Cang Lane
◎ Song Tingjun
Nanjing Cangxiang starts from Jianye Road in the north, connects Shengzhou Road in the south, is an important grain transportation channel in the Three Kingdoms Dongwu, at that time, the shops on both sides are lined up, lively and extraordinary, and the prosperous scene extends to the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China.
According to legend, Liu Bowen, the military advisor of Zhu Yuanzhang, threw iron chains in the well to lock Canglong, which was named Cangxiang. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the lamp market began in Cangxiang, from the first day to the eighteenth day of the first month, the lanterns on both sides of the road were full of color, and the piano was used to help the fun, Wu Jingzi described it as "the area of humanities gathering, the gas of the smelting mountain is condensed by Zhong Yu, the hairpin is lined up in the households, and the family is recited in the strings." ”
At the north end of Cangxiang is Cangxiang Bridge, which is also known as Chongdao Bridge because of the Yeshan Daoyuan slightly north. Yuan's "Zhida Jinling Xinzhi" contains: "Chongdao Bridge, in the east of Yongshou Palace, Ma Guangzu rebuilt in the second year of Jingding, next to the book bridge. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Jiangning Mansion was built in Chaotian Palace, and it was renamed Daoji Bridge.
In the seventh year of Guangxu (1881), Zuo Zongtang, the governor of Liangjiang, hired Deng Zhongshan, the leader of Taoist martial arts and the "Three Heroes of Wudang", to come to Jiangning Mansion to teach art. Deng Zhongshan set up the "Liangjiang Junior Martial Arts Lecture School" in Cangxiangqiao, opened the hall to teach hundreds of apprentices, practiced martial arts in the morning and evening, and practiced literature during the day, and the disciples later became well-known martial artists. Deng's apprenticeship will be the ancestors of the oral tradition of hundreds of years of secrets into the "illustrated Gongjia secret treasure treasure book", this is an unprecedented feat in the history of Taoist martial arts, Zuo Zongtang praised: "The martial arts altar is a lone book, the value can be connected to the city, and it will not be handed off, who knows who it is?" His hand-copied solitary book illustrated that Taiyi Zhenren's "The Secret Technique of Protecting the Yuan in the Room", "The Secret Technique of Nourishing the Yuan in the Palace", "The Secret Technique of Filling the Mystery of Pei Yuan in the Dream" and "The Secret Technique of the Eight Miraculous Exercises of the Kidneys" are treasures of the world, especially the latter, Zuo Zongtang failed to exchange it with hundreds of gold bars, and then disappeared from the world, and it has become a masterpiece. In his later years, Deng lived in this school, and Li Degui, a descendant disciple of the Jinling martial arts world, accompanied him carefully all day long.
No. 9 Cangxiang, is Taihesheng Pharmacy. This century-old shop was founded by Wuchang Wang Taihe, Wang Yonghe and two brothers in Daoguang 10 years (1830) on Shangxinhe Street, and later moved to a dozen old houses in Lincang Lane, Youshi Street, with a store in the front hall and a workshop and warehouse behind it. During the Guangxu period, it has been a large medicine with abundant funds and a prominent reputation, and the drugs are highly respected by famous doctors such as Zhang Dongliang and Zhang Jianzhai, and are sold all over the north and south of the river. In the autumn of 1932, due to the fire, it suffered heavy losses, and when it resumed business the following year, it was moved to No. 9 Cangxiang. In 1956, it moved to Shengzhou Road. During the "Cultural Revolution", the name of the store was changed to "Chaoyang". In 1985, the original name was restored, and No. 9 Cangxiang was changed to Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Piece Factory.
The little-known Gong Jianong has been living in the compound at No. 29 Cangxiang since before the movie. In 1924, Gong Jiannong embarked on the road of film in Shanghai, and in 1926, he partnered with popular movie stars such as Lin Chuchu and Zhang Zhiyun to play the leading role in "Yujie Bingqing", which became an instant hit and established the status of a niche in the film industry. He has starred in more than 120 films, and has experienced various historical stages of the film from silent to sound, from black and white to color. In 1945, he took his eldest son to Taiwan, leaving his wife and five other sons in the mainland. In 1989, 87-year-old Gong Jianong, accompanied by his eldest son, returned to his hometown to visit his wife, children and grandchildren, the first generation of Chinese superstars born in Nanjing and popular in Shanghai, who died in Taipei in October 1993.
Gong Naibao's big tree house, a beginner in the late Qing Dynasty, is said to be in the compound of No. 29 Cangxiang, Chen Yifu's "Jinling Garden Villa Chronicles" contains: "The big tree house, in Cangxiang, Jiangning Gong Aitang's training is Baoyuan. There are several low houses, and the trees are shaded and shaded. "Gong's family history and knowledge, looking up like a star and phoenix", is the author of "Yipo Poems" and "Big Tree Collection". During the Guangxu period, he lived in Nan'an Daoyuan Academy in Fujian, "recalling the beauty of Jinling vegetables, not feeling coveted", and then wrote "Yecheng Vegetable Spectrum", describing 24 kinds of vegetables in Jinling such as early leeks and wolfberries, and the hometown radish is unforgettable: "The people of my hometown have bright red skin. At the beginning of winter, it is huge and solid, one weighs seven or eight taels, the quality is powdery and sweet, far better than potatoes. Cellar to spring, crushed mixed with sweet and sour, autumn pear without its crisp also", the book has homesickness, the heart of the body, the ordinary interest, but also the help of poetry, a volume in hand, the fragrance of vegetables and ink at the same time. "Jiangnan genius" Lu Qian is very fond of vegetable recipes, and asked the Chinese painting master Pu Xinshe to match the picture for it, and send two or three kinds of sketches every day, but unfortunately it was not completed, and Pu left.
No. 41 Cangxiang is the residence of Yang Jialuo, a bibliographer, librarian and bibliophile. Yang is the Jinling family, his great-grandfather, grandfather, father are all famous scholars of Botong scripture and history, the family has a collection of more than 30 million books, Zuo Zongtang for the book "History Compilation Pavilion" plaque.
Yang Jialuo is a contemporary erudite Confucian, who compiled the "General Compilation of National History" with his grandfather when he was young, and after the death of his grandfather, he presided over the compilation of "General Compilation of National History". In 1930, Yang Jialuo and his brother founded the Editorial Library of the Great Dictionary of Chinese Books and the Editorial Library of the Chinese Academic Encyclopedia at No. 87 Cangxiang, and served as the director. In order to compile and publish books, he visited more than 70,000 public and private collections in Jiangnan. A year after the establishment of the museum, he compiled the first masterpiece "Siku Dictionary" was completed, and his mother Zhang spent 20,000 silver dollars to save 20,000 silver dollars for the typesetting and printing, and more than 100 celebrities such as Cai Yuanpei, Ma Xulun, and Yu Youren wrote inscriptions to celebrate. In 1933, he compiled the first and so far only book yearbook in mainland China, the Book Yearbook, which was published. Since then, he has compiled a total of ten important works about dictionaries, illustrated books, and synopsis, Cai Yuanpei's inscription commendation, and the handwritten book "Yangfeng Building" as a gift, saying: "The ten great works are made in the hands of Mr. Yang Jialuo, and his perseverance is admirable!" And this kind of work is very tedious, and after the book is completed, it has greatly benefited scholars, and its spirit of sacrificing oneself for the group is especially exemplary for scholars. ”
In 1948, Yang Jialuo went to Taiwan and died in 1991. Yang Jialuo edited and published a total of more than 2,000 books in his lifetime, involving a subset of classics and history, his greatest wish is to compile a "Chinese Dictionary", only two volumes of 40 million words trial prints were published during his lifetime, and the remaining 100 million words are still waiting to be revised, which has become the regret of Mr. Dying. The posthumous manuscripts "Dictionary of China", "Dictionary of Chinese Books", "Year of National History", and "Compilation of Writings of Various Provinces" are the last great wealth he left to the society.
No. 76 Cangxiang is the residence of Zhang Tongzhi, the late Qing Dynasty beginner, educator is good at writing poetry, painting and teaching, teaching in Jinling Women's University and other schools for more than 30 years, peach and plum garden, quite famous, and Nanjing famous literati Li Ruiqing, Wang Dongpei, Hu Xiaoshi, etc., the author of "Jinling Forty-eight Scenes", "Yu Mu Xuan Poetry Collection", "Qin Huai Sense of Death", "Xuan Xu Nostalgic Record", etc., his later works "White Gate Recipe" listed 61 kinds of food in Nanjing, which contains "bright red skin, solid meat and sweet taste" of Banqiao radish, It is a book of "Guangqiyi to take Jinling city and countryside and people's shops and monks' liquor shops" of the recipe, "is the history of Nanjing handed down to introduce the precious food history of Jinling food and delicacies", the recipe is written in a reversal of cooking technology, in the refined text, more than the old, old-fashioned, diners and other taste memories, and Yuan Mei's "Suiyuan Food List", Gong Naibao's "Yecheng Shupu", Wang Dongpei's "Continuation of Yecheng Shupu" is recognized as the record of Nanjing's food culture of four important documents.
At the junction of Cangxiang and Zhu Zhuangyuan Lane, it is the residence of Wang Dongpei, a historian of Licheng. Wang is Gong Naibao's protégé, once served as a professor of Zhixian and Jinling University, National Southeast University, etc., outstanding people such as Tang Guizhang, Wu Baikuo, Shen Zishan, Tong Xuehong, Xiao Xian, Li Weiqing, Bi Jiatuo, etc., are out of his door, teaching leisure devoted to poetry, calligraphy and painting, seal carving, known as "art all-rounder", its words "the realm is like a cold and lonely pine, tall and cold, compared to the Southern Song Dynasty writers, there is not much to give." In his later years, he lived in a humble room, lived in a simple house, devoted himself to calligraphy and painting, and studied calligraphy with Li Ruiqing, Zhang Jinjian, Zhang Tongzhi, Yang Fuming, Ma Shilou, Shang Yanliu, etc. His calligraphy is very prestigious, and Wang Boxin is called the "two kings", and the two huge volumes of "Red Leaf Stone Pavilion Ancient and Modern Celebrity Law Book" are the essence of the daily class in their later years. He is the author of "Autumn Dream Record", "Yicheng Yanzhai Notes", "Licheng Preparation Knowledge", "Rural Drinking Talk", "Continuation of the City Vegetable Spectrum", "North Window Trivia", "Youliang Miscellaneous Knowledge", "Red Leaf Stone Pavilion Poetry Copy" and so on. Jinling's wild history miscellaneous, food flavors, market alleys, ordinary personnel, from the construction to the scenery, in his "Knowledge" ripples of history. "The old virtues are famous, so the old rumors" are eloquently told in his "Talking about Rural Drinking" and "Continuing the Vegetable Recipe of the City", which is full of fun, and the color of homesickness is revealed between the lines. When his "Continuation of Yecheng Vegetable Recipe" introduces the origin, eating method and nutritional value of each vegetable name in Jinling, from "Shuowen" and "Moon Order" to the notes of the wild history of the past dynasties, it is convincing to quote from the side, and it is based on the "Yecheng Vegetable Recipe" to pick up the omissions and add more than 20 kinds of vegetables, which can be called the sister article of "Yecheng Vegetable Recipe".
No. 111 Cangxiang is the famous Han Fuxing duck shop in Jinling, it was founded by Han Liandeng, a native of Henan Province in the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), the name of the store means that future generations will regain prosperity and prosperity, and the plate duck made "has white and fine skin, fat and tender meat, and more oil and freshness". In the second year of Xuantong (1910), at the first large-scale Nanjing "Nanyang Industry Meeting" held by the Qing government in the modern history of the mainland, Han Fuxing Banya won the gold medal and became famous at home and abroad. During the period of the Republic of China, the famous Zhang Hatshui, Zhang Youluan, and Zhang Huijian in the press wrote inscriptions respectively: "The only one in the capital", "The best products of the Six Dynasties" and "Baixia flavor". In 1992, Han Fuxing was selected as a time-honored brand in China, and the TV feature film "Jinling Yakui" was filmed by CCTV.
No. 115 Cangxiang is the residence of Huang Siyong, the last champion of Nanjing in the late Qing Dynasty. Huang Siyong Bo through the history, especially good at calligraphy, Guangxu six years (1880), he high school champion, and the first return, look at the Cangxiang Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Heavenly King Palace ruins, Guangxu Enzhun for the "champion of the house", and the imperial plaque "Jinshidi". After being built by Huang Siyong, the house is 14 deep, 1 courtyard, 50 houses, each of which has a patio and hall, and a large and small garden, with a total area of more than 10,000 square meters.
Huang Siyong is the second wave of modern reformers after Li Hongzhang and Zeng Guofan, and he has done several major events in history in his life, he issued "Zhaoxin stocks" to help the Qing court make up for the financial vacancy, becoming the first person to issue stocks in China; Establishment of Beijing Arts and Crafts Bureau; Founded China's first national capital cigarette enterprise Beiyang Tobacco Factory in Tianjin, designed China's first cigarette label by himself, and was known as the first person to tobacco; The three things of "port, railway, and mining" were adopted by the Qing court and set a precedent for the construction of China's railways; Founded the first national university in modern China, Jingshi University Hall (the predecessor of Peking University), Huang Siyong was also the first person to collect and sort out the oracle bone inscriptions of Yin Shang. Although Huang has many talents, but he was born at the wrong time, his friend, the peerless master of Chinese culture, Xia Renhu, said that he "is the misfortune of Mr., and the misfortune of my hometown." His son Huang Zhonghui is proficient in English, has served in the embassy in Japan and the embassy in New York, the United States, the minister plenipotentiary of the Qincha Gengzi Treaty, the author of the poetry collection "Qin Gui Room Poems" and "Qin Gui Room Seven Uniques", and Li Dazhao has close contacts, and encouraged and supported his revolutionary actions, shocked to hear that Li Dazhao was killed, and wrote a joint to save Li Dazhao while grieving and indignant: "There should be no regrets in seeking benevolence and benevolence, and I will return with violence."
Adjacent to the west side of Cangxiang, there are Ming Wanli 23 years (1595) champion Zhu Zhifan Mansion, Zhu and the second, into the Hanlin Academy, the official Ministry of Rites Lang, was ordered to envoy to Korea. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Huang Yisheng, the admiral of the seven provinces of the Yangtze River, used it as his residence, and Huang Yifan, the granddaughter of Huang and the biological mother of Zhang Ailing, the first generation of "runaway Nala" in China, was born here.
What is surprising about Cangxiang is that in the history of China's imperial examination in the past 1,300 years, there are only a few hundred champions and the first champion, and less than 100 champions from Jiangsu, but it has given birth to two champions, and the cultural value is unparalleled.
In the eighties and nineties of the last century, Cangxiang became a street of used books, 100 used bookstores gathered, the small store and the wooden shelves at the door or on the curb, are densely lined with old books, from morning to night, the flow of people is like weaving, magnificent, in the heyday, here is the most famous used book market in Nanjing and even the country. If you think about it, Cangxiang itself is the last old book in Nanjing.
Nowadays, many mansions have risen on both sides of Cangxiang, but its history and legend are still there, and they should not be forgotten.