Yue Qishan, nicknamed Yue Hulu, alias Zhang Daosheng and Qiu Chuanyi. Originally from Huangchuan, Henan, he fled from the famine at an early age and later became a bandit. He has successively moved to Gushi Dongxiang, Huoqiu Xixiang, Huaibei, Huainan and other places. With Huoqiu as his lair, he was active in more than 20 counties and cities in the border areas of Hubei, Henan, and Anhui provinces, raping, killing, burning, and plundering, doing everything, and was under the control of the Kuomintang military commanders for a long time, and was successively appointed as "Captain of the Fourth Brigade of Huoqiu," "Commander of the Self-Defense Regiment," "Commander of the Huaihe Advance Detachment," and "Magistrate of Shou County," and "Commander of the First Column of the Central Anti-Communist Self-Defense Army." The armed bandits under their command usually remain at about 2,000 people, and there are more than 60 leaders above the detachment leader. In the early days of liberation, they rushed into the Dabie Mountains to unite with the bandit leaders Huang Ying, Yuan Chengying, Wang Xian and others, in a vain attempt to occupy the mountains for a long time and confront our revolutionary regime. After Huang, Yuan, and Wang were annihilated, Yue Qishan absconded and conspired with the habitual bandits who had gone underground to plot the establishment of the so-called "Pacific Unification Liaison Action Committee." After Yue Qishan was suppressed by our people's public security organs in 1951, Chiang Kai-shek also sent a plane to Dabie Mountain in 1954 to drop spies to find his so-called "Commander Yue" who insisted on Dabie Mountain. How did the bandit armed forces of Yue Qishan rise and fall, we must start from the beginning.
The formation and development of the Yue bandit team. Yue Qishan, who was smart since childhood, learned carpentry from his father, known as a little carpenter, and mainly farmed fields. In 1938, when he was 22 years old, the Kuomintang pulled Zhuang Ding, Yue was forced to flee, and his father was arrested and mortgaged. The second time, the Kuomintang government arrested Zhuang Ding again and beat his mother to death, and Yue did not dare to go home from then on. In 1939, Yue Qishan found his brother-in-law Feng Chuan'an, who was a bandit, and through Feng's introduction, he joined the bandit Xu Laokai as a bandit and engaged in robbery activities along the Huogu border. The bandits, who had more than 80 guns, were soon routed by the Kuomintang government forces. Yue and the habitual bandit Short Benzi, Liu Jiu, Zhang San and other four people sneaked to the tea nunnery in Huoqiu County. I met a Kuomintang soldier in Guangxi, grabbed a pistol, was wanted by the Kuomintang government, and his father was arrested. In August of the same year, Feng Chuan'an funded three spears, and Yue Qishan organized bandits alone, and Feng Chuan'an acted as an internal line to rob more than 1,000 silver dollars, and the bandits soon gathered more than 20 guns. In 1940, Yue Qishan contacted the bandit Wang Yazi in Huoqiu and adjacent areas to rob Yang's house, and the bandits grew to more than 50 guns. Due to the wanted notice of the Kuomintang government and the confrontation of the landlords' armed forces, Yue Qishan had to move to Fuyangkou Ziji in 1942, bought eight acres of land, and settled down. In 1943, the Kuomintang government arrested Yue but did not catch it, and his second child was arrested and executed, and Yue then joined the Japanese puppet army in Tianjia'an in 1944 as the leader of the traitor inspection team.
Falsely surrender to me. After Yue Qishan acted as a traitor, the Kuomintang secret service sent Tian Zhusan, a spy member of the military command, to secretly contact him in an attempt to pull Yue into rebellion and defect to Chiang, but Yue did not dare to agree because he was wanted by the Kuomintang. Soon after, Tian Zhusan, a spy of the military command, was captured by the Japanese puppet army. Yue tried his best to help. off the report. Chiang's secret service praised Yue Da and promised that Yue would not care about his past grievances after joining Chiang, and Yue established a close relationship with Tian from then on. In May 1945, when the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was close to victory, and the Japanese puppet army was gone, Yue had a premonition that there was no way out when he was a traitor, and he was ready to discuss with Tian to reorganize the bandits and go into the mountains to fight guerrillas. At the same time, he also contacted Comrade Duan Songting, our liaison officer, and expressed his willingness to throw himself in our side. Yue again carried out a ransack in Tianjia'an, and then packed up the guns of more than 80 people and a large amount of tobacco, gold, silver, jewelry, and other items that he had looted, and drove into our base area, under the pseudonym Zhang Daosheng, to meet with Zhao Kai, the person in charge of the Shouliuhuo guerrilla base area, and other comrades, and expressed their willingness to surrender to Japan and jointly resist Japan. While preparing for the reception, Zhao Kai and other comrades gathered four district teams and deployed more than 400 military workers to strengthen vigilance in case of accidents. Zhao Kai estimated that Yue was not sincere, so he decided to disarm him first and wait for the compilation with his bare hands. That night, all the bandits fled. Later, I learned that Zhang Daosheng was Yue Qishan, that his surrender was fake, and that it was true that he wanted to eat the armed forces of our base area.
Yue, Tu, and Ling converged and occupied Huoqiu City. In 1946, the Yueqishan bandits grew to more than 100 guns and operated in the Huoqiu area. Soon after, he killed a newly appointed deputy division commander of the Kuomintang army, and was wanted by the Kuomintang government and was forced to disperse. Yue fled to Dingyuan Qinglongdian and hid in Yao Guoguang's house. During this period, he came into contact with Comrade Ding Wangen, an underground worker of our country, and under Ding's introduction, he met with the head of a certain unit of our People's Liberation Army, and after education, expressed his willingness to return to Dabie Mountain to serve as the head of our guerrilla regiment. In the autumn of 1947, Liu Deng's army moved south, and the Huogu guerrilla zone developed rapidly. After Yue learned of this, he took three people to take the initiative to contact Comrade Zhu Guanglin, political commissar of Huogu County, and Zhu asked him to temporarily serve as the captain of Huogu County, and sent him to lead the way to attack Lijiawei. Afterwards, Yue felt that he was only a captain now, and he was not very satisfied. At this time, Huo Qiu's bandits Tu Jizhou, Tu Liwu, Ling Zhihe, Chen Huaxian and others were in rebellion in Xixiang, and Yue conspired with Tu to join the Kuomintang army. At that time, the Kuomintang Huoqiu County Magistrate appointed Yue as the fourth captain. In 1948, Yue, Tu, Ling and other bandits did not change and continued to do evil, and the county magistrate Wang Ruilin could not control them, so he petitioned the Provincial Security Command to approve the reorganization of Yue's department, and appointed Liu Jiyuan, a student of the Huangpu Military Academy, as the regiment commander, and Yue, Tu, and Ling served as the commanders of the first, second, and third battalions respectively. In December, Wang Ruilin and Zhu Yuanwu (director of the Three Youth League of Huoqiu County) sent a telegram to Liao Yunze, the commander of the Kuomintang army, to reorganize Yue, Tu, and Ling, and submit them to the Quasi-Additional Committee. Wang Ruilin, the county magistrate, saw that the situation was not good, abandoned the city and fled.
"Surrender" again, and rebellion again. In the spring of 1949, the counties between the Jianghuai and the Huai River were liberated one after another, and Yue, Tu, and Ling, who were entrenched in Huoqiu City, were already surrounded on all sides. At this time, Comrade Zhu Huaiming, secretary of the Shouhuo Working Committee of our party, and Zhu Guanglin, political commissar of Huogu County, carried out a series of arduous and meticulous work through relevant departments. Comrade Zhu Guanglin first won over Jiang Youchu, the former leader of the fourth detachment of the Kuomintang, and Zhang Xuedong, the captain of the Red Xue Brigade, to surrender to Cheng (more than 300 guns), and isolated Yue, Tu, and Ling. At the same time, we stepped up the work of winning over Yue, Tu, and Ling. Zhu Huaiming contacted Yue Qishan's teacher Bai Yunting through Chang Zhiqing, and instigated Yue, Tu, and Ling Toucheng. On January 26 of the same year, Zhu Huaiming led his troops from the direction of Shou County, and Zhang Ruifu, the magistrate of Huogu County, led his troops to enter Huoqiu City from the direction of Hekou on January 27. At this time, Yue, Tu, and Ling had no choice but to lead their troops to surrender. The leaders of our party, government, and army publicized to them the consistent policies of our party, our army, and the government, pointed out the future, and announced that their headquarters would be transferred to Lu'an for reorganization. However, because of the seriousness of their crimes and the strict law and discipline of our military, Yue and others were always wary of me, and they did not even dare to attend the welcome banquet held by Huo Qiu and gentlemen in Majia Dayuan (it was later learned that this was caused by the remnants of the Kuomintang who provoked them). Ling Zhihe immediately defected with nineteen guns. After Yue Qishan and Tu Jizhou were transferred to Lu'an, Bai Yunting, the leader of the Kuomintang military command of the western Anhui stunt group, intervened in Yuebu again, and under Bai's instigation, Yuebu also defected with weapons. After Yue Qishan fled to Bai Dajia, he joined Tu Jizhou, Ling Zhi and the bandits. Through the mediation of Wang Baozhai (who was the Yunnan commissioner of the Kuomintang government), they occupied Huoqiu Nanxiang together with Guan Dusheng, and established the so-called Huonan County Government in Dagudian. Guan Zi served as the county magistrate, and Yue served as the head of the self-defense regiment.
Yue, Huang and Yuan are entrenched in Dabie Mountain. In March 1949, after Yue bandits entered the mountains, Zhu Yuanwu and Guan Dusheng, the leading counter-revolutionary figures in Huoqiu County, who had fled to the mountainous areas, immediately colluded with Yue and plotted to instigate the rebellion of the old township security personnel retained in the Huoqiu District Township Government. First of all, he instigated the rebellion of Zhang Wenzao, captain of Mengji District, Zhao Bingsheng, captain of Changji District, and Wang Zedong of Dagudian Township, who were recruited by me; he also instigated the counterrevolutionary rebellion of Linshuiji and Wutasi; he also instructed Ling Zhihe to attack Huoqiu City and kill more than 40 of our cadres and soldiers; and on another occasion, he buried 24 of our revolutionary masses alive in Huoqiu Nanxiang. In April 1949, after our army successfully crossed the Yangtze River, the military and people in western Anhui launched a struggle to suppress bandits and oppose hegemony. Yue collected the remnants of the bandits and reorganized them into two independent battalions, went to Jinzhai for training, and united them through Bai Yunting, a special agent of the Kuomintang military command, and Yuan Chengying, Wu Shuguang, and Huang Ying, the bandit leaders of Dabie Mountain. At this time, Bai Yunting, Liu Junqing, and Wei Zemin, who were agents of the military command, had already made contact with the reactionary regime in Wuhan, and Bai Chongxi assigned Lieutenant General and Division Commander Wang Xian to come to Dabie Mountain to set up the "General Headquarters of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui People's Self-Defense Army" near the Baishui River, with Wang Xian as commander-in-chief, Yuan Chengying as deputy commander, and Fan Xun as deputy commander and chief of staff, to command the bandit armament throughout the Dabie Mountains. After Wang Xian came to Dabie Mountain, Bai Chongxi sent a plane to deliver bullets. On the one hand, this counterrevolutionary bandit armed organization has actively sent personnel to penetrate into our country, establish a two-faced regime, and develop counterrevolutionary underground armed forces; on the other hand, it has recruited scattered bandits and ruffians from all over the country to expand its strength, and has managed to gather 14 detachments with about 10,000 people. Yuebu also expanded 6 brigades with more than 1,300 guns.
The end was approaching, and he was forced to leave the mountain. The people of Huoqiu have a smooth remark about the activities of the three bandits of Yue, Tu, and Ling, "Yue will not leave the mountain, Tu will not leave the bay, and Ling Fool will not leave the crescent beach." Yueqi Mountain is accustomed to activities in the mountains, although it constantly runs into the interior, as soon as the wind blows, it retreats back to the mountains. In August 1949, the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Bandit Suppression Command was established in Luotian County, with Wang Shusheng as the commander, and had jurisdiction over the three headquarters of the eastern, western, and northern fronts. The Eastern Front, also known as the Frontline Command of the Northern Anhui Military Region, was established in Mabu on 25 August, with Liang Congxue as commander and two command posts; Liang Jinhua, deputy commander of the 24 th Army of the East China Field Army, led the 71 st Division to cooperate with the clearance. Our anti-bandit units have adopted the strategy of combining military strikes, political offensives, and mobilizing the masses to suppress bandits for self-defense, concentrated time and troops, and set off mass anti-bandit activities. After a short period of attack, the Dabie Mountain bandits, who had been crazy for a while, were dealt a fatal blow, forcing the enemy's commander-in-chief, Wang Xian, and others to go deep into the mountains and old forests to hide. Half of the bandits in Yueqi Mountain were wiped out, and only more than 600 people remained, wandering to the Huoqiu hilly area, harassing and destroying, and resisting stubbornly.
Hit on all sides, it fell apart. In accordance with the spirit of the joint proclamation issued by the Lu'an Prefectural Committee and the military sub-district, the Huoqiu County CPC Committee has further implemented the policy of "the ringleader of the evil must be dealt with, the coercive elements will not be asked, and the meritorious ones will be rewarded." It mobilized the masses of the people to spread a net of heaven and earth, so that wherever the roving and lurking bandits went, there were mass supervision reports and they were truly caught in the vast sea of the people's war. On September 8, Yue Qishan cleaned up the remnants of the bandits, and after the reorganization, he fled to the area of Bai Da Ji and was severely damaged by our army, eliminating most of them. Yue hurriedly put together the remaining three battalions into a reinforced battalion, but he was severely defeated by me in Yeji and fled to Gaodian in our county. On September 18, the Second Brigade of the Police of the Northern Anhui Military Region caught up with the Yue bandits and carried out encirclement and suppression in seven miles south of Beidashan. The Yue bandits did not dare to flee north (there is the Huai River), so they had to flow in the direction of Gushi, and were intercepted by our army, when it rained heavily, the flood rose sharply, causing the Yue bandits to be killed and drowned a lot, and our army annihilated more than 500 bandits in total. At this point, Yue Hulu's bandit forces were all dispersed. After Yue Qishan and his subordinates were annihilated in Beidashan, he fled with Baiyun Pavilion in disguise. Yue Qishan ran to Zhang Jingzi Wan Qizi overnight (that is, Wan Fengyun and Yue Bandit Guard Company Commander), and his right-hand man Cao Xiaozi (Cao Lanting, Yue's brother-in-law) secretly discussed, tried to hide, with the help of Wan and Cao, under the cover of selling hemp, fled to the area of Fengtai County through Sanhejian to lurk. Baiyunting disguised himself and fled to the vicinity of Wangdianzi in the south of Steep Gang Township, where he was discovered by the people working in the field, and sent to the county public security bureau, and then transferred to the northern Anhui public security bureau to be executed. On September 30, 1949, the 213th Regiment of the 71st Division of the Eastern Front Command Headquarters brought alive the enemy's commander-in-chief Wang Xian, deputy commanders Yuan Chengying and Fan Xun, and deputy chief of staff Ma Junci in the lion cave of Maoding Mountain near the Baishui River in Jinzhai, completely destroying the remnants of the bandits' nest in the Dabie Mountains and depriving Yueqishan of its sole supporter. After Yue Qishan fled to Fengtai, he successively went to Feng Chuan, Fei Haizi and other homes to hide for more than two months. Later, I came to Baiyunting's house in Huainan, hoping to find a teacher, but unexpectedly, when I had a scoop of cold water, Baiyunting's daughter told him that Bai had been captured by me. Soon after, Yue's minions Zhu Yuanwu and Guan Dusheng were also arrested, killed, or executed by our anti-Japanese troops and public security organs. Yueqi Mountain's backers and wings were cut off, and they had to continue to wander like a lost dog.
The Dongshan Secret Society attempted to riot. Yue traveled to Huangshan, Hefei, Yingshang and other places, and came into contact with the bandit leader Yu Monkey and Chen Yachuan, preparing to regroup. On the evening of June 30, 1950, they held their first secret meeting at Huangkou, where more than 20 fugitive bandit leaders gathered together to plot to organize a riot. However, due to the dissuasion of some people in the bandits, Yue Sui stopped the riot under the pretext that the troops had not arrived, and deployed bandits from all walks of life to rob separately, prepare grain and grass, and organize an underground army, which was called the "First Column of the Central Anti-Communist Self-Defense Army." Yue Zi was appointed commander and commander of the first column, and Tian Zhusan was appointed chief of staff and deputy commander.
When the Dongshan riot failed, Yue Ji and Tian Zhusan hid in Hu Baoxing, Jia Chuanbin, Yang Defu, Yin Daoshan, Wu Maocai and other places. Soon after, this reactionary organization was cracked by our public security organs. In August 1950, Yue, Tian Zhusan, and Xu Jimin conspired at Chen Jifu's house to go to Nanjing to find Chiang Tehang, and prepared to go to Taiwan to contact Chiang Kai-shek.
After Yue and Tian Zining returned to Bengbu, they joined forces with Wang Junyi, a spy member of the military command, and Li X, who had already infiltrated the Northern Anhui Cadre School in Bengbu, to continue their counterrevolutionary conspiracy activities. Under the introduction of Li X, he met with Li Shenglong (the Kuomintang Anhui Provincial Security Director). After the talks, it was decided to send Li X to Shanghai to liaise, and Yue to Bagong Mountain to hide. Soon after, Yue met the sleeper spy Li Gefei (Huoqiu, who has been sentenced and has now been pardoned), and went to Shanghai with Li. At this time, it was learned that Li X had abducted money and fled to Taiwan. Yue and Li had no way to go to Taiwan, and then returned to Bengbu. In October 1950, he returned to Huainan and planned to get guns and organize bandit armies with the bandit leader Xu Fool. Not long after, Xu was arrested by our public security organs, and Yue returned to Nanxiang in Shou County to continue his activities with Tian Zhusan. On December 26 of the same year, Yue and Tian went to Zhengyangguan and stayed at the Yingchun Hotel. After the Shou County Public Security Bureau learned about it, it immediately surrounded the hotel and arrested Tian Zhusan, while Yue Qishan, who was taking a bath in the bathhouse, took advantage of the gap and fled. Soon, Yue Qishan went to the place where Wang Yasheng, the son of Xujiawei, Banqiao Township, Suwang District, Shou County, hid. After Yue Qishan came to Xujiaweizi, he hid in the small artillery tower in the southeast corner of Weizi all day long and did not dare to come out, carrying a pistol, five bullets boiled with poison and a grenade, ready to fight to the death. On February 6, 1951, based on reliable information, the Huoqiu County Public Security Bureau dispatched seven scouts, and with the close cooperation of the Shou County Public Security Bureau and the local garrison, surrounded Xujiaweizi before dawn, causing Yue to surrender and arrest him. At this point, all the armed bandits in Yueqi Mountain, which were rampant, were wiped out.
(Liu Peiquan, originally published in the first volume of "Selected Cultural and Historical Materials of Huoqiu")