He asked Wang Ni and said, "What is the same thing that the son knows?" He said, "I know how evil I am!" "The son knows what the son does not know the evil?" He said, "I know what I am evil! "And then things are ignorant and evil?" He said, "I know what I am evil! Although, try to put it into words. What is the so-called knowledge of my so-called ignorance of evil? What is the so-called ignorance of ignorance?
Next, Zhuangzi uses a dialogue between Nian and Wang Ni to further discuss his own view of the unity of the mixture. Wang Ni was a sage in the Yao Emperor period, and Rodent was a disciple of Wang Ni. There are also versions that these two are fictional characters of Zhuangzi. He asked Wang Ni: "Do you know that all kinds of things always have something in common with each other?" The problem of rodent is a problem that is encountered by scholars who study and seek to learn continuously, and the desire to trace back to the source will arise if the study continues to deepen. Although we all admit that everything has its essential similarities, Wang Ni replied that he didn't know, and then asked the teacher what do you not know? Wang Ni's answer was still not to know, but Wang Ni then explained why he would answer that he didn't know, Wang Ni said: "How do you know that what I said I know is not unknown?" And how do you know that what I say I don't know is not knowing? ”
Well, I'll admit that few people in Wang Ni's last sentence can figure out what he wants to say at once. The key point lies in what is known and what is not known, and the so-called knowing is likely to be a conclusion drawn from one's own biased and partial position, and the conclusion is often one-sided. As a teacher, Wang Ni still has to find a way to make his students understand what he means, and continue to give examples according to Zhuangzi's habit.
And I tried to ask the woman: The people are wet and sleeping, and they are sick and dead, and the loach is so good? The wood is frightened, and the monkey is so good? Which of the three is right?
Wang Ni first asked a few questions, people sleeping in damp places will get sick from their waist or even cause hemiplegia, will loaches be like this? People live in tall trees and are terrified and terrified, but are apes the same? Which of the three, humans, loaches, and apes, knows the standard of residence best?
There is no so-called unified standard for the quality and right of people, loaches, and apes, and it can only be said that what is suitable for oneself is right and good, and the one that is suitable for others is not necessarily suitable for oneself. As human beings, can we say that we know or understand the criteria for judging the quality of a dwelling? The so-called knowing becomes not knowing.
The people's food, the elk food, the maggot, the crow and the squirrel, who knows the right taste? The sniper snipe is a female, the moose and the deer have sex, and the loach swims with the fish.
People feed on the meat of livestock, elk eat grass mustard, centipedes eat small snakes, owls and crows love to eat mice, who knows the real deliciousness of the four types of animals: humans, elk, centipedes, owls and crows? The apes use the snipe as a mate, the moose like to mate with the deer, and the loaches mate with the fish.
Mao Liji, the beauty of people; The fish sees the depth, the bird sees the high flying, the elk sees the decision, who knows the right color of the world?
Mao Yan and Liji were praised beauties, but the fish saw them dive deep into the water, the birds saw them fly high into the sky, and the elk saw them withdraw their hooves and fled quickly. Who of the four people, fish, birds, and elk knows the true beauty of the world?
This is the origin of the idiom "sinking fish and falling geese", Mao Yan is a stunning beauty in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is equivalent to the Xi Shi era, and is said to be the love of Goujian, the king of Yue. Initially, people praised the portrait of Mao Yan far more than Xi Shi. She should be the original image of "Sinking Fish", the embodiment of beauty. Liki has failed her exam. Therefore, the original "sunken fish" and "falling geese" should refer to "Mao Yan" and "Liji", not "Xi Shi" and "Wang Zhaojun". And here "sinking fish" and "falling geese" do not describe the beauty of women, but that fish and geese do not know how to appreciate human beauties, they are just out of instinctive fear, away from humans, elk also kiss, see human beings will flee quickly. So that you will not be attracted by the so-called beauty of human beings!
Self-view, the end of benevolence and righteousness, the painting of right and wrong, Fan Ran is confused, and I can know how to argue! ”
Therefore, in Wang Ni's view, the origin and source of benevolence and righteousness, and the ways of judging right and wrong, are so chaotic and chaotic, how can we know the difference between them! Ordinary people do not understand, and cannot stand on a supreme, comprehensive perspective to look at things, there will naturally be deviations and one-sidedness, in this case, how can there be any so-called right and wrong, right and wrong?
He said: "If the son is not harmful, then the person does not know the benefit?" ”
He still didn't give up, and then asked: "Teacher, you don't understand the benefits and disadvantages, so don't the supreme people with noble moral cultivation also know the advantages and disadvantages?" ”
Wang Ni said: "To the gods! Daze burns but can't be hot, the river can't be cold, thunder breaks mountains, and the wind vibrates the sea without being frightened. If so, ride the clouds, ride the sun and the moon, and swim beyond the four seas, life and death will not change for themselves, and the situation is at the end of the stake! ”
Wang Ni said: "The supreme person is really wonderful! Lin Ze's burning could not make him feel hot, the Yellow River and the Han River could not make him feel cold, and the thunder splitting mountains and rocks, and the wind overturning the rivers and seas could not make him feel shocked. Such a supreme person can control the clouds, ride the sun and the moon, and travel beyond the four seas, and the changes in death and life will not affect him, let alone the trivial things such as benefits and harms! ”
Many versions of "Feng Zhenhai" did not have "floating" before it, and it should have been lost.
Wang Ni's evaluation of the supreme person can be said to be very exaggerated, the cold and warm changes in the outside world will not affect him, the thunder splitting the mountain, the wind and the sea can not make it produce a trace of emotional fluctuations, can do Mount Tai collapse in front of the color unchanged, this is to see through the essence of all things in the world, not affected by external factors, a state of peaceful face.
It is precisely because of this state that it can control the clouds, and some scholars understand that it may not be very accurate to be able to ride the clouds, so it should not be treated, that is, it should not be relied on, but the control of everything is in the heart, even the most difficult to control the clouds. "Riding the sun and the moon" is not really able to ride the sun and the moon to travel the four seas, but refers to the ability to break free from the shackles of time, life is just to experience the sun and moon in the world, living in this period of life, death is just the end of this period of time, understand that life and death are just a part of life, is a stage of the cycle of life, life and death, death and life, not bound by time or life and death, so it is called "riding the sun and the moon". Neither life nor death can affect people in the slightest, so how can the minutiae of benefits and harms be worth paying attention to?
Many people may be very strange, every time Zhuangzi talks about the supreme people, the supernatural powers are blown, and it feels like a superman from the Krypton planet. It must be noted here that even the supreme beings, divine men, or saints in Zhuangzi's text are all human beings. The fact that he is not afraid of water and fire, riding the clouds, and riding the sun and the moon is just that his spiritual cultivation has reached a high enough level. is not happy with things, not sad with things, transcends time and space, and is really incomparable with Superman.