Guo Songling belongs to the Manchurian Han military banner. In the TV series "Young Marshal", a glorious image of Guo Songling, a general of the Fengjun who was also a teacher and friend with Zhang Xueliang, was upright and dedicated to serving the country, had to meet Zhang Xueliang's father and son, and finally died as a martyr. So, is Guo Songling, who died in history, really like what is played in the play? Let's learn about it through historical witnesses
Guo Songling, whose name is Maochen, was born in 1883 and was originally a native of Yuqiao Village, Liaoyang County, Fengtian (subordinate to Liaoyang at that time). Married to a wife, surnamed Han Shuxiu. She graduated from Yenching University, had a poor childhood, liked to read, and was very intelligent. Guo has a certain revolutionary insight, he once said: "If you want to revolution, you must have force, and if you want to unify the army, you must have knowledge." After that, he was admitted to the Fengtian Army Crash School. When Zhang Zuolin arrested and massacred the revolutionary party, he was arrested and imprisoned. Soon after, he was rescued and released. In 19ーニ, when Zhang Xikui was the governor of Northeast China, he was appointed as a major staff officer. In 1913, he was admitted to the Beijing Army University, and after graduation, he served as an instructor in the Beijing Lecture and Martial Arts Hall. When he was in Guangzhou, Guo once said: "····· The Northeast is vast and densely populated, and if you want to improve the three eastern provinces, you must overthrow the warlords; If you want to overthrow the warlords, you must be prepared to be a great sacrifice. I want to return to the army and seek military power, and accumulate strength for the right time. Soon, he left the factory and returned to Feng, and served as an instructor in the Fengtian Lecture Hall. At that time, Zhang Zuolin didn't pay attention to him. At the opening ceremony of the lecture hall, Zhang asked him, "Didn't you go to the south, why did you come back? I think you should have come back a long time ago, what kind of bastards are there outside?" Among the students of the lecture hall, Zhang Xueliang deeply admired his academic qualities. In front of his father, Zhang Xueliang recommended the reuse of Guo Songling many times. In 192O, when Zhang Xueliang was the commander of the Guards Brigade, he also appointed Guo as the chief of staff, and was soon promoted to the commander of the regiment. When Zhang Xueliang was the commander of the Second Brigade, he also promoted Guo as the commander of the Sixth Brigade. The two brigades are co-located, and Guo is mostly responsible for the actual responsibility. Later, these two brigades were known as the strong brigades of the three eastern provinces.
With the support of Zhang, Guo made great achievements in the reform of the Feng army. At the initiative of Guo and other new-school figures, the martial arts hall was rectified, a teaching team was established, an officer training class was opened, and an officer school was established. Vigorously absorb young students, train military backbones, strengthen the education of military regulations, eliminate the bad habits of serving the army, and win the trust of Zhang Xueliang. Therefore, Zhang once said to others: "Guo Maochen is me, I am Guo Maochen." ”
In 1924, during the Second Zhifeng War, Guo Songling had become an important general in the Feng army. At that time, Fengtian was organized into six armies, with Zhang Xueliang as the commander of the Third Army, and Guo as the deputy commander and commander of the Sixth Division. After the Second Zhifeng War, the marshal tried his best to improve the status of the young marshal, and Guo Zhi's status also improved. At this time, Guo, with the support of Zhang Xueliang, controlled the elite of the Feng army, and became a pivotal figure in the Feng army.
Guo Songling has a unique style among the generals of the Fengjun army, he opposes luxury, advocates frugality, always wears a uniform all year round, and is majestic and polite. At that time, ordinary military and political officials ate, drank, prostituted and gambled, and bullied others. Guo rarely interacted with them.
Guo Songling's wife, Han Shuxiu, and Feng Yuxiang's wife, Li Dequan, were classmates at Yenching University. Han Zhi is more open-minded and often participates in social activities. He has set up schools for the poor, cram schools for housewives, anti-drug associations, and collected clothing for the poor. According to the investigation of various aspects, Guo Songling's anti-Feng does have his personal ideological basis, so his anti-Feng is by no means accidental. At that time, among the warlords of the Feng faction, there were the old faction, the new faction, the foreign faction and the Turkish faction. The old-school is Zhang Jinghui, Zhang Zuoxiang and Wu Junsheng, who are all old partners of Zhang Zuolin. In addition, Yang Zijian and Jiang Dengxuan are also older than Guo Songling, and their status is also higher, and at the same time, they often revolve around the big handsome's buttocks and give advice for them, so they are quite trusted by the big handsome. The Tu faction was headed by Guo Songling, and many of the factions were distributed among the lower echelons of Fengjun officers. Although Guo Songling was suppressed and excluded by the old-fashioned foreign school, he was most admired by the young marshal and protected by the young marshal. As Guo's power grew, the conflict between the old-school warlords and him deepened.
At the beginning of the Second Zhifeng War, Zhang Xueliang was the commander of the Third Army, and Guo was the deputy commander of the Third Army. In the battle of the nine gates of Yuguan, Guo Songling attacked the enemy in front of Yuguan, and only won the victory of Yuguan because of Guo's strategy at that time. Guo Lingsong has always cared about the military training and soldier life of the Northeast Army, but Zhang Zuolin has always been cold to him. Prior to this, Guo Songling had already joined forces with Li Jinglin, the governor of Hebei Province, and Feng Yuxiang, the commander-in-chief of the First Army of the Shanxi National Army, to plot anti-Feng activities. In the autumn of 1925, Japan held autumn exercises and invited the Nationalist Army and the Northeast Army to visit, with Han Fuqu sent by the Nationalist Army and Guo Songling sent by Fengtian. Witnessing the situation at home and abroad, Guo Zuolin was deeply dissatisfied with Zhang Zuolin's arrogant and wanton behavior and bringing disaster to the country and the people. During a secret conversation one day, he said: "In the past few days, after listening in Japan in every possible way, the Feng side has recently prepared to recognize the article and promised that Japan would supply arms to attack the Nationalist Army. Feng Fang will soon send a representative to Yu Chonghan to Japan for negotiations. The national crisis has reached this point today, and Zhang Zuolin did not hesitate to betray the country and the nation for his personal power, which is really hateful!" Guo Songling returned to Shenyang after the visit. One day he said to Zhang Xueliang: "Dashuai's brain is too old, and now he is surrounded by mountains, and he is afraid that it is irretrievable." He continued: "It is recommended that the father let the son succeed him, so that the young marshal can be appointed as the supreme commander of the northeast, and the situation of the three eastern provinces will be reformed, and victory will be in sight." Zhang Xueliang, after listening to it, couldn't help but be shocked, but he was silent. In the past, Feng Yuxiang had suggested detaining Zhang Xuegen, but Guo was not afraid to do it, so he tried to get him to leave. Guo Songling's anti-father and not anti-son approach mainly saw that Zhang Xueliang was different from Da Shuai in thought, and at the same time, because of his close personal friendship, Da Shuai sent an urgent telegram at this time, ordering Guo to return to Shen quickly. After receiving the telegram, Guo Songling was very uneasy, and he was afraid that the marshal would suspect him, so he hurriedly conspired with Li Jinglin overnight to take countermeasures. Later, Guo Songling sent three telegrams asking Zhang Zuolin to step down immediately and ask Zhang Xueliang to take over power; 3. Officially announce the immediate cessation of all operations by the armed forces of the two countries.
On 23 November, the personnel of Guo Songling's personal commander headquarters took a ride eastward to Leizhuang, hurried to Luanzhou Station, and made a statement before the telegram was made, opposing Zhang Zuolin's struggle for territory and harming the people of Northeast China. When he spoke, he took out the roster that had been prepared long ago, and asked his subordinates to sign each of the more than 20 who refused to sign at that time, including division commanders Gao Wei, Qi Enming, and Pei Chunsheng, and immediately announced that they would be cut from their posts and imprisoned, and escorted to Tianjin, where they were handed over to Li Jinglin's custody. At this time, Jiang Dengxuan's special car drove to Fengtian, and when he arrived in Luanzhou, he was intercepted by Guo Songling. I heard that Jiang was a good person in the Feng army and had a great influence, so it was quite unstrategic to kill Jiang this time. After that, Guo Songling led his subordinates of more than 70,000 people, changed it into four armies, and formulated a new battle plan. At the same time, he wrote a letter to Zhang Xueliang to show his loyalty, reminding Zhang Xueliang to hold the purpose of saving the country, and not to be foolish and filial to his father, so as to delay major events. In the letter, he also said that Songling would like to be a great man in the new era, and he would not like to be a hero in the old world. Yu Linshu was heartbroken, tears were stained, temporarily contradicted each other, and finally got together. If the great thing is certain, then ask my father to hurry back to preside over everything; If you unfortunately fail, you don't want to recover, and you are willing to spend your life as a farmer. Soon, Guo Jun fought at Shanhaiguan and broke through Zhang Zuoxiang's department in one fell swoop. On November 29, when they entered Suizhong, the Feng army was frightened and fled in a hurry when they abandoned the Daling River. On 30 November, Guo Songling sent a telegram to the whole army, and the general headquarters was changed to the Northeast National Army, and the name of Zhang Xueliang was no longer used. From then on, the news of the defeat of the Feng army spread to Mukden.
At that time, Zhang Zuolin was lying on the kang all day long and smoking a lot, scolding Xiao Liuzi (the nickname of the young marshal) from time to time, and regretting that he had mistakenly believed in the devil (Guo Songling's nickname) and ruined the big thing. Zhang Zuolin, who was in danger, prepared to flee to Dalian. He then ordered Peng Xian, the general office of Guanyin, and Luan Guitian, the head of the military department, to withdraw 8 million yuan (with a ticket) for him in order to escape. After he left, he burned down the Shuai Mansion. At this time, Zhang Zuolin had already communicated with the Japanese Kwantung Commander Chuan, hoping that the Kwantung Army would send troops to rescue the emergency. Fang promised not only to defend the city, but also to guarantee that even if Guo's army reached Xinmin, according to the treaty, the Chinese army would not be allowed to fight near the South Manchurian Railway; When necessary, the Kwantung Army could also send troops to block it, and the Guo Army would not be able to attack the provincial capital. Before the signing of the 21 traitorous treaties, Zhang Zuolin telegraphed Wu Junsheng of Longjiang Province and ordered him to send an infantry brigade and a cavalry brigade, plus the Fifth Independent Brigade of Jilin, to Huanggutun via Zhengjiatun and Siping by the Taoang Railway. Zhang Zuolin came from the South Railway Station and spoke to everyone in a hurry, and when there was no time, he ordered the large army to march to Xinmin in three ways. Due to the slow march of Guo Jun and the bomb truck being blown up halfway, the army was suspended for three days, giving Zhang Zuolin a chance to breathe. So Zhang Zuolin's heart of running away and being depressed was shocked again. In Feng, the provincial police, the armor protection team, and the remnants of the road guard military police reached as many as 10,000 people, and he appointed himself as the commander-in-chief of Guo. At this time, Zhang Zuoxiang led his troops to Fengtian, and Wu Junsheng's cavalry brigade also arrived at the same time. Then Zhang Xueliang was the commander of the Middle Route Army as the first army, Zhang Zuoxiang was the commander of the right wing army as the first army, and Wu Junsheng was promoted as the commander of the right wing army as the third army. The center held out, the two flanks attacked, and the Japanese army also mixed into the Feng army in disguise, and the Japanese officers acted as advisers. Japanese artillery was also brought into position. Under the cover of the traitorous pact, Japanese imperialism openly assisted the Feng army to block Guo's army. A brigade and three battalions of Guo's army marched to Yingkou, but they were blocked by the Japanese garrison and could not advance on the way.
The Japanese emperor sent troops to help Zhang, which caused a great obstacle to Guo's army, but Guo's army was not deterred by this. In the face of fierce enemies, overcoming all kinds of difficulties such as the scorching cold and the interruption of the railway, they still charged into battle, fought stubbornly, and quickly attacked the other side of the Juliu River. On December 17, it occupied the White Flag Fort and confronted the Feng army across the river. When Guo's vanguard troops marched into Xinmin, the masses of the people warmly welcomed them. Beginning on 22 December, Guo's army split up to fight a decisive battle with Feng's army, and the Japanese reconnaissance formed a Ruoqian group to cut off the connection between Guo's army headquarters and the front. The cavalry of the Japanese and Wu Junsheng raided the White Flag Fort and burned the ammunition vehicles of the Guo army. In addition, Japanese planes bombed Baiqi Fort and other places, Guo's army was attacked on three sides, and the formation was chaotic for a while. On 24 December, he and his wife Han Shuxiu and a few confidential personnel accompanying him made an unsuccessful attempt to escape from Yingkou to Dalian. At that time, Guo Songling and his wife disguised themselves as peasants, and they were also detected by the commander of the enemy's cavalry brigade, and they searched the cabbage cellar surnamed Hao in Caijiawopu, pulled out the gate and killed them on the spot. Zhang Zuolin was ecstatic when he heard the news, and ordered the hearts of the Guo couple to be dug out to sacrifice their dead officers and soldiers.
It's a pity that Guo Songling, who was only 43 years old, died at the hands of Japan and Zhang before he could save the country. Later generations will never forget this enlightened and patriotic general. (The author, Li Guangze, is an officer of the Fengjun Army)