"Jian'an" is the era name of the last emperor of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Xian of Han.
At that time, the Han Dynasty, which lasted for more than four hundred years, came to an end, and the masses rose up together, forming the situation of the Three Kingdoms that we are familiar with. The chaotic world is like shuffling cards, heroes, and poets.
Emperor Cao Pi of Wei was one of the representative poets of Jian'an literature.
Unlike his father Cao Cao's Gu Zhi Shenxiong, Cao Pi won with his emotional rhyme and sharpness, and his words were between literary qualities. (Mr. Ye Jiaying's "Lesson in Ancient Poetry")
The themes of his poems are mostly wandering children and women, with the sorrow of the fate of the year and the joy of the journey, full of the lamentations of the chaotic times. As for why this is so, we must start from Cao Pi's growth experience.
Cao Cao attached great importance to the education of his descendants, so Cao Pi could shoot archery at the age of six, learned to ride a horse at the age of eight, and accompanied Cao Cao to recruit Zhang Xiu at the age of ten.
Cao Cao was defeated in this battle, and Cao Ang and Cao Anmin were killed, so he tried to ensure that Cao Cao broke through the siege. Fortunately, Cao Pi was already able to ride a horse and took advantage of the chaos to escape on horseback.
After that, Cao Pi accompanied his father on the southern expedition to the northern war, and in the army, he truly witnessed the cruelty of the war and the hardships of the life of the People of Li. This experience not only accumulated a lot of material for his creation, but also made his personality become depressed.
From the eleventh year of Jian'an to the nineteenth year of Jian'an, Cao Pi, as the eldest son of Concubine, has been in an embarrassing state that although he is cultivated, he can be replaced at any time.
Cao Cao initially intended to have adult intelligence at the age of five or six. However, Cao Chong died thirteen years early in Jian'an, at the age of thirteen.
According to legend, Cao Cao said to Cao Pi, "This is my misfortune, but it is your luck." Cao Pi himself also said: "If Cao Chong is still here, I will not have the opportunity to be the prince." ”
Later, Cao Cao also considered letting Cao Zhi, who was talented and talented, succeed to the throne, but Cao Zhi's personality was too ostentatious, and it was Cao Pi's turn to weigh many parties.
The power struggles of these imperial houses also made Cao Pi's personality more sensitive and delicate.
But the lord of a great country loves to create poetry, which sounds a little incredible. However, the reason why Cao Pi created si women's poems was not because of the love between men and women, but for other reasons.
One of his masterpieces, "Yan Ge Xing", is not only the earliest complete seven-character poem in existence, which has opened up a momentary atmosphere and had a huge impact on future generations, but also has a smooth rhyme, a poignant mood, and a fresh and fluent style.
"Yan Song Xing"
The autumn wind is cold, the grass and trees are shaken into frost, and the flock of swallows resigns to Nanxiang.
The beginning of the poem shows a picture of autumn colors: the autumn wind is gradually rising, the weather is getting cooler. The grass and trees withered, the white dew frosted, the swallows resigned, and the geese flew south. This depressed scenery evokes si woman's nostalgia and reflects the loneliness in her heart.
Thinking of the junke wandering and breaking the intestines, wandering and thinking of returning to the hometown, why should the jun drown and send it to others?
I miss the good people who go out on a long trip so much, and my liver and intestines are broken. I think you will miss your hometown in other places, think of me! What exactly is it that is holding you back and keeping you in the other direction?
The concubines guarded the empty house, worried that Sijun did not dare to forget, and did not feel that the tears stained their clothes.
I stand alone in the boudoir, and whenever I am sad, I miss you, and I dare not forget it for a moment. Often, before I knew it, the tears fell and I found out that I was wet.
The strings of the piano are cleared, and the short song cannot be long.
I took the guqin and played with the strings, and the short songs were softly chanted, endlessly like wisps, and to dispel sorrow.
When the poem describes the inner activity of si woman, it seems to really put herself into it, and her mind is extremely delicate and delicate.
First write that the husband "thinks of returning to his hometown", and then swings a stroke and can't help but guess why he "drowned and sent to others".
He also wrote that he "did not dare to forget the worries of the king" and lived in lovesickness all day.
Extremely depressed, I wanted to borrow the piano song to rehearse, but "the short song can't be long", so I had to look at the moon and sigh.
Such a narration, several times covered up, wrote out the endless tenderness of this woman's heart.
The bright moon shone brightly on my bed, and the stars flowed in the west at night.
The white moonlight shone on my empty bed, the galaxy sinking to the west, and I looked up with sorrow for a night. Rendering the deep loneliness with a cool moonlight, the frames seem to be plated with a layer of pale color.
The morning glory weaver girl looks at each other from afar, and Er Du he limits the river beam.
Morning Glory Weaver Girls look at each other thousands of miles apart, what mistake have you made? Tianhe wants to block a pair of people who love each other.
This sentence uses the "limited river beam" of the morning glory star and the Vega star to express the sorrow and anger of the si woman, the questioning of the heavens, and the words cry blood.
Of course, she is not only fighting for the morning glory weaver, but also lamenting her fate. At the same time, we can also see the thousands of idiot men and women behind this poem- they were forced to separate because of war, and they could not be reunited because of the chaos.
Therefore, this seemingly shallow si women's poem also contains a heavy sound of the times.
He let out a low, gentle sigh in her tone, warm but introverted, affectionate but subtle, a thousand turns, desolate and mournful.
The Ming Dynasty Zhong Yu said his poems ("Ancient Poetry Returns").
Chen Zuoming of the Qing Dynasty said of his poems (Selected Ancient Poems of Cai Shu Tang).
Wu Qi of the Qing Dynasty said: ("The Conclusion of selected poems of the Six Dynasties")
Wang Fuzhi said: ("Jiang Zhai Poetry")
The verses of this poem rhyme with a flatter rhythm, but the rhyme is extremely beautiful, and it is a mouthful to read. Wang Fuzhi called this poem "pouring affection, pouring out, pouring out sound, ancient and modern", although it is a praiseworthy word; but this poem is actually the ancestor of the overlapping rhymes and songs, which has a great influence on the creation of the seven words and songs of later generations.
Cao Cao's poetry is simple and old,Cao Zhi's poetry has a youthful spirit, and both of them have strong political elements and ambitions in their creations.
But Cao Zhi's poems are very different from those of the two in terms of subject matter.
Si Nu's poems were not too deep in the end, and his poems were more like a soft sigh at the time. Quiet, feminine, fluent in words but with a natural sense of clear water out of hibiscus.
This light but powerful sigh has always been there after the purification of history, and finally issued a resounding echo that has lasted for a long time.