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boat
It was the ancients in social activities
Commonly used water transport
The Sayings explain:
Boats, boats also.
Qing Ren Duan Yu Cut Note:
The ancients spoke of boats, and the Han people spoke of boats
Mao interpreted the ancients in the language of the present, so the yunzhou is the ship of the present
The cruise ships of the Three Gardens of the Yuanming Dynasty were the main means of transportation for the emperors and concubines of the Qing Dynasty, and formed a striking water scenery with exquisite craftsmanship and rich shapes. The French missionary F. Aticht, who had worked in architectural painting in the Yuanmingyuan and was employed by the Qianlong Emperor, F. A. In a letter to his friends in Paris, ATTIRET mentioned images that he remembered: people passing through these streams, rivers and lakes in open, luxurious boats. I once saw a boat that was 28 feet long and 24 feet wide, and had a very beautiful house built on it.
Qing Xu Yang's "Gusu Prosperous Map" in the rich shape of the river boat
The ancients often used the pattern of constructing buildings on ships. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, large "building ships" appeared in China, and the "YuHuang Ship" of the Southern Wu Kingdom was the most famous one at that time. Although the ship pavilions of the Three Gardens of the Yuanming Dynasty are not as large as those of ancient warships, the relationship with the landscape environment is more balanced and coordinated, forming a moving palace on the lake.
Depending on the class, the size of the boat and the complexity of the structure vary. The more important royal boats often have the same decoration as physical buildings, with floor-to-ceiling covers, flying covers, book grids and other hardwood partitions divided into independent cabins, the number of cabins from one to several, the viewing, rest, eating, entertainment and other functional areas for different purposes are separated, and decorated with tables and chairs, calligraphy and painting, furnishings, and mats; the entrances and exits inside and outside the cabin are equipped with partitions, hanging curtains, and glass windows embedded in the walls, which are conducive to lighting.
Partial drawings
Some of the top of the cabin are made into platforms, connected by stairs, and some add various roofs at the top, and even in the form of hooks, painted with color paintings, which improves the ornamentation. This shows that the royal boat is not only a means of transportation, but also an element of decorating the landscape inside the garden.
Boats docked near Siyi Bookstore 【Forty Views of the Old Summer Palace (Partial)】
The Royal Boat of the Three Gardens of the Yuanmingyuan is a masterpiece accumulated by the imperial court production unit headed by the emperor in the long-term practice process, which covers a wide range of functions, not only focusing on the experience of swimming the lake during rafting, but also improving the entertainment attributes of the internal space of the royal boat, which can be used for the emperor to read, drink tea, and admire the moon. Some of the royal boats also have ingenious small designs, for example, the Yinghai Flying Dragon Ship has appeared on a small stage, which brings the ancient art of opera to the water.
The emperor of the Qing Dynasty loved to go boating in the Yuanming Three Gardens in his leisure time, and created many poems for swimming in the lake, but there were not many poems dedicated to the theme of the royal boat, and Qianlong wrote "Titled Ping'an Moon Mirror Residence": "Cut the peaceful bamboo and pretend to be a moon mirror residence." Lying in the air is often general, and it is easy to send. Xiangpu painting is not illusory, and Huanggangji is also illusory. General Gentleman Number, in the water friend Fleur. The construction process of the hull brought his thoughts to Wang Yuwei's Huanggang Bamboo Building. Another song "Titled Moon Ship":
Title: Moon Ship
【Qing】Qianlong
Gradually look like a round of wheels, Lan Juniper pan mirror in the sky.
The lake is full of splendid embroidery, and the song and cicadas on the shore are noisy.
The candles are lit with the boat, and the quail collects the smoke of the broken creek.
Flying drunk moon is not my business, and in a few moments, he chants seven words.
Year after year, the month is flattened, a case of toad light and jade.
But the circle of light and the void are combined, who knows the secret flow of the present and the past.
At first listening to the clam language to urge the disabled day, I watched the reed flowers lead to autumn.
Tired and no need to sigh, picking flowers has long been realized.
The poem depicts what the author saw, heard, and felt during the moonlit night boat. The full moon in the sky casts a clear glow, the lotus flowers, water birds, and mist along the way slowly unfold like a picture, and the insects and cicadas chirp in the ears, which makes people happy, and the end of the poem reveals the poet's understanding of Zen. The inscriptions of the royal boats have certain allusions, full of auspicious meanings and mythological colors.
The imperial boat is the most important type of royal boat, and the royal boats in the three gardens of the Yuanming Dynasty are mainly "boats", and the common one is "six boats". These ships have special parking places, and five places are mentioned in the archives: the Tibetan Boat Dock, the West Dock, and the South Dock in the Yuanmingyuan; the Changchun Garden Dockyard; and the Qichun Garden Dockyard. In fact, there are some small dock buildings that are not recorded. Proper storage in the dock when the vessel is idle can effectively extend the service life.
Qing Zhou Kun's "Lin Zhong Midsummer Diagram" (depicting the scene of the Fuhai boating in the Yuanmingyuan)
Among the hundreds of ships in the heyday of the Three Gardens, the proportion of the Imperial Palace Boat was actually not high, and more boats were used by the entourage, eunuchs, and soldiers for patrols. The "Great Qing Huidian" recorded some special types of ships, such as "light boats", "garden boats", "more boats", "dining boats", "small shed boats", "lock river boats", "cow tongue boats", "goose tail boats", "red oil wine boats", "bamboo boats", etc. Literally, it is not difficult to see that such ships are either named after function or named after material shapes, and are work boats used by managers in places such as guarding, making changes and delivering meals.
The northern winter climate is harsh, and at the end of each year and the beginning of the year, the surface of the Yuanmingyuan, Changchunyuan and Qichunyuan lakes will be covered with a thick layer of ice, at which time the ships will not be able to use, and the emperor will use "dragging beds" to travel through the frozen lake. A mop bed, or "ice bed", as the name suggests, is a means of transport towed on the ice. Mr. Zhang Zhongge's "Yuanmingyuan Plaque" records that there is a bed in the garden name "Jade Kettle Heaven", from the images left over from the Qing Dynasty, the shape of this means of transport is very similar to that of the ship, but the front and back distances are narrow, there are cabins similar to the cabin, the emperor can keep warm and cold inside, and the occasional "bed" in the literature should also refer to this.
The topographical conditions dominated by flat land, earthy mountains and waters determined that the Qing Emperor's way of traveling in the Three Gardens of the Yuanming Dynasty was shoulder to shoulder, horseback and boat. The complex functions of the boat and the changing characteristics of the water excursion route make the fun of the boat ride more prominent, and the royal boat is truly the most distinctive means of transportation in the Yuanming Three Gardens.
Qing Zhang Tingyan and Zhou Kun co-painted the large royal boat in the "Yuan Xi Kai Feast"
Through rafting, the Qing emperor moved back and forth in political space and living space, shuttling back and forth between various scenic spots, maintaining a balance between work and entertainment, and the variety of landscape elements on the waterway also greatly alleviated the monotony of the walking process. The Royal Boat of the Three Gardens of the Yuanming Dynasty has a comprehensive function, which not only maintains waterway traffic, but also corresponds to different activity scenes, and has both ornamental and entertainment functions, providing a platform for the ruling class to watch, feast and listen to plays, and expanding the space for royal entertainment.
In the Qing Dynasty Imperial Garden, the water system of the Three Gardens of the Yuanmingyuan is the most complex, and the types of water landscapes are also the most abundant, in this context, the number and quality of ships are among the best. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, the ships of another important imperial garden, the Summer Resort, also reached their peak, but only 29 ships (including royal ships and miscellaneous ships) were recorded in the archives, not even one-sixth of the three gardens of the Yuanming Dynasty. It can be seen that on the scale and degree of development of water transportation, the Three Gardens of the Yuanming Dynasty are more representative, which reflects the situation of water transportation in the Qing Dynasty.
We are today
You may not be able to see the beauty of the royal boat
But you can choose
Take a boat ride at the Old Summer Palace
Boating on the lake
Experience the scenery of the water
Feel the charm of the royal gardens
[edit]
Wang Xiaoyan