Text: Yang Feng
There are three Gwangju Chronicles that we often use and circulate widely today:
The first is the "Gwangju Chronicle" edited by Taihiro of Gwangju Gun, Gwangju County, in the seventeenth year of Shunzhi, this edition of the orphan copy was exiled to Japan during the War of Resistance Against Japan, and after the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations in 1972, it was taken back from the Japanese Cabinet Library and stored in the Beijing Library, in 1992 it was photocopied by the Bibliographic Literature Publishing House, and republished by the Huangchuan County Chronicle Office in 1994;
The second part, the "Chronicle of Gwangju", which was revised by Gao Zhaohuang of Zhizhou in the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong, was published in 1985 by the Huangchuan County Chronicle Office on the basis of three base books held by the Beijing Library, the Hubei Provincial Library and the Huangchuan County Archives; according to the preface to Guangxu's "Gwangju Chronicle", "The Xianfeng Five-Year Book Board was destroyed by fire", so its book biography is now rare.
The third part, the "Gwangju Chronicle" written by Yang Xiutian in the twelfth year of Guangxu, has a complete original in the Huangchuan County Archives Bureau. In 1976, the Taiwan Chengwen Publishing House photocopied and published, and the copy on the market now uses the version from the Taiwan Chengwen Publishing House.
In the Qing Dynasty, there is also a Kangxi Thirty-one Year Zhizhou Miao Fa re-revised and compiled the "Gwangju Chronicle", this "Gwangju Chronicle" for a long time was only heard of its name and did not see the physical object, according to the preface of Qianlong's "Gwangju Chronicle", there are such introductions in many places: "The old state has aspirations, not to quit fire", "the old version is destroyed by fire" and so on. On the afternoon of May 15, 2015, Huangchuan County Haohua Group donated two fragments of Kangxi's "Gwangju Chronicle" to the Huangchuan County CPPCC Cultural and Historical Committee. Subsequently, through the unremitting efforts of the Huangchuan County CPPCC Committee, the complete copy of Kangxi's "Gwangju Chronicle" was finally found in the Beijing Library, and it is said that it will soon be photocopied and published for the use of libraries and researchers, which is nothing more than an important good news for historians and lovers of literature and history in their hometown. This is also the best way to make this rare Kangxi "Gwangju Chronicle" perpetually passed on. At present, we can also see a copy of This Kangxi "Gwangju Chronicle" on the market, and the base copy used is the Harvard University collection, which has some missing pages and is not the whole text.
In the Qing Dynasty, we still have a fifth complete "Gwangju Chronicle", that is, the "Gwangju Chronicle" compiled by Li Zi in the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong. The discovery of this edition of the chronicle is very accidental, on sina network, some netizens saw my compilation and distribution of "Gwangju Rambling", and left me a message on April 9, 2017: "Qianlong also repaired a "Gwangju Chronicle" in the twenty-seventh year, written by Li Zi. It is now in the Library of Shanghai and Fudan University, of which the Fudan collection has been photocopied and published. See Fudan University Library Rare Fang Zhi Series, Volume 37" This edition of the Gwangju Chronicle is a twelve-volume compilation by Qing Gaojian and Li Shu. Twenty-seventh year (1762) engraving of Qianlong, sixteen volumes. The National Library Press of China used the Fudan collection in 2011 to photocopy the publication. I was staying with my mother in Beijing 301 Hospital, so I used my spare time to go to the National Library three times, consulted this book, and copied 12 sets to bring back to Huangchuan, which is also a windfall.
This edition of the Chronicle of Gwangju is more like a manuscript prepared for the 35th year of Qianlong's Gwangju Chronicle, which was officially published 8 years later. This edition is closer to the modern Zhishu: Detailing the Present and the Ancient. The old chronicles are recorded as "detailed former chronicles", or "old chronicles are not detailed... "Former (old) Zhi no present supplement" and so on. Character records and so on are directly based on the Kangxi Thirty-first Year "Gwangju Chronicle" as a docking. At that time, "Detailed Present and Thin Ancient" was either a shortcoming or merely a preparatory version for compiling Qianlong's Thirty-Five Chronicles of Gwangju, but now it seems that this edition has left a lot of valuable information for us to understand Gwangju at the time of Kangqian today.
How many local chronicles have Huangchuan published? According to Shunzhi's "Chronicle of Gwangju", there was no zhishu before the Song Dynasty; during the Song Dynasty, there were three volumes of Xu Ziming's "Floating Light Atlas" and twenty volumes of Li Di's "Floating Light Atlas", but only the "History of Song Yiwenzhi" contained a bibliography; there was no local chronicle in the Yuan Dynasty, but it was recorded that "the fifteen volumes of the "New Chronicle of Jinling" written by the floating light scholar Zhang Junxuan, the first being Tu Kao, existing in the mountains, rivers, counties, yi, shapes, and potentials; the second is the General Chronicle, in order to see the historical and modern majorities; the middle is the table, the zhi, the book, the spectrum, and the biography, so on the occasion of the extreme heavens, the return of the canonical cultural relics, In the end, the debate is based on the will, so in the end, the words and deeds are small, and the purpose of the book is prepared to the end. "In the Ming Dynasty, we can now find three zhishu, namely, the ten volumes of Zhang Hui's "Gwangju Zhi" of Mingzhou (found in the Bibliography of Qianqingtang and the Bibliography of Ming Shi YiwenZhi), the "Gwangju Zhiluo" of Ming Jiajing Gechen, and the "Gwangju Zhiluo" of Ming Wanli Chen Zhang. The local chronicles of the Qing Dynasty can now be seen and found in the above: Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong 27 years, Qianlong 35 years, Guangxu five "Gwangju Chronicles".
Several counties around us have preserved Ming Dynasty zhishu, and the Duhuangchuan River is lacking, which cannot but be said to be a pity. Zhang Hui's "Gwangju Chronicle", at present, only Zhang Hui Hongzhi came to serve as a county sheriff, and there is no other examination. In the old preface of the Ming Wanli edition of the Gwangju Chronicle, it is recorded that "the county chronicle of the county was repaired by Zhang Gonghui", "Founded in the former shou Zhang Junhui, the years are far away". Fortunately, two other lost prefaces to the Ming Zhi were preserved in later generations of the Gwangju Chronicle, namely the preface to Ge Chen's Gwangju Zhiluo and Chen Ye and Chen Zhang's preface to the Wanli edition of the Gwangju Chronicle.
During the Republic of China period, in the war imposed on us by the Japanese devils, Wang Shiwei's father, Mr. Wang Yuanbing, also wrote a "Huangchuan County Chronicle" several times, but unfortunately, the subsequent change of dynasty made this chronicle not printed and published, so that it was annihilated in the long river of history. After the reform and opening up of New China, in 1992 and 2009, we also published two "Huangchuan County Chronicles", but under the guideline of compiling the chronicles of "detailing the present and the present, using the ancient for the present, and focusing on the modern history and the current situation", this seems to have become a record of the achievements and data of a local leader.
In this way, Huangchuan has published a total of 13 different local chronicles from the beginning of the Song Dynasty to the present. At present, there are 7 parts that have been completely preserved, namely: the five parts of the Qing Dynasty and two parts of new China; the fragments of which are preserved are the "Huangchuan County Chronicles" of the Republic of China; the Ming "Gwangju Chronicle" and the "Gwangju Chronicle" retain the next three prefaces. The others are the only remaining titles. In the "Afterword to the Reprint of the Point School" of Shunzhi's "Gwangju Chronicle" published by the Huangchuan County Chronicle Office in 1994, it is recorded: "Gwangju Xiuzhi began in the Song Dynasty and was repaired 14 times until the end of the Qing Dynasty. But Song Zhi and Ming Zhi were destroyed in the war", I consulted shi zhi friends, how to calculate this "14 times in total until the end of the Qing Dynasty", according to their introduction, this is calculated according to the two Song, Ming, and Qing six. There are three books in this that I have not seen any records, the six parts of the Qing Dynasty are said to be: Shunzhi and Kangxi Two Dynasties each repaired once, Qianlong, Guangxu Two Dynasties each repaired twice (a kind of Guangxu "Gwangju Rural History"), Qianlong's two parts are fortunate to be complete, Guangxu "Gwangju Rural Chronicle" is still alive, but it should only be regarded as a thin local introduction. In any case, it is also recorded here that there are 12 chronicles of the Song, Ming, and Qing Dynasties.
The earliest Gwangju Chronicle that we can see now, the "Shadow", is the preface to The Gwangju Chronicle of Ming Jiajing Gechen. Ge Chen Zi liang, Gushi County, then Gwangju Judge, he was keen on xiuzhi, in addition to compiling this state chronicle, he also compiled Jiajing's "Gushi County Chronicle", which has been passed down to this day. This Ge Chen did not only revise these two zhishu, in the twenty-sixth year of Jiajing (1547), ge Chen presided over the compilation of the first "Gaoyuan County Chronicle" when he was serving as Zhi County in Gaoyuan, Shandong. Ge Chen defended unjust cases in Gaoyuan, built academies, built city walls, and built water passes, leaving a good political reputation in the local area.
Here, we cannot fail to mention a digression that has nothing to do with this article, which is also what we have been doing recently, the original source of Chen Yuanguang's place of origin. Although we cannot see whether there is a record of Chen Yuanguang in Ge Chen's "Chronicle of Gwangju", the Jiajing "Chronicle of Gushi County" written by him certainly does not have a single word record of Chen Yuanguang, and in the three "Gushi Yiguan Nandu" listed in the seventh volume of Jiajing's "Chronicle of Gushi County" and "Character History, Hidden Escape", there is no matter of Chen Zheng and Chen Yuanguang's southern crossing in the early Tang Dynasty, which directly and fundamentally negates chen Yuanguang's coming from "Gwangju Gushi".
Speaking of Yu Shi (1506-1570), a native of Myeongju, zhongfu, wugao. According to Qianlong's "Chronicle of Gwangju", "Early loneliness and love of learning, Jiajing Pengshu raised a soldier. At the beginning, Wu Jiang was able to eliminate the evils of the beetle and clean the people. Promoted to imperial history, according to Shanxi and Sichuan, the wind is severe. Transferred to Tianfu Cheng and Nanjing Taibuqing, transferred to the capital Yushi, Inspector Zhending, changed to ViceRoy, Cao Jiangjin Deputy Capital Yushi, Premier Cao Yun. Capture the great thieves and reduce the tax amount of the old ministry to live the hungry. Looking for the governor of the three sides, the ancient bag entered the Kou, and the three townsmen broke it. He was given the title of Right Attendant of the Army. When the time is to learn to practice, try to use zhu ink pen to distinguish between good and evil, in order to self-examination, until the old age does not replace. Therefore, the establishment is strict, and at the official's home, it is pushed as a typical cloud for a while. The Great Dictionary of Chinese Dynastic Names published by the Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House also introduces him: "Yan Chong's entry into the cabinet, when he is impeached, the emperor does not listen." Officer to Nanjing Bingbu Waiter. Yu Shi's "Gwangju Zhiluo" Prologue:
"Gwangju Zhiluo, don't drive Ge Jun as the Light Zhizhi also." Who is the "Zhiluo"? Don't drive Junxun to be ambitious, and those who still have to be done are also.
"Fu Tai Su manifold, to the yuan no image, he Zhi Hu Guang Yan? The feudal kingdoms of gaigu have their own histories and chronicles, feudal counties and counties, each with a map to describe the traces, this "Zhou Guan" edict has ambitions to observe things, and the zhaodi affairs have a map of the general compilation. As for its division of the beans, the time is different, the danger is longping, the denghuazhi is neglected, the transfer of the subordinates, the transfer of officials, the ruoshi, the people, the women, the immortals, the craftsmanship, the mutual changes of the shu, not the book, but the inability to show it. Therefore, the old Qi old Lu, ju is Maocao, the whole Zhao QuanWei, the jackal howls. The reason why this iron furnace step is prosperous, and the reason why Penglai Linglu is also full of words.
"I am light winged and divided into fields, and in the Spring and Autumn Period for the three kingdoms of String, Huang and Jiang. Tang Set Gwangju, Song Ewang Xiangdu Repaired the City, Zhizhou Liang Ji Bi Built Yan, I know Li Bo Chengyan. Divided into south and north, the middle of the Huang river, the north pillow Ruying, the east of Huaifeng, the south of Qi'an, the west of Shentang, Gaiheluo's Olympic area, the key to the battle, and must not be without examination. Therefore, there are aspirations, and the occasional vulgar is false, and the simple is leaky. Those who heed the fallacy and attacked the victims, the floating birth is entrusted to the end, and the husband is determined to be the one. Don't drive Junbo Hua Hongbao, Dongqia Yuanjin, The Precious Track of The Divine Reason, The Qilin of The Raiding Maoyi, Bo Shi Tengfen, Noisy Flea Avoidance, Hanging In Guling, and Hunting Essence Bamboo, Grand Reading of the Scriptures of the Sacred, Searching for the Books of the Hidden World, But Zhiye.
"Zheng Gang is Zhi Tu Ji, Zhi Zheng is Zhi Guan Shou, Zhi Tu Ze Zhi Kan Public Opinion, Yi Jiao Ze Zhi Election, Honghua Ze Zhi Zhi Monument, Long Ben Ze Zhi Property, Shang Xun Ze Zhi Eunuch, Chongdian Ze Zhi Zhi Establishment, Li Yin Ze Zhi Zhi, Requisition Ze Zhi Zhi Talents, Ming Xian Zhi Yi Wen, Record Different Zhi Zhi Miscellaneous Mistakes, So the Husband Is Prepared...
"Don't drive the king's name, the word, the number of the sleeper, the world is a Gwangju person." Zhicheng belongs to the yu yan ben, so it cannot be resigned. ”
Qianlong's "Chronicle of Gwangju" is the preface to the "Chronicle of Gwangju"
Chen Yuanguang's 36th grandson, Ming Wanli Chengzi, Zhiguang Prefecture Affair, Minlongxi Xiao Yao Chen Ye, wrote the preface to The Chronicle of Gwangju by Chen Zhang, Ming Wanli. This edition of the Gwangju Chronicle has long been abandoned, leaving only some articles such as the old chronicle to be included in the later sequel of the Gwangju Chronicle. Chen Ye's preface is included in Shunzhi's "Gwangju Chronicle", that is, the "Gwangju Chronicle Old Sequence", and Qianlong's "Gwangju Chronicle" is also included in the "Appendix Volume IV", named "Gwangju Old Chronicle" Preface:
"Try to read "Yu Gong" and "Zhou Zhifang", and see that they are endowed with soil households, and they are full of equipment. For it is said: 'The ancient saints who have managed the world, and whose records are so detailed, whoever cultivates his government because of his customs have a basis for the latter.' ’
"In this world, all the counties and states have aspirations, and the relics of the "Yu Gong" and "Zhi Fang" of shi fang, who serve in their country, do not consider the canonical chapters of their country, they are the ones who inherit the family, and they do not know the records of the predecessors.
"Jia Shu is old, Ye Cheng lacks Gwangju. Guang is the Juzhou of Runan, which belongs to Yisi, a cultural relic, A in Middle-earth, and its records can be examined and known. It is the philologists. The county shou Zhang Gonghui repaired the county zhi er shu, and consulted the people to plot it. You: 'This is a little bit unprepared.' The next year, the "Zhiluo" compiled by Mr. Ge Gongchen, the founder of Fude, may be said to be too many to collect. It was together with Junjun Weiqing of the County, Junjun Yilong of the County, Lang Junxie, Junbo Junxuezeng of the County, Su Junwanbang, and Xujun Daben, and urged the Township Da yu Nan Chen Gong to formulate its genre, to check its name, and to raise liu Huangsheng, Gongshi Chen Mingzhi, Chen Yikuo, Kusheng Zhenyang, Yang Shu, and He Xiaoling in the same collection at the office, and compiled and corrected. Where there are ten programs and fifty eyes, its core, its literary preparation, so that it is complicated and simple, and continues to fall into the ambition. Zhicheng will put it into action, and Ye has a word. Fu Zhi, Zhi Ye. Those who have lofty aspirations in the counties and prefectures, and those who aspire to them with the mountains, customs, fields, household registrations, people, and sages who keep orders in their counties and prefectures. The field is endowed with household registration, and there is an increase in consumption from time to time, and the customs and customs of the people are raised and lowered. And the cultivation of Zhizhi, after the first different words, complexity and simplicity are different, if the obedience of the order has a good manner, the people have loyalty and filial piety, and the mountains and rivers, because they do not lose, although the times change, the will can not be annihilated.
"The present Guan Zi Zhi, the search is exquisite, the pen is sharp, the beautiful thorn shape and the exhortation are alluded to, which can be described as three good preparations and the word cannot be praised." As for the virtuous and virtuous pastor of the township, distinguishing Zhaoxiu, his political achievements and deeds, and his honorable deeds, will enable those who will come after him, seeing the fame and ambition, and will do their best to love and nurture them, so as not to abuse their people. Those who are born in the land, who see the sages of the countryside and have aspirations, will think of the scenery and the scenery, so as to be worthy of their hometown, change customs and customs, and store the opportunity of the people to live in the end. The emissary, that is, the mountains and rivers, customs, household registrations, people, and observance of orders and aspirations, are also public opinion maps, Ding grain books, and inscriptions. What to take from the zhi, and what to take from the cultivation of the zhi.
"Ye Zhi's ancestor Yuan Guang, Guang Ren Ye, Tang Shi accompanied his father to lead the army to Min, because of the family. Now that the state is guarded, the sons and daughters of the men and wives of the state are all the people of the townspeople, and they dare to honor and fight with the sons of the reigning deacons and the sons of the townspeople. When the Wanli calendar is four years old, the second year of the Yang Moon. ”
The Ming Wanli Chen Zhang's "Gwangju Chronicle" also left Chen Zhang's self-prologue. Qianlong's "Chronicle of Gwangju" also includes it in the "Fourth Volume of the Appendix", which is called "Preface to the Old Chronicle of the Prefecture":
"Taste the books and the law is like zhao, and the historiography is flourishing and stinging." Zhi, the history of the canon also ...
"My light, so the strings are also." The mountains and rivers are beautiful, and the people are magnificent. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the light house huaxia, subordinate to the southern soil, is the upper reaches of the heavens, and the moral religion penetrates the five directions. Ran Zhiwen eroded, etiquette died, and the knowledgeable were wounded! Founded in the former Shou Zhang Junhui, the years are far away, and only Zhiluo remains in the same year after Yu's friend Ge Junchen..."
Qianlong's "Chronicle of Gwangju" Chen Ye and Chen Zhang are the preface to the "Chronicle of Gwangju" of the Ming Wanli
Looking at the preface written by Chen Ye and Chen Zhang for the Ming Wanli "Chronicle of Gwangju": "The County Chronicle of the County" written by Zhang Gonghui", "Founded in the former Shou Zhang Junhui, the years are far away", it can be determined that before Ge Chen's "Gwangju Zhiluo" and Chen Zhang's "Gwangju Zhi", there must be Zhang Hui's "Gwangju Zhi". At the same time, it can be determined that Ge Chen's "Gwangju Zhiluo" and Chen Zhang's "Gwangju Zhi" can be said to be the same era, because Chen Zhang said: "Yu Tongyou Ge Junchen". It can also be seen from this preface that the revision of the local chronicles is based on the previous chronicles, which is a continuation, rather than building a car out of thin air.
Examining the revision of the Zhishu in the heyday of the Ming and Qing dynasties, I cannot help but sigh that only the copy of the fragment remains, the "Huangchuan County Chronicle" revised during the Republic of China: "If there is still a kind of revolutionary romanticism, it must be Huangchuan's revision of the Zhishu during the Republic of China!" ”
Why is there such an emotion? Because at that time we were in the midst of the war imposed on us by Japanese militarism. At present, it can be said that not much is known about this zhishu, and the fragments of this zhishu are extremely limited. However, the five prefaces of the chronicle have been preserved intact. When I look at the fragment in my hand, the excitement is beyond my words.
A little history knows that since 1938, Huangchuan, as the northern battlefield of the Battle of Wuhan, has had fierce battles here. It was the most heroic, brilliant, and recordable heroic years in Huangchuan's modern history. When the Japanese army attacked Huangchuan in September 1938, thousands of poison bullets and barrels were used, and poisonous clouds covered Huangchuan. Although the city of Huangchuan has been occupied for a short time, it has always been in the hands of our army. In the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, more than ninety counties in Henan Province fell and a puppet regime was established, but Huangchuan did not! On January 5, 1947, the Article of The Henan Daily, "The Suffering of the Daohuang People", introduced: "During the eight-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wuyu should be the crown of all provinces in the country, the ninth district is the crown of the whole Yu, and the huangchuan is the crown of the ninth district." "This is the most important logistical support that the people of Huangchuan sacrificed themselves and silently gave China the eight-year War of Resistance."
Reading through the five prefaces of the zhi, it can be seen that the "Huangchuan County Chronicle" was written by Wang Shiwei's father, Wang Yuanbing. The first revision was made when Guo Jingdai was the county magistrate, but it was dismissed a few months later because there was no funds; the second revision was made when Yan Xunfu was the county magistrate, and Yan Zi was the chief writer, and Wang Yuanbing was deputy written, but due to the July 7 Incident, it stopped in March 1938. It was written when Li Gengbai, who was famous for demolishing the huangchuan city wall, was the county magistrate. Written by Wang Yuanbing, it lasted 24 months from March 1940 to February 1942. At that time, it was the nationalist general Medafu who led the War of Resistance in Huangchuan, and Wang Yuanbing said in the preface: "Commissioner Dafu mei and governor of Luo County, Fu Xian, took Xiuzhi as the key official righteousness." In 1942, Luo Xiangfu, the governor of Huangchuan County, and Mei Dafu, the administrative inspector and security commander of the Ninth District of Henan, wrote a preface to the chronicle. However, the chronicle was eventually "financially difficult for those who did not pay for it for several years" due to the War of Resistance. After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the changes in it were continued, and in December 1946, the chief writer Wang Yuanbing left a preface for this purpose, and in 1948, the civil war was fierce, and on the eve of the imminent liberation of Huangchuan, Qian Zutu, the governor of Huangchuan County, and Yang Chuiye were still writing the preface separately! Unfortunately, due to the war, the dynasty changed, and the zhi was eventually annihilated in the long river of history...
In the mid-spring of the thirty-first year of the Republic of China, Luo Xiangfu, the county magistrate of Huangchuan County, wrote in the Preface: "Huai shui originates from Tongbai Mountain, and flows around the mountain valley for five hundred miles and will meet in Huangshui. Its land is fertile and fertile, the people are beautiful and simple, and there is a state rule. The Republic of China changed the name of the prefecture to a county. In the spring of the twenty-ninth year, Yu was ordered to sort out the finances of southern Henan..."
In the mid-autumn of the 31st year of the Republic of China, The Administrative Inspector and Security Commander of the Ninth District of Henan, Mei Dafu, "Huangchuan County Chronicle": "Gwangju was formerly a county system, and since the Republic of China, it has been changed to a county, and the name of Huangchuan has begun." In the spring of the 28th year, Yu was ordered to inspect the Ninth District and garrison Jiesiyi. See the tranquility of its landscapes, the magnificence of its shape, the pillow is different and controls the floating, the Xianghuai Ru and the Shiqu, the east is bordered by Wuyue, the South Ping Jianghan, the north is Chen Cai, the West Dawanluo, the capital of the Huangchuan Gujiu District, and the leader of the eight genera. The southern fortress of Henan, according to the upper reaches of the Huai River, is a place where historical and military imperatives are in contention, and the Yin Fu of the people and the victory of the humanities are especially the crown of Zhongzhou. Every time I had spare time in the book, I asked for the old zhi to read it, and I knew that the Gwangju Zhi had been rebuilt for more than fifty years since the twelfth year of Guangxu. Since the republic of China changed the county, it has been repeatedly discussed and repaired, and in the spring of the twenty-ninth year, the new zhi was transferred by provincial order, and when the governor and Li Linggengbai raised funds to set up an office, they selected a famous resident to be a writer and a cultivator, and Luo Lingfu followed him. Until February 31 and the whole compilation was completed..." Reading The preface of The Medav made me feel uneasy for a long time. Takeo Ichisuke, a foreign general, could give Huangchuan such a high and good evaluation, not to mention, what he saw at that time was Huangchuan, who had just been skipped by the poison gas bombs of the Japanese aircraft cannons! As us, in addition to hard work, what else can we push?