Before reading it, please click "Follow", which is convenient for you to discuss and share, and can bring you a different sense of participation, thank you for your support.
Wen 丨 Spit dissatisfied phlegm entertainment
Editor丨Spit dissatisfied phlegm
preface
China is a multi-ethnic country with 56 ethnic groups, of which the Han Chinese account for the largest proportion of the population. The Chinese nation has a long history, each ethnic group has a unique lifestyle and beliefs, the Hui do not eat pork, the Manchus do not eat dog meat, so what about the Han? Do Han people also have such food taboos?
Why don't the Hui eat pork
Most of the Hui believe in Islam, and according to the Islamic classic, the Quran, it is clearly recorded that pork is forbidden. Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century, pigs were considered unclean animals in the Arabian Peninsula at that time, and the Islamic people saw that pigs ate everything, whether it was roadside swill or dirt bugs, and felt that it was unclean, and was the source of infection of various diseases and plagues.
This statement was also recorded in ancient China, and Li Shizhen mentioned in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" that pork was "bitter, slightly cold, slightly poisonous, long-term use to close blood veins, weak muscles and bones." But he agreed with the use of lard, mentioning the many benefits of eating lard. It can be seen that Li Shizhen did not reject pork, but did not recommend eating more.
The living environment of pigs is very dirty compared to other animals, after all, when raising pigs in the past, pigs were penalized, leftovers were poured into it, and the dirty environment and pigs were stupid and stupid, so that the Hui people regarded pigs as unclean animals, in order not to be contaminated with such qualities, they did not eat pork from the ancient dietary taboos, and it was very taboo to mention pigs.
Muslims believe in Islam, the reason for not eating pork is a matter of faith, absolute loyalty to the orders of the Allah, and many forbidden acts, such as the prohibition of eating pork, must have wisdom beyond the understanding of the human mind. Allah are absolutely benevolent and loving to believers, and the behavior of believers is forbidden to prevent harm, such as teachers forbidding students to cheat.
Many religions around the world follow the "divine will" and prohibit certain diets, such as Hinduism and Buddhism, which practice a comprehensive vegetarian diet. There are many meats that are not suitable for human consumption, pork is taken as typical, and the harmfulness of pork to the human body is a fact that has always been fully affirmed by zoologists and medical scientists.
Pigs' living habits are very dirty and their resistance to diseases is very strong, so pigs carry more parasites and viruses harmful to the human body than any animal, and can survive and reproduce in the human body for a long time, burrow into the stomach, liver and brain, and even cause death. In addition, pork itself is a high-fat gene animal type, pork has a strong effect of stimulating the growth of human fat, making people fatten and puffy, increasing the burden on the heart.
Why don't the Manchus eat dog meat
The Manchus are a wise people, but also a good at absorbing foreign culture and integrating innovation, the Manchus are a nation on horseback, the people on horseback also raise hunting dogs, can help horses drive wolves away, for the owner to drive away the threat, so dogs occupy a very important position in the life of the Manchus. The Manchus needed bows and arrows, fast horses, and hunting dogs in ancient times.
Therefore, for the Manchus, it is not only a pet, but also a "right-hand man", which can help the Manchus hunt and play an auxiliary role.
When Nurhachi was working as an orderly, Li Chengliang, the commander-in-chief, found that he had seven red moles on the soles of his feet, that is, he was regarded as a criminal of the imperial court and wanted to escort him to the capital to receive a reward. It was only with the help of Mrs. Ziwei, the chief soldier's aunt, that he was able to escape. When Nurhachi fled to the reed pond, the pursuers set fire just to catch Nurhach. Nurhachi fell asleep in hunger, but thanks to the big yellow dog that followed him into the water and extinguished the fire on him with his body hair, Nurhachi was rescued.
When Nur Hachi woke up and saw the big yellow dog around him who was exhausted to death in order to save himself, he realized that it was the yellow dog who saved his life, so after Nur Hachi established the Jin Kingdom, he did not forget the yellow dog's life-saving grace and ordered that the descendants could never harm the dog.
In ancient times, the Manchus lived by hunting, and dogs were their loyal companions and right-hand men, so a special bond was established between the Manchus and dogs, and dogs were regarded as members of the family. The deep respect and cherishing of dogs in the Manchus transcends the boundaries of food. The loyal dog saved Nurhachi and regarded the dog as his friend, and could not bear to eat dog meat.
Manchus have been hunting for a long time, using dogs to pull and climb the plow, becoming an important tool, the Manchus also have the custom of respecting dogs, usually carefully feeding dogs, they do not fight dogs to kill dogs, do not eat dog meat, and even foreigners wear dog skin hats into Manchu homes, the owner will be unhappy.
The biggest trait of dogs is loyalty, intelligence, which is the reason why many people like to feed dogs, no animal is as conscientious as dogs for grazing livestock, they are our partners, friends, and allies. There are also dogs in the army who make merit, and there will be some dogs in the army and let the dogs catch the enemy when fighting. Hunters have hunting dogs, and when catching animals, dogs run fast and can catch up with animals.
There are very few dietary taboos for the Han people
Compared with other ethnic groups, the Han people have fewer taboo foods and are not strict in fasting, and non-fasting animals are also fasted under certain conditions. Flying in the air, swimming in the water, running on the ground, drilling in the soil, the Han people dare to eat, so that people joke about the Han people: "Those with wings do not eat airplanes, those with legs do not eat benches, and those with hair do not eat dusters." ”
Han people seem to have no taboos in food culture, birds and animals can eat the habit, where is there any taboo? In fact, Han people also have meat that cannot be eaten, which is in a specific historical period.
As a very important production tool, a family without cattle cultivation, if you want to clear an acre of wasteland, then it takes at least ten days, digging soil, cleaning broken stones, weeds and other odd chores need to be done. But if you own a ploughing cow, it only takes two or three days to open an acre of land. Owning a ploughing cow is very precious, so people cherish it, how can they be willing to eat it?
As large livestock, cattle are also very difficult to raise and expensive. Therefore, there is a very strict jurisdiction over cattle, and the government stipulates that the people cannot slaughter cattle at will, let alone ordinary people to eat beef at will. In addition, cattle that die of illness or due to other special circumstances need to be processed in accordance with the official mandatory requirements after being recorded by the government.
Once the Han people ate beef privately in ancient times, once they were reported, they would be caught in the Yamen for punishment, so it is said that the Han people are not allowed to eat beef for a certain period of time. It is recorded in the "Biography of Bao Zheng" that Bao Zheng went to Changxian County to order the day, and soon after he arrived in office, he met a peasant family who came to report to the official, saying that he found that his family's cattle had been cut off in the middle of the night.
This precious cow is a ploughing cow, the cow has its tongue cut and is on the verge of death, but the person who committed the crime cannot be found, once the cow dies, the family cannot plow the land, the financial road is cut off, and the peasant family is very anxious and at a loss. Bao Zheng ordered him to go home and slaughter the cow and eat it, but he would not survive anyway.
The county commander did not dare not listen to his orders, so he went home and slaughtered the cow and ate it. The next day, someone came to report that this peasant family had slaughtered the cultivated cattle privately, and Bao Zheng sneered after hearing this, and found the murderer. This reflects from the side face that in ancient times, ordinary people could not eat beef, and once they ate beef privately and were reported, they would be caught and punished in the Yamen.
Ancient reasons for forbidden cattle
According to the Book of Rites, in order to distinguish between the norms of hierarchy and inferiority, the Duke of Zhou formulated that the princes "did not kill cattle for no reason". The cow has thus become a symbol of status hierarchy, first of all, the cow is a heavenly product of the Son of Heaven, and the princes cannot use it casually, and the cow represents the authority and identity of the Son of Zhou Tianzi during the sacrifice. If it is necessary to slaughter cattle for special purposes, the approval of Zhou Tianzi is required.
Secondly, in ancient times, "cow ears" have a special meaning, in the Spring and Autumn period is more popular princes to meet the alliance, the princes fight first, the victor summons several princes to a meeting, at the meeting the hegemon will "hold the bull ear" to preside over the alliance, cut off the cow ears, put them in the plate, the main alliance holds a plate and invites the participants in the alliance to taste the ox blood alliance oath, smearing the cow blood on the lips, calling it "blood for the alliance".
The person who serves the plate is called the "cow ear", which represents the position with the most power to speak among the princes, so the ox has become the exclusive enjoyment of the son of Zhou Tianzi and the overlord among the princes, and is a symbol of "king" power or "hegemony" power. The princes cannot be killed casually, and even more so the common people, but the common people can raise cattle and sell cattle.
Ancient times is the era of cold weapons, the "three treasures" on the cow, that is, cow tendon, horn, cow hide is an important raw material for weapons and equipment, ancient prohibition of slaughtering cattle, if the cow is sick and dies, then the slaughter must first report to the official, the government sent people to the scene to supervise, take away the useful beef tendon, horn and cow hide, beef can eat itself. Beef tendon and horn are mainly used to make bows and are the strengthening materials for bows. Cowhide is used to make armor linings or military coats, war drums, and so on.
Other ethnic minority food hobbies
The mainland is a multi-ethnic country, and the 56 ethnic groups have different eating habits, but they are harmonious and different.
The daily diet of Hui compatriots has a typical Islamic halal style, and the representative food includes stewed haggis, roast mutton, cannon paste, dumplings, rolled fruits, etc.; Tibetan compatriots love to eat pasta made of barley or peas in their dietary life, representing dishes such as fried enemas, hand-grasped mutton, steamed beef tongue, etc., and do not have the habit of eating seafood and seafood, and do not love to eat fish.
Mongolian dietary life pays attention to red food and white food, red food mainly refers to meat food, white food mainly refers to dairy products. Mongolian compatriots are inseparable from tea every day, and milk tea is the most common drink; The Dai people do not like to eat mutton, love to eat ant eggs, sauerkraut, love to eat food made of glutinous rice, representative dishes include fried cowhide, beef skin, fire fish and so on.
epilogue
Fifty-six ethnic groups and fifty-six flowers, all ethnic groups are hugged together like pomegranate seeds, each ethnic group has its own food culture, we should sincerely and sincerely respect the living habits and food hobbies of other ethnic groups. Only mutual respect can deepen mutual understanding and trust among all ethnic groups, promote national unity and safeguard national unity.