Wen | Shi Qianfeng
Editor|Shi Qianfeng
Introduction:
A jewel of the glory days of the Inca Empire, the Sacred Valley of Chaniawal is located in Peru and is known as the heart of the Inca Empire. This mysterious and magnificent land is rich in agricultural resources, breathtaking ruins and a unique cultural heritage. As an important part of the Inca Empire, the Sacred Valley of Chaniavar witnessed the wisdom, creativity, and ruling power of the Incas.
Geography and environment
The Sacred Valley of Chaniawal is strategically located in the central region of Peru. It is located in the Waitrakocha Valley in the Andes and spans between about 600 and 3,800 meters above sea level. Bordered by the city of Cusco to the east, the Madanile River to the west, the Maranillón River to the north, and the Vercabamba Mountains to the south, the region is a vast and diverse area.
The geographical features of the Sacred Valley of Chaniawal are rich and diverse. The Andes Mountains surround the land, with undulating mountains and peaks. Between the valleys flow rushing rivers, the most important of which are the Urubamba, Vilcabamba and Marañón rivers. The flow of rivers is abundant, providing the land with abundant water resources. The Sacred Valley of Chanyayawar also has a vast plain area suitable for agriculture.
The climatic conditions in the Sacred Valley of Chanyayavar vary depending on the terrain. The mountain region has a cool climate with lower temperatures, while the river valley region has a warm climate. Depending on the altitude, the climate of the region can be divided into subtropical mountain climate and subtropical highland climate. Due to its location near the equator, the average annual temperature is relatively stable, but the temperature difference between day and night is large. This climatic condition provides favorable conditions for the growth of crops.
The Sacred Valley of Chaniayavar is rich in natural resources and made an important contribution to the prosperity of the Inca Empire. The area is rich in mineral resources, including copper, silver, gold and more. The Incas skillfully used these mineral resources to make crafts and ornaments, demonstrating their superb metalworking skills. The Sacred Valley of Chanyayawar is also rich in forest resources for the acquisition of wood and the production of building materials.
Agriculture and food production
The Incas established a complex and efficient irrigation system in the sacred valley of Chaniawal, which provided a stable source of water for agricultural production. They skillfully use rainfall and melting snow water from the mountains to channel water into farmland through a series of canals and waterways. These canals and waterways are precisely planned and constructed so that water is evenly distributed across the fields and sufficient irrigation of crops. The Incas also built dams and reservoirs to store water during the dry season and to ensure irrigation needs for farmland.
In the Sacred Valley of Chaniavar, the Incas cultivated a variety of staple crops to meet the food needs of the vast population of the empire. The most important of these crops are corn and potatoes. Corn was one of the staple foods of the Inca Empire, with a vast cultivation area and abundant varieties. The Incas adopted a variety of cultivation methods, including terraced and sloped cultivation, to make the most of the terrain of the mountains and river valleys. Potatoes were also an important crop, and the Incas bred several varieties to suit different climatic and altitude conditions. The Incas also cultivated crops such as lei beans, peppers, and pumpkins, enriching their dietary diversity.
The Incas showed extraordinary wisdom and skill in agriculture. They use the high diversity of the land, terraced and sloped cultivation, and maximize the use of land resources. Terraced cultivation creates multi-layered farmland by constructing a series of platforms and support walls, which not only reduces soil erosion, but also provides more acreage. Slope planting takes advantage of the slope of the hill, and by carving out the plant beds at different heights, the crops are well drained and exposed to sunlight. The Incas also made extensive use of organic fertilizers such as fish bones, animal manure and plant residues to improve soil quality and fertility.
In the sacred valley of Chaniawal in the Inca Empire, agriculture was closely related to social organization. The Incas practiced a system of collective farming, in which farmland was jointly owned and managed by the community. Through accurate land measurement and distribution systems, they divide farmland among different families or communities and ensure that each family has access to the right amount of land for agricultural production. At the same time, they have set up special agricultural officials to supervise the maintenance of farmland and the operation of irrigation systems to ensure the smooth operation of agricultural production.
The Incas also practiced a system of mutual aid in agricultural labor, called Mita. Under this system, community members take turns to participate in the cultivation and harvesting of the farmland, helping and supporting each other. This spirit of cooperation not only strengthens community cohesion, but also increases the efficiency of agricultural production.
In response to possible droughts or natural disasters, the Incas developed advanced food storage techniques. They built huge granaries, called kuraka, to store corn, potatoes, and other crops. These kuraka are usually located high in the valley or on the slopes of the hill to protect against moisture and pests. Ventilation systems and temperature and humidity control devices are installed in Kuraka to ensure that stored food is kept in good condition.
The distribution of food was an important part of Inca society. The Incas adopted a centralized economic system that managed the collection, storage, and distribution of food through community and imperial officials. They distribute food to communities and individuals based on population size and needs to ensure that everyone has enough to eat.
Cultural and religious center
Religion played an important role in the sacred valley of Chaniaval in the Inca Empire. The Incas worshiped the forces and gods of nature, believing that nature was sacred and closely related to human life. On this land, the Incas built many temples for sacrifices and religious ceremonies. One of the most famous temples is the Temple of the Sun, located in the heart of Machu Picchu and considered the highest shrine of the Inca religion. Known for its fine architecture and stone carvings, this temple was the center of Inca worship of the sun god.
The Incas also built other important temples such as the Temple of the Moon, the Temple of Thunder and the Temple of Water, etc., to worship and commemorate different forces of nature and deities. Often located on the top or mountainside, these temples blended in with the natural environment and provided a place of religious devotion for the Incas.
The Sacred Valley of Chaniaval in the Inca Empire was an important place for various religious ceremonies and celebrations. The Incas believed that by holding ceremonies and celebrations, they could communicate with the gods and receive their blessings and blessings. These ceremonies often involved elements such as music, dance, rituals, and sacrifices, demonstrating the Inca's devotion to religion and unique artistic expression.
The religious ceremonies performed by the Incas included rituals to worship the sun, moon, and other forces of nature, as well as rituals to commemorate ancestors and important historical events. Often held in temples or open spaces, these ceremonies brought together all classes and ethnic groups of Inca society. People dressed in ornate costumes, playing musical instruments, dancing, and offering offerings and prayers to show their respect and prayers to the gods.
In terms of celebrations, the Incas held many grand festivals such as the Sun Festival, Harvest Festival, and New Year's Celebration. These festivals mark important agricultural and natural events and provide an opportunity for people to celebrate and reunite. During the festival, people participate in parades, musical performances and sports competitions to celebrate harvests and new beginnings.
The Sacred Valley of Chaniaval of the Incas, a culturally rich region, showcases the deep cultural traditions and artistic talents of the Incas. The Incas were known for their exquisite stone carving skills and textile techniques, and they made remarkable achievements in the fields of architecture, carving, ceramics and textiles.
In architecture, the Incas were known for their sophisticated stone cutting and engineering design. They stitched together the huge stones precisely to form a strong and durable building structure. They also used fine stone carvings to decorate the buildings, demonstrating the attention that the Incas paid attention to detail and aesthetics.
In terms of textiles, the Incas were known for their fine textiles. They use natural fibers, such as cotton and wool, to make outstanding textiles through sophisticated weaving techniques. These textiles were used to make clothing, household items, and religious instruments, among others, demonstrating the love and skill of the Incas for the art of textiles.
The Incas also have a rich cultural heritage in terms of art, music and oral traditions. They express their beliefs and values through painting, sculpture and music. Oral traditions such as stories, myths and poetry also played an important role in Inca society, passing on and transmitting the history and wisdom of the Incas.
Administration & Transportation
The Sacred Valley of Chaniaval of the Incas, a highly organized and effectively administered region. The Incas adopted a system of administration called the Sacred Valley in the heart of four administrative regions known as the four administrative regions representing east, west, south and north. This administrative system ensured effective rule and resource distribution throughout the empire.
In the Sacred Valley of Chaniaval, the Inca Empire set up administrative centers and government agencies to manage the affairs of the region. These institutions include officials, bureaucrats and policymakers, who deal with land allocation, tax collection, judicial decisions and administrative matters. The Inca Empire also established postal and communication systems to maintain the flow of information and administrative liaison throughout the empire.
The Incas also took a series of measures to ensure the smooth running of the administration. They set up think tanks and advisory bodies to provide wisdom and advice to rulers. The Incas also introduced a system of expropriation of labor, the "Mita system," which required each family to contribute labor to the construction of the empire and agricultural production. This system played an important role in the management and organization of the labor force and provided reliable support for the administration of the empire.
The Sacred Valley of Chaniaval of the Inca Empire was a transportation hub with a well-developed road and communication network. Known for their superb road construction and communication skills, the Incas built a series of roads that connected the parts of the empire, ensuring the rapid transmission of information and resources.
In the Sacred Valley of Chaniavar, the Incas built an important network of roads called the "Inca Road" or "Royal Road". The road spanned the empire, connecting important cities and regions. The Inca Avenue played a key role in the area of the Sacred Valley, allowing people to cross mountains and river valleys quickly and safely. The road is constructed of precisely cut stones and is moderately wide enough to accommodate both pedestrians and animals.
conclusion
The Sacred Valley of Chaniaval of the Inca Empire is a unique and fascinating area that hosts the history and culture of the glory days of the Inca Empire. In this land, the Incas built complex agricultural systems, magnificent religious centers, and efficient administrative institutions. They are adept at harnessing the natural resources of the Sacred Valley of Chaniawal, creating a thriving economy and a unique social structure.
bibliography
John Corina, Inca Empire: The Mystery of the Stones in the Sacred Valley of Chaviniaval
Bernard Oholt, The Inca Empire
Ivan Gale, Architecture and Engineering of the Inca Empire