A 7-year-old child walks his dog alone, and a baby under 1 year old is scratched...... The Supreme People's Court publishes and interprets typical cases

On February 5, the Supreme People's Court held a press conference to release six typical cases of liability for damage caused by raising animals, guiding the general public to raise animals in a civilized manner in accordance with the law, consciously abide by laws and regulations, and respect public order and good customs.

Chen Yifang, president of the First Civil Tribunal of the Supreme People's Court, said that the typical case not only reflects the luck psychology of the breeder who "believes that his dog will not hurt people", but also reflects the reality that he does not know, does not understand, and is not familiar with the laws and regulations of dog breeding, and lacks the civilization of dog breeding.

The reporter noticed that the case of Hong Moumou v. Ou and Si Moumou over the liability for damage caused by raising animals released this time reflects the blind confidence of the breeder.

In this case, Si raised a black dachshund, thinking that "my dog is very cute and obedient and does not bite", so he relaxed his vigilance and allowed the underage child to walk the dog alone, causing the dog to become a "source of danger for movement".

In August 2021, Si asked his minor son Ou (7 years old) to walk his dog on the east side of the gate of a community. Ou did not avoid the child when walking the dog, and the dog scratched the left foot of Hong (a baby under 1 year old).

After Hong's family called the police, the dog was seized by the public security organs. The public security organs found that Si Mou let his minor son walk the dog when he went out of the house with the dog, which violated the provisions of the local dog management regulations that "when the dog goes out of the house, the dog shall be leashed and led by an adult, and the dog bearer shall carry the dog registration certificate, and the elderly, the disabled, pregnant women and children shall be avoided", and the circumstances are serious, so an administrative penalty was imposed and the dog was confiscated.

Hong's family sent Hong to a children's hospital for treatment, and the doctor injected Hong with a rabies vaccine. Hong's family filed a lawsuit because they failed to negotiate compensation with Si, requesting Ou and Si to compensate for medical expenses, transportation expenses and other expenses.

The trial court held that Si, as the keeper and manager of the dog involved in the case, violated relevant regulations by letting his minor son walk the dog, causing Hong Moumou's left foot to be scratched, and Si's behavior was at fault, and there was also a causal relationship between Si's actions and Hong's damage consequences, and Si should be liable for Hong's losses. The court ruled that Si should compensate Hong for medical expenses and transportation expenses totaling 3,092 yuan.

According to reports, this case is a typical case of dog injury. The indifference of the breeder and the manager and the neglect of laws and regulations will eventually lead to harmful consequences, which will not only cause physical and mental damage to the young infringed person, but also cause economic losses to themselves, and may also lose the opportunity for the dog to continue to accompany them. On the surface, the dog is causing the accident, but it is actually a management problem for the breeder and manager. In order to avoid similar situations, it is necessary to raise dogs in accordance with regulations, pay attention to education and guide minor family members to strengthen their awareness of danger, establish a risk concept, and jointly achieve legal, civilized and safe dog breeding.

Du Jun, vice president of the First Civil Division of the Supreme People's Court, said that this issue needs to be considered from three situations:

The first is when the dog is forbidden to be raised. In accordance with the provisions of Article 1247 of the Civil Code, where a dangerous animal such as a fierce dog that is prohibited from being raised causes damage to others, the animal keeper or manager shall bear tort liability. For example, a city's dog management regulations prohibit the breeding of Tibetan mastiffs. The keeper violated this regulation by keeping a Tibetan mastiff. When a Tibetan mastiff bites another person, the keeper shall be liable for compensation regardless of the management measures taken by the keeper and whether the infringed party has teased the Tibetan mastiff or not.

The second case is that the dog is not a prohibited dog, but violates other regulations. According to the provisions of Article 1246 of the Civil Code, if the animal violates the management provisions and fails to take safety measures against the animal and causes damage to others, the animal keeper or manager shall bear tort liability; For example, the regulations on the management of dog breeding in a city require that dogs should be leashed and led by adults when they go out of the house. If the keeper goes out with the dog and does not leash the dog, resulting in another person being bitten, the keeper shall, in principle, compensate the infringed party in full for the loss; only when the keeper provides evidence to prove that the damage was intentionally caused by the infringed party, can the defender's liability for compensation be appropriately reduced, but it cannot be completely exempted.

The third situation is that the dog is not prohibited from being raised, and there is no violation of the management regulations. According to the provisions of Article 1245 of the Civil Code, where the raising of animals causes damage to others, the animal keeper or manager shall bear tort liability; That is to say, the dog raised by the keeper does not belong to the scope of prohibited breeding, and the dog breeding behavior does not violate the management regulations. However, if the keeper can provide evidence to prove that the damage occurred due to the gross negligence of the infringed party, the liability for compensation may be reduced, and the keeper can provide evidence to prove that the damage occurred intentionally caused by the infringed party, and the keeper may be exempted from liability for compensation.

Du Jun said that if the dog is raised and causes damage to people, the conditions for the keeper or manager to reduce or exempt the liability are relatively strict. This also shows that raising dogs is also a "responsibility to raise" to a certain extent.

Du Jun suggested that animal keepers and managers should raise and manage animals in accordance with the law and in a civilized manner, and not only abide by relevant management norms when carrying animals out, but also prevent and avoid damage to others. Don't tease animals outside and work together to prevent animal damage.

Author|Rule of Law Daily all-media reporter Zhang Hao

Source: Rule of Law Daily

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Wang Fang, Zhang Bo, Yue Rhenium

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