The "10 Knows" of Pressure Ulcer Prevention can be summarized in the following points for a clearer understanding and application:
1. Keep your skin clean: Clean your skin every day, keep your water temperature at 40-45 degrees Celsius, keep your skin dry and use moisturizer appropriately.
2. Get Nutritional: Consume enough protein, vitamins and minerals to enhance your skin's elasticity and repair capacity. Malnutrition reduces the skin's resistance and increases the risk of pressure ulcers.
3. Bowel and bowel control: Continuously pay attention to the patient's ability to control bowel and bowel movements, ensure that the bed surface is clean and tidy, and avoid skin irritation in a humid environment.
4. Avoid prolonged compression: Put the patient in an appropriate position to reduce the pressure on the bony carina. When sitting or lying down, avoid pressure on your heels, elbows, head, or ears. Roll over regularly and change positions, it is generally recommended to turn over every 2 hours.
5. Use the right mattress and cushions: Mattresses and cushions should be elastic and supportive, reducing pressure on the skin. The surface material should be soft and comfortable to avoid friction and shear forces on the skin.
6. Avoid friction and shear forces: Avoid sudden movements and slides when moving your body, and use appropriate lifting tools and care techniques.
7. Maintain moderate exercise: For people who are bedridden or in a wheelchair for a long time, it is very important to perform moderate limb movements, such as flexing and extending limbs, twisting the torso, etc., to promote blood circulation and metabolism.
8. Pay attention to body temperature regulation: Avoid being in an excessively hot or cold environment for a long time, and pay attention to keeping warm and dissipating heat.
9. Check your skin regularly: Especially the areas that are prone to pressure, such as the spine and ischial process, need to be examined. Once you find that the skin is red, swollen, ulcerated, or other abnormalities, you should take measures in time.
10. Professional nursing: In the process of preventing pressure ulcers, the guidance and intervention of professional nursing staff is very important. They can provide more specific care recommendations and measures to help patients prevent pressure ulcers more effectively.
By following the above "10 knows", the risk of pressure ulcers can be effectively reduced and the quality of life of patients can be improved.