About the old jade jewelry hole thread problem, is too much like stone jewelry objects friends are most concerned about, here on this issue, to jade and agate materials as an example, to provide some about the stone drilling technology and presentation status for your reference.
If you look at the excavated jewelry more, you will find that from the early punching to the punching of the Republic of China, the thread is actually becoming more and more obvious.
The evolution of the drilling tools used by craftsmen allows us to find the best basis, so as not to jump to conclusions based on the misleading or biased understanding of individuals!
In the Neolithic age, humans have used sharper high-hardness stones to punch holes in the corners.
During the Bronze Age, people began to use copper for carbonization to make it more hard, that is, to use alloy needles to punch holes.
After the han dynasty, iron and steel metals appeared.
We can understand the forging and quenching technology in the history of Chinese civilization, as early as the Spring and Autumn Warring States, Chinese has invented the casting density artificial transformation technology, quenching technology, anti-rust chromization technology these three epoch-making metallurgical technology.
The Western Han Dynasty has entered the era of steelmaking in human history due to the development of iron smelting and steelmaking technology, and the metallurgical technology and metal processing technology of the Western Han Dynasty are unprecedented in human history and the most developed in the world at that time.
In fact, if you specifically talk about the source of iron, it is much earlier, Chinese have known iron as early as 3300 years ago, familiar with the forging properties of iron, identified the difference in the nature of iron and bronze, and cast iron in the blade of the weapon at that time to strengthen the toughness of copper.
Before 120 BC, Chinese invented the steelmaking method, and the Western foreign devils only learned the steelmaking method in 1856.
However, from the archaeological aspect, it is understood that the technology of the past was not all rough, irregular, ugly, and no better than today.
In fact, we should think, for example, in the collection appraisal activities, we often hear experts say that the level of ming and qing porcelain manufacturing technology has reached an unprecedented level, and the level of jingdezhen porcelain production technology has dropped significantly after Tongzhi. Many of our things today are inferior to the ancients in the bad pursuit of industrialization's market-oriented profits. If you think about it, it is clear that behind us, there is an omnipresent helplessness and the deception of craftsmanship and quality.
To talk about the punching technology of the Qing dynasty, we must also talk about the material composite and quenching technology of the metal blade.
Conservatively speaking, nearly three thousand years ago, Chinese has mastered the quenching, which is the highest ancient skill in human civilization at that time, our ancestors have adopted special chemical processes to scientifically quench metal objects, compared with the earlier traditional pure cold water quenching, metal hardness and toughness can be said to have undergone a huge qualitative change.
Our ancients will be fried steel through repeated folding and forging, so that the initial natural structure of smelting steel deformation, called hundred steelmaking technology, the steel made after repeated forging can eliminate impurities in the material, reduce the content of residual inclusions, so that its composition tends to be uniform, the organization tends to be dense, refine the grain, and finally improve the performance of the steel.
More than 2,000 years ago, we ancients could make swords that cut iron like mud, and punch holes in jewelry is something.
The jade excavated by Sanxingdui has been authoritatively identified and identified by experts at home and abroad, and it is actually in the Neolithic era of primitive society from 9,000 to 12,000 years ago, but its cutting method subverts the line cutting method that we usually know, which is completely the effect of modern high-hardness roulette sawing, that is, it is definitely not a line cutting, then, there is no different way, and it is still impossible to solve.
Excavated from the ancient human site of Lingjiatan in Anhui Province, more than 5300 years ago, a 0.17 mm diameter pipe core drilled on the jade with a diameter of no more than 0.15 mm is thinner than a human hair, which is the earliest pipe drilling process technology discovered so far. The ancients punched holes in jade to the finest extent, and we have to use ultrasonic waves to imitate them today. Of course, it is said that there are also experts who have made breakthroughs in experimenting with the sand drilling method of the ancients. This is not a detailed exploration, now let's talk about the pore performance of ancient jewelry, especially stone jewelry objects.
First of all, to break the common sense error, that is, the holes in the ancient jewelry must be large, we have seen thousands of years ago, the diameter of the jade hole is 0.17 mm, which is less than one-fifth the size of 1 mm.
Usually we know jade is punched and ground with a solid cone tool dipped in jade sand. Or use a bone or bamboo tube to dip the jade sand for grinding. The front cone is the first to promote shark tooth material, which is much harder than jade.
From the Qing Dynasty's account of the difference, it can be seen that the sand used in jade is called black stone sand, red stone sand, yellow stone sand, and baosha, also referred to as black sand, red sand, and yellow sand. Among them, black sand is likely to be corundum sand with a hardness of up to 9 on the Mohs scale. Then this kind of hard particles, in the grinding, must grind out a spiral pattern on the wall of the pore, even if the string rope is worn for a very long time, the pattern of the pore channel is still visible, but it is much softer.
Therefore, small pores must be finely dissolved sand to study and grind, which requires long-lasting effort, and can only be used for extremely valuable objects; while large pores must be ground with large particles of sand, and the screws are much thicker, mainly used for batch products. The screws of the ancient large aperture are very similar to the form of today's equipment, not easy to distinguish, the best method is the overall analysis, especially the degree of surface aging of the object and the slurry, some of the environmental slurry is not obvious, it depends on the surface aging state and the pore state and other performance. The screws on the hole are obvious, and they are more manifested in stone objects that are harder than jade, such as agate.
In use, the regional population is different, the rope and fur used are different, the use of different environments, the location of the jewel bead ring and the adjacent objects or accessories are different, the degree of grinding is also different, the hardness of the object or the material wear resistance is different, the material of the object, the shape, the punching method, and other conditions will be different, always passed down and worn to play and occasional festival wear, into the soil for a long time, the silk pattern in the hole will certainly be obvious, or when it is buried, it is a special burial object, it has not been used at all, and it has been seen after a hundred years and thousands of years. You can't say it's not getting old. Kong Guangliang is not necessarily old, and the damaged appearance is not necessarily the oldest. In short, the judgment hole may require a lot of wind and an understanding of its various backgrounds, and it must be judged by the grinding of the appearance of the years or the underground changes produced by the soil over time.
What should be suggested is that the expression of the channel cannot be defined deadly, and the comprehensive condition judgment is the last word.
Illustrations:
(The article is from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the original author!) ）