#精品长文创作季#
The motive for writing this article stems from the murder case of Chen Jiwei in Yunnan, whose son Chen Changyu ignored the admonition of his father's relatives and insisted on seeking justice for his poor mother who died tragically, and asked the law to sentence his evil father to death.
I didn't want to write about this topic, after all, it was approaching the Spring Festival, but when I saw some comments under the video related to the Chen case, I couldn't help it······
"I don't know if he will regret this decision in the future, although it is legally just, but it was you who cut off your biological father's life. ”
"How ruthless this child is, after all, it is your father, and if there is a conflict between husband and wife, it may be wrong in one go. ”
"No matter how good my mother is, my father is so bad that it leaks pus, ... As a son, you shouldn't insist on the death penalty... If you don't have this father who is so bad that it bleeds, you don't even have a chance to come to the world, and everyone is qualified to resolutely demand a resolute death sentence, but you don't!"
"A father is a father, and whether he is worthy or not is also a father!"
Look, the above comments are all accusing Chen Changyu of being "ruthless" and ruining his father's life, and they all agree:
Father is a father after all, even if he is so bad that he leaks pus, he is still your father, even if he kills your mother, you can't do anything to kill your father, otherwise it will be too ruthless, and no one will dare to associate with you.
When I saw these remarks, I couldn't help but sigh that despite the fact that XZG has been established for so long, the shadow of patriarchy still hangs over people's heads.
That's why these people accuse and criticize Chen Changyu, as if Chen Changyu's mother was an ant who was burned to death, and the murderer could continue to live as long as he obtained his son's forgiveness.
Why, then, should a son forgive the murderer of his mother? Just because the murderer is his father?
If there is no chance for a child to come into the world without a father, can a child be born alone without a mother or father?
In the eyes of the ancients, they still valued both parents as two respects, but as today's people, they still advocate what kind of father's respect and mother's inferiority, how ridiculous!
So, if there is a human tragedy like a father killing his mother, or a mother killing his father, what should a son do?
Is it to avenge your relatives, or to stay out of it?
In fact, this kind of ethical tragedy is a problem that people are at a loss for no matter what era it is.
"Confucius Congzi" volume 7 "Lian Congzi" records a case:
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a Liang countryman, who married his wife after his wife's death, and the wife killed her husband for some reason, and the son of the Liang people killed his stepmother in revenge for his father, so he was arrested.
Liang Guo said to Kong Jiyan, who was passing by Liang Guo: This son should be treated as a great contrarian, because his stepmother is like a mother, and if he kills his stepmother, he will kill his mother.
Kong Jiyan was very sympathetic to Liang Renzi, so he persuaded Liang Xiang:
The etiquette says that a stepmother is like a mother, which means that she is different from her own mother. In the past, Wen Jiang sat back and watched her brother Qi Xianggong kill her husband Lu Huangong, and her son Lu Zhuanggong severed the mother-son relationship with him and regarded him as a fellow passerby.
Wen Jiang is the biological mother, and she only knows about it, and she has severed the mother-son relationship, in this case, the murderer is only a stepmother, and she killed her husband with her own hands, so she should be even more severe!
Therefore, the crime of this son's crime should be revenge without reporting to the government, and he should not be convicted of killing his mother and condemning him to great rebellion.
Liang Xiang adopted Kong Jiyan's opinion.
A similar case is also recorded in the "Tales of Han Wu":
During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, there was a stepson named Fang Nian, who killed his stepmother because his stepmother Chen killed his father, and Fang Nian killed his stepmother and was imprisoned. According to the law, the son kills his mother to seek great rebellion. During the review of Tingwei, Emperor Jing questioned the case and inspected Emperor Wu Liu Che, who was the crown prince at the time.
Emperor Wu believed that the stepmother had already severed the relationship between husband and wife when she killed Fang Nian's father, and naturally there was no longer a mother-son kindness for Fang Nian, so it should not be based on the theory of conspiracy, but on the crime of killing mortals.
Emperor Jing adopted Emperor Wu's suggestion, and Fang Nian was finally convicted of killing mortals and sentenced to abandon the city.
The fundamental reason why the stepmother is like a mother is to match the father, once the stepmother loses the righteousness of the father, she will naturally return to the original mortal (passerby) identity, and is no longer regarded as a mother by the stepson, and there is no mother-child kindness between the two parties.
Therefore, although the stepson is still a capital crime, the crime is lighter.
The above two cases are still the stepmother killing his father, and the son can pay his life to avenge his father, so what if the murderer is related to himself once he encounters the murderer?
Some time ago, my friend Hu Lu talked about this problem in a book review of "The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State", because of patriarchal reasons, although there are many examples of fathers killing their mothers, most of the sons are at the feet of their fathers.
For example, after King Su killed Queen Jiang, Yin Jiao's brothers still went to help their father; many emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty had their biological mothers killed by their fathers, and the mother of Emperor Chongzhen was also beaten to death by his father who was the prince.
But these sons have no complaints about their father because of their inheritance, and they will not break with their father for their mother at all, at most, they will give their unjustly killed mother a coffee position - posthumously crowned queen.
But the irony is that once encountering property and inheritance issues, it is not uncommon for sons to rise up and kill their fathers, such as Shangchen, Liu Shao, Zhu Youqi and so on.
The one who really killed his father because of protecting his mother, up and down for 5,000 years, I only think of one person - Tuoba Shao, the king of Qinghe in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the rebel son who was severely criticized by the ancients and nailed to the pillar of disobedience and unfilial piety.
Tuoba Shao is the son of Daowu Emperor Tuoba Jue and his little aunt He, yes, that's right, He is Tuoba Jue's own aunt, originally had a husband, Tuoba Shao because of his aunt's beauty, regardless of his mother's opposition, killed his uncle, occupied his aunt, and gave birth to his youngest son Tuoba Shao.
He angered Tuoba because of something, and Tuoba Jue imprisoned He and prepared to kill him, but he was reluctant to do so, and he hesitated until the evening and did not make up his mind.
At this time, the He family, who was unwilling to wait for death, sent someone to ask his son for help, and after Tuoba Shao heard the news, he did not hesitate or entangle, but quickly gathered several of his cronies and eunuchs, sneaked into the palace overnight, killed his father Tuoba Shao, and rescued his mother He who was imprisoned.
Why was he outside? Because his father wanted to make him his heir, Tuoba Shao made a rule for his son to kill his mother, and he made Tuoba Hei the crown prince, so he killed his biological mother.
Tuoba Hei was very painful, and he couldn't seek revenge on his father, so he ran outside, and when he heard that his younger brother had murdered his father, he turned into a dutiful son, arrested Tuoba Shao's mother and son with the support of the minister, executed them, ascended the throne, and posthumously crowned his biological mother as queen.
In the end, Tuoba heir, who did not avenge his mother, became the famous Wei Taizong, and Tuoba Shao, who protected his mother and killed his father, was a rebel son who "knew his mother and forgot his father, and covered himself as a beast".
Yes, just as some people criticized Chen Changyu's insistence on the death penalty of his evil father as a beast, 1,600 years ago, Tuoba Shao, who killed his father for his mother, was also scolded as a beast.
After more than 1,600 years of vicissitudes and changes, some people's patriarchal thinking is still deeply rooted.
In this way of thinking, the father can kill the mother, but the son is not allowed to take revenge, and revenge is unfilial piety, which is a beast; if the mother dares to kill the father, the son must take revenge, and if he does not take revenge, he is unfilial, and he is also a beast.
Thinking of the case of Wu Xie Yu's murder of his mother in Fujian, Wu Xie Yu killed his biological mother, but his paternal relatives ran for him and pleaded for him, hoping to obtain the understanding of his maternal relatives and exchange life for the son who killed his mother.
I can't help but wonder what a mother is in the eyes of some people? How cheap is a mother? Why should a mother give unconditionally even if she sacrifices her own life?
Commenting on the case of his son's murder of his mother, Ruan Ji of the Jin Dynasty said: A man can kill his father, but how can he kill his mother? The emperor criticized him for speaking indiscriminately: Killing one's father is the most evil in the world, how can you say that you can kill one's father?
Ruan Ji uttered the famous sentence: "Birds and beasts know their mothers but not their fathers, and if they kill their fathers, they are like beasts." Killing a mother is not as good as a beast."
What does it mean? That is, the son who kills the father is like a beast, but the son who kills the mother is not as good as a beast! Birds and beasts know the kindness of their mothers, but people do not know it, so are they not even as good as beasts?
It can be seen that Ruan Ji knows deeply that most of the time, in the growth of children, mothers pay far more than fathers.
It is precisely because the ancients believed that there is no end to the biological mother and child, so when the Eastern Wei Dynasty formulated the "New System of Lintoe", it was stipulated in Article 66 of the Three Princes Cao Chapter:
The mother kills her father, and the son is not allowed to sue her, but the accuser dies. - Children are not allowed to report to the government that they have killed their fathers and mothers, and those who violate them will be put to death.
Why did the imperial court introduce such a new rule?
I thought that it might be that the situation of the father killing the mother was relatively common at that time, but the mother killing the father was not common, so the court pointed out a clear way for those children who were at a loss for ethical tragedy.
This decree is clearly in the interests of the mother, but it is clearly detrimental to the interests of the father.
Therefore, Dou Ming, the governor of Jinzhou at that time, was very dissatisfied, and after entering Beijing, he wrote to the imperial court and asked for the revision of this law.
Dou Ying firmly stood on the paternal position and said:
The law has always stipulated that children and grandchildren sue their parents and grandparents for death, and that children and grandchildren are allowed to protect their parents and grandparents. But there is no requirement for a son to keep silent when a mother kills his father.
If the father kills the mother, it is the husband who kills the wife, the father respects the mother, the husband respects the wife, and the son can not sue the official.
But it is an unforgivable sin for a mother to kill her father and kill her with humility, so why not allow her son to sue the official?
If the son knows that his mother wants to kill his father, he should tell his father, and if his mother has killed his father, the son should sue the official.
Now that the law stipulates that a mother kills his father, and a son is not allowed to sue his mother, does that not make people know their mothers but not their fathers?
The husband (father) is the heaven of his wife (mother), and the father is also the heaven of the son, but the mother (wife) kills the father (husband), which is the heaven that kills both himself and the son, and the second day is destroyed, how can the son, as a son, be silent?
Such a mother is a sin that cannot be forgiven, and on the day she kills her husband, her mother's kindness has been cut off, and the son can no longer regard her mother as her mother!
After Dou Ying wrote a book, the imperial court started a discussion about it, and the third prince Feng Junyi took the lead in refuting Dou Ming.
Feng Junyi directly denied Dou Yin's view that his father respected his mother and was inferior:
For children, the kindness of parents is the same, and there is no superiority or inferiority. The famous poem "Liao" is to praise the parents and parents, and even pay more attention to the mother, saying that the father respects the mother and inferiority? There has never been such a saying in ancient times.
Citing "Zhou Yi" and "Ritual Mourning Clothes", Dou Ying argues:
Heaven respects the earth and the earth is inferior, the heavens and the earth are good, the father and the mother are the ones who serve the father, and the mother only needs to serve the decline, isn't this the superiority and inferiority of the superiority and inferiority? How can it be said that there was no such saying in ancient times?
Feng Junyi continued to output his views:
If the mother kills the father, and the son sues the mother again, and the mother dies because of the son, it is to kill the mother with the son, "there is no motherless country in the world", and the blood relationship between mother and son will not be severed because the mother kills the father, how do you let the son who sue the mother deal with himself?
Dou Ying was very good at sophistry, and quickly counterattacked with Feng Junyi's spear:
Since the mother who killed his father was not reported to the government, he was involved in the murder of his father, and how could there be a fatherless country in the world? The blood relationship between father and son can be severed? How should this son who does not tell his mother deal with himself?
Feng Junyi continued to quote the scriptures:
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Wen Jiang and his brother Qi Xiang had a private affair, Qi Xianggong killed his brother-in-law Lu Huangong, Wen Jiang was stranded in Qi and did not dare to return to Lu State, for Lu Zhuang Gong, his father was killed, his mother was in exile, and he could only see his mother as a son of man.
But he did not forget his mother's kindness, nor did he break off diplomatic relations with Qi, so the Spring and Autumn Scriptures said that Wen Jiang was inferior to Qi, which is an example of the son of man hiding for his mother.
So, what is there in this law, which has been in force for almost a year, needs to be removed?
Dou Ying also took Lu Zhuanggong as an example, but his conclusion was contrary to Feng Junyi:
The Spring and Autumn Biography does not call Lu Zhuang Gong to the throne, and does not call Jiang Shi, which is a clear proof that Lu Zhuang Gong and his mother are not related, not for his mother. It is only because Qi is small and the Son of Heaven is in decline that Duke Lu Zhuang does not dare to have a bad relationship with the Qi State, and he does not dare to report his mother to the Son of Heaven!
Although Dou Yao was endless, he did not receive the support of his colleagues, and his proposal to ask the imperial court to remove Article 66 of the law did not receive a positive reply, and "the matter was suspended".
The "Lintoe New System" that had already been promulgated was continued to be implemented and continued to be used by the later dynasties.
After entering the Tang Dynasty, there were some changes to this law:
That is, the step-sister, the step-mother, and the loving mother kill their father. and the one who feeds kills his own life. and heard. ("Tang Law Shuyi: Fighting Litigation III")
That is, the mother who kills the father is limited to the biological mother, excluding the mother-in-law, stepmother, and loving mother.
This law was followed by the Song Dynasty until the Ming Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the imperial power was centralized, and the patriarchy was even worse than before.
For example, the "Da Ming Law" stipulates that whoever kills his stepmother as his father's avenger like Fang Nian and kills the murderer at that time is not guilty, and whoever kills the murderer later will be given 60 rods.
That is, if Fang Nian lived in the Ming Dynasty and killed his stepmother, he would be acquitted or sixty rods, instead of being abandoned in the city.
So what about the biological mother killing the father?
If you are a son, you must tell your mother to the government.
Obviously, the Ming Dynasty and Dou Ming's view that their fathers were inferior to their mothers was the same, which also showed that the family status of women, including their mothers, declined greatly in the Ming Dynasty.
If he accuses him of rebellion, rebellion, treason, harboring of spies, and of his mother-in-law, stepmother, loving mother, and biological mother to kill his father, if his adoptive parents kill his biological parents, ······ and listen to the accusations, not within the limits of doing the right thing. "The Law of the Ming Dynasty: Doing the Name and Committing Righteousness"
Li Dongyang's protégé, Shao Bao, the secretary of the Nanjing Ministry of Rites, once said:
When a mother kills her father, the son should not regard her as a mother, but should cut off the kindness of the mother and son. The fathers are all dead, but the sons, they are not dead? Even if they sue their mothers and die, they will die as they deserve.
From Shao Bao's words, it can be seen that in the cognition of the Ming people, the wife (mother) and the son must be prostrate under the authority of the husband and the father, which is the real father's respect and mother's inferiority.
In this kind of ethical tragedy, the attitude of the Ming people towards their mothers and wives is even worse than that of the vassal Li Joseon, and the Korean scholar Ding Ruoyong once told a case:
A man had an affair with a maidservant who had a husband and children, and in order to achieve longevity, he killed the maidservant's husband with a rod. When the maidservant's son grew up, he learned the truth about his father's murder.
He is very painful, his father died because of his mother, although his mother did not do it herself, but she knew it (very similar to Wen Jiang), and he was raised by his mother with hard work, how to face the mother who killed his father?
Unable to find spiritual relief, he ran away from his mother and did not know what to do.
Ding Ruoyong's evaluation of this son's behavior, although it is a helpless move, but it is in righteousness, if the world is unfortunate enough to encounter the same human tragedy, we should refer to this son's way of dealing with it.
······
Under the rule of patriarchy, the ancients were still trying their best to improve the status of their mothers, and compared with the words and deeds of the ancients, some people today should really be ashamed.
Although there are still imperfections in the legal system of modern society, efforts have been made to eliminate the influence of male (father) superiority over female (mother) inferiority, whether it is a father killing a mother, or a mother killing a father, as a child, you should bravely stand up and seek justice for your deceased relatives.
It is not because the murderer is a father and a son, and the deceased is a mother, that the murderer should be open.
No one is qualified to forgive the murderer for the victim!
Nor is anyone qualified to blame or criticize the children who seek justice for their loved ones who have been killed!
Of course, if the victim is a bad father like Chen's father, I believe that the law will also make a proper judgment on the "murderer".
That's it.
The picture comes from the Internet invasion and deletion.
References: omitted.
I never try to convince others, I just tell my own opinions, and I reject over-reading and conspiracy theories that are divorced from the human environment.