It is a steaming utensil in the pre-Qin period, and its function is similar to that of today's steamer; It is a vessel used to mix wine in the Bronze Age, shaped like a pot, often with a round mouth and a deep belly, with three or four legs underneath.
In 1983, a tomb in Guangshan County, Xinyang City, Henan Province, in the early Spring and Autumn Period, unearthed a bronze vessel with a unique shape, which has the shape of both the shape of the Ninggong and the Xuan, named "Mrs. Huang's Ningxing".
Mrs. Huang's resonance-shaped cup, water vessel, Spring and Autumn cultural relics, height 18.5 cm, diameter 11.2 cm, abdominal diameter 15 cm. In 1983, it was excavated and unearthed in the early Spring and Autumn period of Guangshan County, Xinyang City, Henan Province, and the tomb of Huang Junmeng and his wife is now in the Henan Museum.
This bronze has a round plain flat lid at the top, a pointed lip and a mouth, round shoulders and a downward tuck, a bulging belly, a lower crotch type, and three legs with shorter legs. There is a round wooden grate inside the vessel, which has no holes. On one side of the abdomen, there is an upward curly-tailed stalk, that is, "curved fang", which is perpendicular to the top and bottom of one foot, and the abdomen at the upper end of the two feet has a beast head flow hole, which is at a right angle of 90 ° with the flow mouth, which is obvious. There is a small hole in the center of the bottom with traces of casting. Cast with inscriptions, the walls are thin, and there is no ornamentation.
There are six lines of inscription under the top mouth with a total of 16 characters: "Huang Zi is a pedestrian device of Huang Fu (husband), and then Yongbao is after the winter puff." "霝冬" is a customary term in Jin Wen, that is, "order the end", and "order" means to explain goodness, that is, good beginning and good ending. "After the end of the order" means to enjoy the name of happiness and end up, and have a good heir. It is likely that this four-character phrase was specially used for women, and it is likely that Mrs. Huang was in her forties when she died and had no children, so she inscribed words on the funeral goods to commemorate the deceased.
Mrs. Huang's reincarnation was unearthed in the tomb of Huang Junmeng and his wife, and more than 200 precious cultural relics such as bronze, jade, bamboo, wood lacquerware, and silk fabric fragments were cleaned up from this tomb. Among them, many bronzes are cast with inscriptions such as "Huang Jun Meng" or "Huang Zi as Huang Lady Meng Ji", so experts deduce that the tomb owner is Huang Guojun Meng and his wife.
Huangguo is one of the vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty, located in the upper reaches of the Huai River in the southeast of Henan Province, Huangchuan, Guangshan, Luoshan area, Huangchuan County still has the ruins of the ancient city of Huangguo.
In the era of the rise of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Qi emerged in the north of the Yellow State, and the state of Chu rose rapidly in the south of the Yellow State. Sandwiched between these two powers, the Yellow State is not only a buffer zone between Qi and Chu, but also a melting pot for the convergence and integration of Central Plains culture, Dongyi culture and Jianghuai culture. In this magical land, the craftsmen of the Yellow Kingdom have reached remarkable heights in the manufacture of utensils, weaving, carving and painting.
However, the torrent of the times rolled forward, and the Huang State finally failed to resist the powerful offensive of the Chu State, and finally disappeared into the historical dust of the annexation of the princes, leaving only exquisite artifacts with inscriptions, revealing the prosperous old dream of this ancient state.
Expert interpretation
According to Zhao Le, a museum curator of the Henan Museum, Mrs. Huang's ring-shaped coffin was unearthed in the tomb of Huang Junmeng and his wife in the early Spring and Autumn Period in Guangshan County, Xinyang City, Henan Province.
"The Legend of the Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period" records: "The twelfth year of the Duke of Xu...... In winter, the Chu people extinguished the yellow. That is, the Chu people eliminated the Huang State in the twelfth year of the Duke of Xuan (648 BC). Therefore, the lower limit of the age of the joint tomb of Huang Junmeng and his wife should be 648 BC. The excavated bronze, jade, lacquered wood and silk fabrics are standard ware groups in the early and late Spring and Autumn period.
The shape of Mrs. Huang in this article is a ring-shaped, and there are crank (鋬) characteristics, and cast with exquisite inscriptions, the overall proportion of the vessel is small and exquisite, and it is relatively rare in the unearthed cups in the same period. It is not only a very rare bronze vessel of the Huang Kingdom in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also an important material evidence for the study of the shape and function of the bronze bowl in the early Spring and Autumn Period.
After the destruction of the Huang State, a large number of people surnamed Huang were forced to move to the hinterland of the Chu State and settled in Huanggang, Huangshi and other places in present-day Hubei, and another group moved to the area of Jiangling and Jingzhou in present-day Hubei. At present, the crank cups are concentrated in the junction of Henan, Anhui and Hubei provinces, which further confirms that the main activity range of the Huang people at that time was in this area.
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