer. As a result of the implementation of the correct ethnic policy, the Red Army successfully passed through the Yi area of Daliangshan. Then forcibly cross the Dadu River, fly over the Luding Bridge, and cross the Jiajin Mountain, which has snow all year round. In mid-June, he met with the Red Fourth Front at Maogong.
After the Red First and Fourth Fronts met with divisions, the Red Army took the establishment of revolutionary base areas in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu in the north as its strategic guideline. The Central Red Army crossed the Min Mountains, crossed the meadows, and completed the most arduous journey of the Long March, about to reach northern Shaanxi. In October, Chairman Mao climbed to the summit of Minshan Mountain, looked down at the vast Kunlun Mountains, looked down on the motherland, looked forward to the prospects of the Chinese revolution, was full of pride, and with the grandeur of a proletarian revolutionary and strategist, wrote the famous poem "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun", which was popular among the people: "Born in the sky, Mang Kunlun, read the spring colors of the world." Three million jade dragons flew up, stirring up the cold of Zhou Tian. In summer, the rivers are overflowing, and people may be fish turtles. Who has ever commented on the sin of a thousand autumns? And now I call Kunlun: don't be this high, don't be so snowy. Andre leaned on the heavens to draw his sword and cut Ru into three sections? One section of Europe, one cut of the United States, one cut of return to the East. Taiping world, the world with this cool and hot. ”
The first half of the word writes the magnificence of Kunlun Mountain, and the lower half expresses the great ideas of the poet, turning the purpose of transforming Kunlun into an infinitely beautiful picture, and a peaceful world with cool heat and suitable will eventually be realized.
Hou Wailu, a modern historian, thinker and educator, said: "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun" is a majestic and imposing word, and it is written using a combination of description, lyricism and discussion. There are realistic depictions of the majestic Kunlun Mountains in reality, and there are also romantic "three million flying jade dragons" rich imagination and extreme exaggeration, and give profound symbolic significance. With the broad mind of a proletarian revolutionary and with the help of the majestic and tall image of Kunlun Mountain, the poet expressed the transformation of the old world, the burial of imperialism, and the realization of the lofty ideals of communist society.
(5) "Qing Ping Le Liupan Mountain"
The sky is high and cloudy, looking at the flying geese in the south.
Less than the Great Wall is not a good man, the itinerary is twenty thousand.
The peak of Liupan Mountain, the red flag swept the west wind.
Today the long wisp is in hand, when will it tie the dragon?
In mid-September 1935, the Central Red Army entered southern Gansu. At the beginning of October, on the one hand, the Kuomintang mobilized heavy troops to "encircle and suppress" the revolutionary base areas in northern Shaanxi, and on the other hand, established a defensive line around Liupan Mountain in a vain attempt to encircle and annihilate the Red Army in the Long March. On October 7, the Red Army defeated the enemy cavalry regiment that had come to intercept at Qingshizui in LiupanShan, Ningxia, clearing the obstacles and getting rid of the pursuing enemy. In the afternoon of the same day, I jumped over Liupan Mountain.
Liupan Mountain is located on the Loess Plateau in southern Ningxia, which is the watershed between the Wei River and the Jing River, and the mountain road is winding and narrow, with an average altitude of more than 2500 meters, and the mountain is steep. Facing the high sky and white clouds in the west, the clear autumn atmosphere, and then gazing at the geese flying south, Mao Zedong expressed his feelings in his chest and wrote the song "Qingping Le Liupan Mountain": "The sky is high and the clouds are light, and the south flying geese are broken." Less than the Great Wall is not a good man, the itinerary is twenty thousand. The peak of Liupan Mountain, the red flag swept the west wind. Today the long wisp is in hand, when will it tie the dragon? ”
This poem not only expresses the heroic spirit of Chairman Mao and the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army under his leadership in bravery and danger and victoriously completed the Long March, but also expresses their ambition to carry the revolution through to the end. The poem is written in a scene, lyrical and clear, and flows naturally. The poet's perspective is from near and far, the emotions from joy to high-pitched and exciting, the structure is tight, not crowded, and the language is shallow and fresh but intriguing.
This poem reviews the journey of the Long March and expresses the iron will of the soldiers of the Red Army to bravely march forward and the firm belief in the victory of the War of Resistance. The word has a broad scene, rich meaning, bearing and turning, clear layers, and can be called a masterpiece in terms of artistic conception and artistic structure. It has been widely circulated in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and during the Liberation War, Yan'an Radio Station often recited and broadcast it.
This is a victory song for advancing in battle, an uplifting and fighting manifesto!
(6) "Six Words and Poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai"
The mountain is high and the road is far and deep,
The army is galloping.
Who dares to cross the knife?
Only I Am General Peng!
Created on October 21, 1935
Chairman Mao Wuqi town Xishan supervision, the battle ended, gave this poem to Peng Dehuai, Peng Dehuai received the poem, changed the last sentence to "only my heroic Red Army" and returned it to Chairman Mao. The poem was first published in the Newspaper of Comrades-in-Arms on August 1, 1947.
Two other poems are attached, one before and after the Long March:
(1) "Qingping Le Huichang"
The East wants to know, and Mo Daojun is early.
The people who have stepped through the green mountains are not old, and the scenery is unique here.
The peak outside Huichang City, upside down directly to Dongming.
The warrior pointed to Nanyue, which was even more lush.
Created in the summer of 1934
The poem was written at a time when the long march was about to begin. At that time, the war was urgent, and the "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Region by the Kuomintang army reached its peak. However, due to the erroneous left-leaning military line within the Party at that time, the Red Army suffered heavy losses and was at a critical juncture. At this time, Chairman Mao was ostracized and marginalized by the left-leaning dogmatists. Travel to Huichang and ascend the high summit Changshan Mountain northwest of Huichang City. Chairman Mao stood on the mountain and looked out into the distance, looking at the mountains and mountains, triggering poetry, and wrote this poem "Qingping Le Huichang." The poem was first published in the January 1957 issue of Poetry Journal.
Although his mood was bitter, he was not depressed. "More lush" and "the scenery is good on this side" are even more expressed that Chairman Mao can maintain an optimistic and open-minded state of mind even in the face of adversity, and his firm confidence in the victory of communism!
With the defeat of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, chairman Mao's poem was written shortly after it was written, he received an urgent letter from Ruijin asking him to rush back.
This indicates that the unprecedented and world-renowned Long March is about to begin.
The language of the word is shallow and deep, tightly structured and not overly provocative. In the expression of the same sentiments and scenes, the grand theme is easily explained with the heroic spirit of swallowing mountains and rivers, showing Chairman Mao's extraordinary leadership spirit!
(2) "Qinyuan Spring Snow"
The scenery of the northern country, thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow.
Looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall, only the rest is reckless; the great river is up and down, and it is suddenly lost.
Mountain dancing silver snake, the original chi wax elephant, wants to be higher than the Tiangong test.
On a sunny day, look at the red dress, especially charming.
There are so many delicate rivers and mountains, causing countless heroes to bend their waists.
Emperor Han Wu of Qin lost his literary style slightly; Emperor Songzu of Tang was slightly inferior.
A generation of heavenly pride, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow to shoot large eagles.
Count the popular characters, and look at the present dynasty.
Created in February 1936
The Central Red Army completed the Great Long March and triumphantly reached the revolutionary base area in northern Shaanxi, which gave great encouragement to the people of the whole country. In February 1936, the Red Army organized the Eastern Crusade troops to prepare to cross the Yellow River in the east to fight against Japan. When passing through Yuanjiagou in Qingjian County, northern Shaanxi, it coincided with heavy snowfall. Chairman Mao climbed onto the snow-covered mound, and when the great rivers and mountains were displayed in front of Mao Zedong's eyes, he could not help but sigh with emotion, and his poetry flourished, and he gladly wrote the magnificent and majestic poem "Qinyuan Spring and Snow": "The scenery of the northern country, thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow." Looking at the inside and outside of the Great Wall, only the rest is reckless; the great river is up and down, and it is suddenly lost. Mountain dancing silver snake, the original chi wax elephant, wants to be higher than the Tiangong test. On a sunny day, look at the red dress, especially charming. There are so many delicate rivers and mountains, causing countless heroes to bend their waists. Emperor Han Wu of Qin lost his literary style slightly; Emperor Songzu of Tang was slightly inferior. A generation of heavenly pride, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow to shoot large eagles. Count the popular characters, and look at the present dynasty. ”
"Qinyuan Spring and Snow" highlights the majesty and atmosphere of Chairman Mao's style of words, and fully demonstrates the majestic and magnificent style of his poems, which can be described as a unique song for eternity. Liu Yazi said: "Mao Run's Qinyuan Spring Is a Song, Yu Tui is a song for thousands of years, although Dongpo and You'an are still stunned, not to mention the Southern Tang Xiaoling and the Southern Song Dynasty. ”
In 1957, the inaugural issue of the Poetry Journal was published for the first time in Qinyuan Chunxue, which was personally reviewed and edited by Chairman Mao. In 1958, Chairman Mao commented on the title of the poem: "Snow, anti-feudalism, a criticism of a reactionary aspect of two thousand years of feudalism." ...... The last three sentences refer to the proletariat. ”
Bai Juyi said: "Articles are written for the times, and songs and poems are written for the sake of things." Chairman Mao's long march poems artistically depict the fighting course of the Red Army's Long March, enthusiastically praise the revolutionary spirit of the Red Army that is not afraid of hardships and dangers, are heroic and tenacious, and contain the great pride and ambition of the Chinese Communists, which is a magnificent epic of the Chinese revolution and a splendid pearl in the treasure house of Chinese poetry.
The poems composed by Chairman Mao between arduous marching and commanding battles are brilliant pearls embedded in the red ribbon of the Long March and are splendid treasures in the corridor of Chinese revolutionary history and culture.
These classic works left by Chairman Mao during the Long March can arouse our enthusiasm and fighting spirit every time they are read.
No matter how big the wind and rain are, the road ahead is difficult,
We also have to come against the wind and go to our dreams!
The Long March is a manifesto, the Long March is a propaganda team, and the Long March is a seeding machine.
Inherit the spirit of the Long March, do not bear the instructions of the predecessors!
"Count the popular characters, and look at the present dynasty!"
(This article refers to Xinhua Net, Guangming Net, People's Liberation Army Daily, Baidu, NetEase and other pictures and texts, and thank you together here)