During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Feizi, the founding monarch of the Qin Dynasty, was enfeoffed with Qin land for his meritorious service in raising horses, "Yi zhi Qin, so that the restoration of the Yin clan, the name of Qin Wei". In the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Duke Xiang of Qin was given the land west of the Qishan Mountains for escorting the King of Zhou Ping to qiandu, and the State of Qin was ranked as a prince. However, the development of the Qin state was not smooth, and by the time of Qin Mugong, the Qin state clashed with the Jin state, which was also in a state of rapid expansion, until Qin Mugong gave up the eastward expansion and instead developed westward, and the confrontation between the two countries came to a temporary end. "Open the land for thousands of miles, and then dominate Xi Rong" is really helpless to defeat the Jin state, why is it difficult for Qin Mugong to dominate the Central Plains?
First, the wisdom is not recognized, and Qin and Jin are evil
The state of Qin was able to usher in a period of strength and prosperity in the hands of Qin Mugong, because of the insight of Qin Mugong, including the famous "Five Doctors" Baili Xi, Yu Yu, and Uncle Jian, who carefully assisted Qin Mugong to achieve the hegemony of Xi Rong. However, Qin Mugong also had a situation of failure, because he wanted to support the Jin monarch who was not too strong, and Qin Mugong successively made good friends with Jin Huigong and Jin Huai, and also sent grain and married his daughter. However, when the Duke Hui of Jin, who was like a lost dog, put on a magnificent crown, he immediately tore up the agreement with Duke Mu of Qin to cut off the land, and used the words "The land of the land is the land of the first king, and the king died outside, so why should he be good at allowing the Qin?" "As an excuse to send emissaries from the Qin state." The Jin Dynasty was in a famine, and Qin Mugong sent a large number of ships to carry Wan Hu grain, and the eight hundred miles of road were connected end to end, and there was an endless stream, which was called the "Battle of Pan Boating" in history.
When there was a famine in the Qin state, Qin Mugong borrowed grain from the Jin state, and the Jin Huigong not only betrayed his faith and refused Qin Mugong's request, but also sent troops to attack the Qin state, so that Qin Mugong would bite his teeth fiercely. This operation of the Duke Hui of Jin also caused him to be punished, and after the Qin state survived the famine, Qin Mugong sent troops to attack the Jin state. Duke Hui of Jin not only became a prisoner of Qin Mugong, but also had to cede the promised land of Hexi, and also left his son Gongzi Yuan as a hostage. Duke Mu of Qin wanted to control Gongzi Yuan, so he married his daughter to him. However, later, when Duke Hui of Jin fell ill and died, Gongzi Yuan quietly fled the Qin state to the Jin state to inherit the throne, for the Duke of Jin, and the wishful thinking of The Duke of Qin Mu was once again frustrated.
Second, the male lord took the throne, and Qin and Jin lost peace
The failure of the two investments did not make Qin Mugong give up, and he set his sights on the exiled foreign prince Zhong'er, and once again married his daughter to him, and treated him more courteously. In the twenty-fourth year of the Duke of Qin (636 BC), Duke Mu of Qin helped Zhong'er return to China to ascend the throne as the monarch, in order to serve the Duke Wen of Jin. Jin Wengong was also a man who knew how to repay the favor, and when he went back, he killed the Duke of Jin Huai, and from then on, the Jin state and the Qin state began a short honeymoon period. Qin Mugong's ambition to plot against Zhongyuan was not destroyed by successive blows, but what he did not expect was that Jin Wengong had the same ambition. In the twenty-fifth year of the Duke of Qin (635 BC), the Zhou royal family broke out in the Zi belt rebellion, and Zhou Tianzi's urgent documents were sent to the nearest Qin and Jin countries. Just when Qin Mugong was planning to raise an army against King Qin, Zhao Wan, the Grand Master of the Jin Dynasty, also discovered the benefits of King Qin with a keen sense of smell. "Seeking hegemony is like entering the King's Zun Zhou." Zhou Jin has the same surname, Jin does not enter the king first, and then Qin enters it, and does not order the world. Fang Jinzun King, Jin Zhi zi also", Zhao Wan's suggestion was approved by the Duke Wen of Jin, and the Jin army not only successfully escorted King Xiang of Zhou back to the Zhou capital Luoyi, but also beheaded the rebellious prince Belt, and King Xiang of Zhou was greatly moved, and gave Hanoi and Yangfan to the Jin state, while the Qin state that followed the troops did not get anything substantive.
In the thirty-second year of The Duke of Qin (628 BC), Duke Wen of Jin and Duke Wen of Zheng died, and Qin Mugong believed that the obstacle blocking the eastern exit of the Qin State had fallen, so he sent troops to attack the State of Zheng, and at the same time looked for an opportunity to compete with the State of Jin for hegemony. However, the three generals Meng Mingshi, Xi Qishu, and Bai Yibing were not very contentious, and they were repeatedly defeated, and Qin Mugong also accompanied them in repeated defeats, and the good of Qin and Jin before them was exhausted in the war. After several painful defeats, Meng Mingshi fought with the Qin army, and finally defeated the Jin state, buried and sacrificed the soldiers who died tragically at Kunshan Mountain.
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Third, the strategic shift, to dominate Xi rong
Although he was lucky to win, Qin Mugong also woke up from the dream of dominating the Central Plains, and he painfully thought about it, took the advice of the counselor Yu Yu, and no longer continued to head iron to the east, but turned his eyes to the west. At that time, the western part of the Qin state was full of Rong Di barbarians, and their relations with the Qin state were good and bad, of which the most powerful Xi Rong states were: Mianzhu, Qirong, Yiqu, Wushi, Shuyan, Dali, Zhirong, etc., and were once strong enemies of the Qin state. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there are records of the Rong people's state, and whether it is the Shang Dynasty or the Zhou Dynasty, the Qin people are fighting in the front line of the Western Province, guarding the frontier for the royal family, and even several generations of monarchs have died on the battlefield. Therefore, after the eastward march into the Central Plains was fruitless, Qin Mugong hoped to find a breakthrough from the west.
In the thirty-sixth year of Qin Mugong (624 BC), with the assistance of Yu and others, Qin Mugong's army went out to attack Xirong, and with lightning speed, quickly conquered more than twenty small rongdi states, not only stabilized the rear area, but also obtained a large amount of land, and was able to "concurrently conquer the twelve kingdoms and open up thousands of miles". These achievements made Qin Mugong famous, and even Zhou Tianzi sent representatives to express congratulations, sending the golden drum and the title of "Uncle of the Western Princes", and the Qin State also determined the status of the four great powers in the Spring and Autumn Period and the foundation for the future to take over the world.