Author: Zhang Gulin
In 1955 at Tiananmen Tower, from left: Song Renqiang, Deng Yingchao, Chen Geng, Xiao Jinguang.
Song Renqiang and Zhong Yuelin
Source Cong Nine Songs and Seven Star Peaks, Bright Journey, Big Brother Wind
-- The 115th anniversary of the founding general Song Ren Qianyunqin in China's two bombs and one star business
Author: Zhang Gulin
June 20, 2024
Foreword
This year marks the 60 th anniversary of the successful detonation of the mainland's first atomic bomb and the 115th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Song Renqiang. On this day worthy of remembrance and remembrance, as a descendant of veteran astronauts, we should study and recall that Comrade Song Renqiang served as director of the Third and Second Aircraft Departments of the Nuclear Industry for five years and the Seventh Aircraft Department of the Missile and Satellite Industry for 14 months in China's "two bombs and one satellite" cause.
When he served in the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, it was the entrepreneurial period of the mainland's nuclear industry, and everything was really poor and white, and everything started from scratch.
When he was serving in the Ministry of Missile and Satellite Industry, it was the most difficult and cross-turning period when the Seventh Aircraft Department put things in order and started the "three grasping tasks," and everything started from the "heart."
Comrade Song Renqiang is not only the only veteran Jinggang, veteran Red Army, and founding general who has served as minister of China's "two bombs and one satellite" high-tech industry minister, but also a senior party leading cadre who left his post and was transferred to work in the central leading organs before the successful explosion of the first atomic bomb and the complete success of the "three tasks" of intercontinental missiles, submarine-to-surface missiles, and communications satellites. Therefore, the biggest doubt and regret he left behind people is that he did not reap the joy of success of the "two bombs and one satellite" that he worked hard to make the Chinese stand up and become strong during his term of office. In particular, the successful detonation of the first atomic bomb in the 60s effectively broke the nuclear monopoly and nuclear blackmail of the superpowers and enhanced the international status of the mainland. The complete success of the "three grasping tasks" in the 80 s gave a powerful impetus to the mainland's reform and opening up, the development of the national economy, and the development of science and technology, and at the same time, it promoted the development of the mainland's cutting-edge military technology by leaps and bounds, and laid a solid foundation for the new development of China's national defense and aerospace undertakings today.
This paper will be rigorously based on historical facts, real people, real people, words and deeds, and the feelings of the masses, and take history as a mirror, starting from the process of Comrade Song Renqiang's self-recommendation as Minister of Nuclear Industry, to the successful completion of the "three grasping tasks", and then to the chronological order and practical achievements of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party. and its extraordinary leadership, influence, innovation, and empowerment and other historic preeminent positions.
Table of Contents
The novella, rammed earth fireworks survive to the great wall of national strength and science
Hikiko:
People here love to eat spicy food, and the great man said that if you don't eat spicy food, you won't be revolutionary. Tech farmers here not only innovate pepper varieties, but also build a pepper museum. The people here are good at making fireworks and inventing and innovating for 1,400 years. The chip fireworks here fly all over the world and sprinkle the most beautiful love, and the fireworks museum has also been built. The tulou where the Hakka people lived, the ancient city that protects the survival of the people. "Qin Se is in the palace, don't be quiet." "I am willing to match virtue and join hands". The ancestors of Liuyang people have respected the three ancestors, Cai Lun, Sun Simiao and Li Jin. The "spicy people" of Qixingfeng are dazzling and apply the four major inventions, and the sky blooms in a variety of dazzling colors.
Liuyang's chili peppers, firecracker workshops, ancient city sites, and Li Jin's grandfather.
The sky is rolling high and the cold snap is rapid, and the earth is slightly warm. To control the two major departments of nuclear bomb and aerospace, the foundation laying and steering skills are simple and subtle. Born in Sri Lanka, grew up in Sri Lanka, and was the founding general of the country who made fireworks from snacks and spicy seeds...... In order to realize the childlike scientific dream of flying over the millennium and the century, let the atomic bomb, rockets, satellites, and too many "big explosions" dazzle and shine. The beautiful Liuyang tide of mountains and rivers, Chang'e Jade Rabbit leads the dance of "Ten Thousand Households" crater. "Yunqin", "Shaowu", "Ren Poor", Xintiandi sounded thunderbolt rockets and congratulated Shenwei. "Two bombs and one star" won the vastness, and the golden scales danced to "seal the gods" Jackie Chan. ("Fengshen", Zhang Aiping praised) Fuqin Miao Yin protects the country and the people, and the melody of the times plays songs and blows the horn company. The spirit of spicy and firecracker innovation have cast the Great Wall of Red Science and Technology of the Chinese nation. "Thunder and lightning (burning), get the white lin", Tianzi but the dark incense lamp is in the place.
Liuyang fireworks and China's "two bombs and one satellite".
1. Laying a Solid Foundation for Self-Reliance The history of the nuclear industry is shining, like fireworks and wars in the sky...... He came from the connections created by labor: charging into battle in the smoke of artillery fire, never leaving the basic scientific and technological principles of fireworks and artillery.
Liuyang fireworks, southern Hebei anti-Japanese war.
He came from the Jinggangshan Rural Revolutionary Base Area, which was full of Yingshan Red:
Song Renqiang was sent to the 32nd Regiment of the Red Fourth Army Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuobu to train and develop party members, carry out political education, set up political and cultural classes as "gentlemen", organize soldiers' committees, practice equality between officers and soldiers, military democracy and economic democracy, prohibit beating and scolding soldiers, and so on. Since then, he has been young and sincere, and he has another name to accompany him for life, and he is seriously called "Brother Song" by his comrades-in-arms and brothers. At the beginning of 1929, after the enemy was strong and I was weak, he insisted on the struggle in Jinggangshan, and after the team was broken up, he endured the pain of losing many comrades-in-arms and relatives, and he used the cover of rocking the oar, begging, playing snakes, and making fireworks, etc., and ran around, and traveled to Jiangxi and Hunan for more than a year, looking for the Communist Party and the Red Army, which was famous throughout the whole army, leaving a legendary experience full of flexibility, wit, courage and wisdom. He successively participated in five anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations in the Central Soviet Region at the 104th Regiment of the 35th Division of the 12th Red Army (with Su Yu as the commander), the political commissar of the 105th Regiment, the political commissar of the 13O Regiment of the 44th Division of the 15th Army of the Red Fifth Army, the political commissar and director of the Political Department of the 13th Division of the Red Fifth Army, and the political appointment of the 13th Division, and participated in the battles to conquer Longyan and Zhangzhou.
Jinggangshan Rural Revolutionary Base Area
He came from the Red Army cadres who were surrounded and intercepted by thorns and bumps:
On the eve of the departure of the Long March, the Central Military Commission specially appointed Chen Geng, a cadet of the first phase of Huangpu and a famous general, as the head of the cadre regiment, and Song Renqiang as the political commissar.
At the same time, the famous Red Army University, the First Infantry School (also known as the Pengyang Infantry School), the Second Infantry School (also known as the Gongluo Infantry School), and the Special Science School were combined into a new comprehensive Red Army School, which was subordinate to the First Column of Ye Jianying of the Military Commission, also known as the Cadre Corps. It has a cadre corps, three infantry battalions and a special science battalion, each equipped with a number of military, political and cultural instructors, with a total of more than 1,480 people.
The CMC cadre regiment is not an ordinary regimental-level unit, and its main responsibility is to provide "rapid training" for cadres of front-line troops. It can not only train cadets in military politics and special professional skills, but also send commanders to front-line troops at any time, which can be called a "mobile military academy." It is precisely because of the particularity of the cadre regiment that during the Long March, it was not only a "melting pot" for training cadres, but also assumed the dual role of the "Imperial Forest Army", the core central guard force of the Red Army, and the "fire captain" on the Long March.
Because the cadres and regiments are responsible for guarding the organs of the Party Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, safeguarding the safety of the central leading comrades, and taking part in battles when necessary, their personnel are all cadres at and above the platoon level who have combat experience, and their equipment is superior to that of ordinary troops, and it is the only "steel helmet unit" in the Red Army. The members of this unit are usually armed with a long gun and a short gun, and they have fierce firepower, which can be said to be the most elite unit of the Red Army, and it is also the "killer weapon" of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission to defeat the enemy with one blow.
After the cadre regiment was reorganized after serving as a guard at the Zunyi Conference, the central authorities sent some veteran comrades to the cadre regiment, including Dong Biwu and Xu Teli, as well as Lu Dingyi, Cheng Fangwu, Peng Xuefeng, and Li Yiyu, who were responsible for protecting and taking care of them. For this reason, Mao Zedong specially told Chen Geng and Song Renqiang: You must protect Dong Lao and Xu Lao, and if there is a problem, you are the only one who asks.
After the cadres and regiments set out from Jiangxi and Fujian with the main force of the Central Red Army, they successively broke through the enemy's four blockade lines through Guangdong, Hunan, and Guangxi, and especially fought to the death with the Kuomintang troops on the Xiangjiang blockade line, smashing Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to encircle and annihilate the Red Army east of the Xiangjiang River, but they also paid an extremely heavy price.
Under the direct command of the new leadership of the Party Central Committee at the Zunyi Conference, the cadres and regiments played an important role in the extremely fierce and arduous hand-to-hand combat in which Tucheng was fought before the first crossing of Chishui and then in Zunyi after the second crossing of Chishui.
Wei Jie and Qin Yingji.
On February 24 and 25, 1935, the cadre regiment marched 120 miles a day to Loushan Pass, and sent superior cadres to take over the reconnaissance company led by Wei Jie and Qin Yingji of the 13th Regiment of the Red Third Army Corps to block the position of Loushan Pass. Zhang Zongxun, the commander of the 10th Regiment of the Red Third Army Corps, was wounded, and the chief of staff Zhong Weijian died, leaving only political commissar Huang Kecheng to command the battle. Chen Geng and Song Renqiang led the cadres and regiments into the Lao Ya Mountain position at dusk, and cooperated with the 10th Regiment to recapture the vital commanding heights of Lao Ya Mountain; By the 28th, the Red Army had annihilated the enemy inside and outside Zunyi City, reoccupied Zunyi City, captured more than 3,000 enemy men, annihilated and routed two enemy divisions and eight regiments, and the Central Red Army achieved the greatest victory since the Long March.
The cadres have participated in the battles, Chen Geng, Xiao Jinguang, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Zongxun, Zhong Weijian, etc. Over the snowy mountains and meadows.
Lao Ya Mountain, the left part of the mountain is Honghuagang, the right is Lao Ya Mountain, the Xiangjiang River separates Zunyi New Town and the old city left and right, Zunyi Red Army Mountain Martyrs Cemetery. On the 28th of this period, the "Annals of Mao Zedong" (1893-1949, Volume I) recorded: "Mao Zedong" (1935) On February 28, he crossed the Loushan Pass with the column of the Military Commission and arrived at the bridge. Subsequently, feeling the victory in the battle of Loushan Pass, he wrote the words of "Remembering Qin'e · Loushan Pass". Among them, there is a very famous poem "Xiongguan Mandao is really like iron, and now it is stepping forward from the beginning". On April 29, 1935, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued an instruction to quickly cross the Jinsha River, and Song Renqiang and Chen Geng were very excited to learn from Mao Zedong's words that the Party Central Committee had the strategic intention of forcibly crossing the Jinsha River to the north to resist Japan. Liu Bocheng, chief of staff of the Central Military Commission, commanded the cadres and regiments to seize Kyaukpingdu, an important ferry crossing on the Jinsha River. Zhou Enlai and Liu Bocheng came to the cadre regiment for specific combat deployment. Under the command of Liu Bocheng, Song Renqiang led the camp to march 160 miles on the same day and eliminated the enemy stationed there. Chen Geng led the cadres and regiments to take the important Tong'an Prefecture after fierce battles. The cadres and regiments occupied Kyaukpingdu and Tong'an Prefecture to ensure the smooth crossing of the Jinsha River by tens of thousands of troops of the Central Red Army, and were commended by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. At this point, the Central Red Army got rid of the encirclement and interception of hundreds of thousands of enemy troops and won a decisive victory in the Long March. Liu Bocheng happily said to Song Renqiang: After crossing a river, fighting a victorious battle, and destroying the enemy, what did you rely on? It mainly depends on politics, on the high degree of political consciousness of comrades, on our party, on Mao Zedong's correct line, and on the masses. Without that, it simply can't be done.
Zhou Enlai, Liu Bocheng and Xiao Yedan, Kyaukpingdu in Tong'an Town, and boats used to cross the Jinsha River.
Song Ren's poor cadres walked through the uninhabited grassland and the rare birds and beasts, and walked for seven days and seven nights. "Everyone wears old sheepskins and eats only three taels of grain a day. One or two slices of roast lamb jerky, mainly by eating green seedlings. Being able to eat barley is the best meal. One day, Comrade Dong Biwu came, and we grabbed a little fried barley with our fingers and gave it to him, which was the best hospitality." Song Renqiang recalled: "There was a squad leader in the artillery company who was sick and carried him on a stretcher. I followed him and lifted him for a while, and he said, 'Don't lift me anymore anyway, I'm no longer able to do it, you have to keep your strength more, and victory depends on you!' He brought us all the grain, beef jerky, and blankets he had brought with him, and told us to keep going. He said to us in a weak voice, 'Go away, leave me alone, this little thing might save someone's life.' Shortly after saying this, his heart stopped beating. This kind of magnificent scene makes people feel sad and awe-inspiring! Decades have passed, and it is still vivid and unforgettable. "From September 18 to October 19, 1935, the Party Central Committee decided to reorganize the Red First Army, the Red Third Army and the Military Commission Column into the Shaanxi and Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Peng Dehuai as commander and Mao Zedong as political commissar. Chen Qihan and Song Renqiang led the three columns of the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment to follow the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment from Hadapu and arrived at Wuqi Town on October 19, completing the Long March. It was when the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army crossed Liupan Mountain, the last high mountain of the Red Army's Long March, that it crossed the Red Army trail about 2.5 kilometers long on Liupan Mountain in Guyuan, Ningxia, which is now known as a condensed 25,000-mile Long March road from Ruijin in Jiangxi Province to northern Shaanxi. This Red Army trail passed through Lazikou, the last treacherous pass of the Long March.
On the afternoon of September 17, 1935, the 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the 1st Red Army launched a fierce attack on Lazikou. This extremely tragic battle was captured by countless Red Army commanders and fighters with their flesh and blood, and the capture of Lazikou has long been recorded in the history of the Long March as a classic example. Hu Bingyun, instructor of the 6th Company of the 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the 1st Red Army and captain of the commando team, was one of the countless survivors of this battle and was awarded the title of Battle Hero.
Tianwei Lazikou, Dong Biwu, Peng Dehuai, Chen Qihan, Hu Bingyun, Wuqi Town Central Red Army Long March Victory Memorial Park.
On October 7, Mao Zedong stood on the peak of Liupan Mountain and casually chanted "Qingping Le·Liupan Mountain". The poem was originally called "The Ballad of the Long March", but it was later revised eight times. One of the poems that resounded all over the world was: "If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a hero".
Mao Zedong "Qingping Le· Liupan Mountain"
Mao Zedong's poem "If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a good man" not only expresses the voice and spirit of all Red Army officers and soldiers, but also fully expresses the historical culture and spiritual culture of Chinese mankind and the Chinese nation for 5,000 years for millions of years, and has become the soul of the national anthem of the People's Republic of China. Song Renqiang and his comrades-in-arms, brothers, and sisters-in-arms, it was under the guidance of such a red ideological banner that they completed the magnificent road of the Long March.
Song Renqiang and his comrades-in-arms, brothers, and sisters-in-arms, it was under the guidance of such a red ideological banner that they completed the magnificent road of the Long March.
Song Renqiang and Zhong Yuelin
On December 12, 1935, in Wayaobao, Song Renqiao married Zhong Yuelin, a revolutionary comrade-in-arms who participated in the Long March with the Central Red Army, the daughter of a poor peasant from Yudu, Jiangxi, and the youngest female Red Army on the Long March Road of the Central Red Army.
Since then, the two have been with each other, sharing joys and sorrows, and have gone through 70 years of life hand in hand.
Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border District Nanliang Revolutionary Memorial Hall.
He came from the 28th Red Army of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningbo, which were burning like flames:
At the end of 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to form the Red 28th Army from the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, and the Central Committee appointed Liu Zhidan, one of the main founders of the Shaanxi-Gansu Base Area, as the commander of the Red 28th Army, and Song Renqiang as the political commissar. Zhou Enlai personally said to Song Renqiang and other comrades of the Red Army: Liu Zhidan has a strong party spirit, takes into account the overall situation, and pays great attention to maintaining the unity of the party and the army; He had great respect for the cadres sent by the central government, and often taught the Red Army in northern Shaanxi to respect foreign cadres; At the meeting, he said on many occasions that the cadres sent by the central authorities had been tempered after the 25,000-mile Long March, and that the local Red Army should respect them and learn from them. Zhou Enlai specifically instructed Song Renqiang and other comrades to respect Comrade Liu Zhidan, respect the local Red Army, learn from each other, and strengthen unity. Song Renqiang kept Zhou Enlai's words in mind, and after serving as the political commissar of the Red 28th Army, he and Commander Liu Zhidan respected each other, got along well, worked together, fought together, and formed a deep friendship. The two partners also formed the Northern Route Army together, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy and winning many battles. After February 1936, Liu and Song were ordered to lead the Red 28th Army from Wubao to the north to Shenmu and Fugu to consolidate the anti-Japanese rear and respond to the eastward expedition of the main Red Army. Under their command, after more than a month of fighting, the 28th Army of the Red Army successively conquered more than 10 important cities and towns such as Qingjian and smoothly entered the Shenfu (Valley) Soviet District, opened up the connection between the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Region and the Shenfu Soviet District, and laid the foundation for the Red Army's main force to go eastward. The party's organ newspaper, "Red China," repeatedly reported the news of the victorious advance of the 28th Red Army. On 23 March, a report was published entitled "The Northern Shaanxi Soviet Region and the Shenfu Soviet Region Have Made Contact, and the Red 28th Army and the Shenfu Red Army Have Converged."
Liu Zhidan
Political Commissar Song Renqiang once recalled that Commander Liu Zhidan said: "The 20-day battle mentioned here refers to the battle of Yangjiayan. This battle was fought beautifully, and it fully demonstrated Comrade Zhidan's military talent and command art. "In late March 1936, the Chinese Military Commission ordered the Red 28th Army to cross the Yellow River eastward. On the evening of 31 March, the Red 28th Army crossed the Yellow River in a small village at the foot of Tiantai Mountain near Shamaotou, entered Shanxi, captured the Luoyukou occupied by one battalion of the Yanxi Mountain Department, and then attacked the Heiyukou to the north, destroying the defense line along the river of more than 30 kilometers on the east bank of the Yellow River by Yan Xishan's troops. The troops "moved from north to south, ready to join the XV Corps." When entering Baiwen Town, Linxian County, he received an urgent telegram from the Central Military Commission: In order to cooperate with the main force of the Red Army to advance into Fenyang and threaten Taiyuan, open up the connection between the front and northern Shaanxi, and ensure that the Red Army was backed by the old Soviet area, our 28th Army was ordered to attack the area along the Yellow River south of Lishi, and capture Sanjiao Town in Zhongyang County to contain and mobilize the enemy. We immediately led our troops from Baiwen Town, and successively defeated the small groups of enemies from Linxian, Fangshan, Lishi, Liulin, and Zhongyang to the south, and arrived at Liuyu Town near Sanjiao Town on 13 April. "Comrade Zhidan said to everyone: The farther south you go, the closer you are to the Central Headquarters, and we must fight the battle of Sanjiao Town and open up the connection between the Shanxi front line and the Shaanxi-Gansu region." In order to successfully fight this battle, Comrade Zhidan personally surveyed the terrain and carefully studied the enemy's situation and combat plan. On the day we received the telegram from the central authorities, we immediately convened a meeting of cadres at and above the regimental level to convey the message. He also made the following arrangements for the fight against Sanjiao Town...... "At dawn on April 14, the siege of Sanjiao Town began. The headquarters of our army is located on the Dangjia Mountain on the top of the South Mountain, not far from the position of our first regiment. A regiment quickly attacked the hill from the southeast, and proceeded smoothly, taking many enemy pillboxes one after another. Seeing that the situation was not good, the defenders of Nanshan all withdrew to Beishan to hold on. Comrade Zhidan then ordered the 1st Regiment to move to Beishan and flank the enemy in Beishan with the 2nd Regiment. By noon, the attack was not going well. Only then did we discover that the original intelligence was inaccurate, thinking that the enemy had only one battalion, but in fact it was a regimental headquarters, two battalions, and an artillery company. Comrade Zhidan discussed with me and asked me to stay at the army headquarters to grasp the overall situation, and he personally went to the first regiment to have a look. I asked Comrade Pei Zhouyu, the special commissioner in charge of security work, and his staff officers to go with Comrade Zhidan. "Comrade Zhidan went to the forward position to command the troops to fight, and while observing the enemy's situation, unfortunately he was shot in the left chest and was seriously wounded. Comrade Zhidan said intermittently to Comrade Pei Zhouyu that he told the political commissar to ask him to lead his troops to destroy the enemy and resolutely capture Sanjiao Town! Pei Zhouyu and several other comrades carried Comrade Liu Zhidan to the position where the army headquarters was located, and I knelt down to feel his heart and pulse and inspect the wounds. At this time, Comrade Zhidan was in a coma due to aortic hemorrhage and could not speak, and he died suddenly after a short time. Comrade Liu Zhidan, an outstanding member of the Communist Party of China, one of the founders of the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, and leader of the people in northern Shaanxi, died heroically for the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people at the age of 33. Comrade Pei Zhouyu told me how Comrade Zhidan was shot. We were so grieved that we stood beside the bodies of our close comrades-in-arms and took off our military caps to mourn. "I said to the comrades present that Commander Liu sacrificed his life for the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people and shed his last drop of blood, and we must turn our grief into strength, carry on his legacy, complete his unfinished revolutionary cause, destroy the enemy more, and avenge Commander Liu. We carried Comrade Zhidan's body on a stretcher, lightly covered him with a military coat, and sent him down the hill step by step. I immediately telegraphed the news of Comrade Zhidan's sacrifice to the Central Committee. And hurriedly planned the boat, made a coffin to bury Comrade Zhidan's body, and dozens of people present held the coffin in tears and said goodbye to Comrade Zhidan. Then, he sent people to escort Comrade Zhidan's coffin across the Yellow River to Wayaobao, the seat of the Party Central Committee. At the same time, the wounded, sick and surplus weapons were also transported across the river to facilitate the troops to fight lightly. "Comrade Zhidan has left us, and the 28th Army is still holding its position and continuing to fight as it did when Comrade Zhidan was alive."
The Red Twenty-eighth Army fought, Commander Liu Zhidan died, Pei Zhouyu.
"When the troops arrived in Kangcheng Town, I went to the headquarters to report to Chairman Mao the process of Comrade Zhidan's sacrifice and the battle situation after the 28th Army crossed the river. Chairman Mao also asked me to make a report to Comrade Peng Dehuai. After many battles, the 28th Army suffered continuous casualties, and after the battle of Sanjiao Town, there were only more than 700 people left in the whole army. Although the troops were reduced by nearly half, and Sanjiao Town was still not defeated, Comrade Zhidan died heroically, and the commanders and fighters were very sad, but the morale of the troops was still very strong. Comrade Zhidan had a very high prestige among the commanders and fighters, but he never established his personal prestige, but always taught the troops to put the party's cause first and obey the party's command. Comrade Zhidan was a decent and upright person, and he also had a deep influence on the troops. Comrade Zhidan brought out such a good army. Therefore, after the sacrifice of Comrade Zhidan, we commanded the troops without encountering any difficulties. The comrades of the 28th Red Army, just like obeying the command of Comrade Zhidan, obeyed our command.
"I sincerely admire Comrade Zhidan and have deep feelings for the vast number of commanders and fighters of the 28th Red Army.
"I sincerely admire Comrade Zhidan and have deep feelings for the vast number of commanders and fighters of the 28th Red Army.
"Because of Comrade Liu Zhidan's sacrifice and the considerable attrition of the troops, the General Political Department sent people to the 28 th Army to inspect the 28 th Army, and believed that the mood of the troops was stable, their morale was strong, and their quality was really good, so they decided to retain the structure of the 28 th Army, replenish some of the troops, and appoint me as the army commander and Comrade Cai Shufan as the political commissar."
On April 24, 1936, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a memorial meeting in Wayaobao to mourn General Liu Zhidan.
Mao Zedong's inscription: "Leader of the masses, national hero". Zhou Enlai wrote an inscription for Liu Zhidan: "Up and down for 5,000 years, thousands of heroes, the people's hero, Liu Zhidan" ......
Mao Zedong's inscription: "Leader of the masses, national hero". Zhou Enlai wrote an inscription for Liu Zhidan: "Up and down for 5,000 years, thousands of heroes, the people's heroes, Liu Zhidan." Xi Zhongxun is the inscription of "Liu Zhidan Revolutionary Deeds Exhibition Hall".
Song Renqiang and Liu Zhidan's "team" in just a few months made Song Renqiang still fight for unity with Liu Zhidan until his later years, and Liu Zhidan's prestige among the masses sighed. In the early 80s, Song Renqiao also went to Xi'an to visit Liu Zhidan's wife and children.
Liu Zhidan and Song Renqiao
It was during the interval of Mao Zedong's strategic command to cross the Yellow River eastward, at the foot of the Great Wall in Qingjian County, northern Shaanxi, Yuan Jiagou happily picked up his pen and wrote the bold words "Spring · Snow in Qinyuan": The scenery of the northern country, thousands of miles of ice, and thousands of miles of snow drifting. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, only reckless; Up and down the river, suddenly lost and surging. Mountain dance silver snake, the original Chi wax elephant, want to be higher than the heavenly public test. It must be a sunny day, and look at the red dress, which is extraordinarily enchanting. There are so many delicate rivers and mountains, leading countless heroes to bend their waists. …… The past, the number of romantic figures, but also look at the present. Isn't Mao Zedong's magnificent, emotional, and heroic-minded speech a great achievement of Mao Zedong, Liu Zhidan, Song Renqiang and other comrades-in-arms to the Chinese revolution?
Mao Zedong's bold words "Qinyuan Spring · Snow"
He came from the base areas of southern Hebei and Hebei, Shandong, and Henan in the Great Plain of North China, which was formed by the alluvial accumulation of the Yellow River:
During the eight-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Song Renqiang, as the main leader of the Hebei Southern Hebei Region, the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Sub-Bureau, and the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region, led the military and people in southern Hebei and Hebei, Shandong, and Henan with outstanding organizational skills, military talents, and superb leadership skills, and made outstanding contributions to the overall victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Yangzhuang Village, Dawangzhai, Shen County, Shandong Province, is a typical anti-Japanese model village, and Song Renqiang spent the most difficult and difficult period in Yangzhuang Village, leading the military and civilians in southern Hebei to create a "mountain of people" and carry out arduous guerrilla warfare on the plains. The village still recites a children's song of the children's regiment back then: "Commander Song's soldiers are really difficult, broken socks, broken shoes, and broken military uniforms; Black nest nest head millet soup, old radish pickles chili sauce. Earthen guns and artillery go to the battlefield, win one battle after another, and destroy the Japan devils sooner or later. This children's song highly praises the arduous and simple style of Song Renqiao and the soldiers of the Eighth Route Army in the language of the common people, as well as the heroic spirit of being brave and good at fighting. In September 1944, Song Renqiang led the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Branch and the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region Headquarters to be stationed in Dangui Village, Qingfeng County, and did not reluctantly leave until August 20, 1945, when the Anti-Japanese War was victorious and the major counteroffensive was carried out. Song Renqiang often said: "We are the people's soldiers, and the army and the people are a family, so we must do a good job in the relationship between the army and the people." He often explained the "three major disciplines and eight points of attention" to the cadres and fighters, and often went to the peasant households to visit the poor and ask questions about their suffering, so as to help the masses solve their worries and difficulties. During the Spring Festival of 1945, he personally arranged for Deputy Commander Yang Yong to lead the personnel of the military region to carry out activities to express condolences to the families of military martyrs and extremely poor households in Dangui Village. They fetched water, swept the yards, put up couplets, and delivered rice, flour, and meat to the families. There is a martyr named Chen Qingzhu in Dangui Village, whose son died on the front line and is an extremely poor family. However, he did not want to cause trouble to the troops, and he never mentioned his own difficulties and did not take care of them. When Comrade Yang Yong heard about it, he personally carried the condolences to him and sent him home, and comforted him with kind words. When Song Renqiang learned of the situation, he attached great importance to it and immediately called Yang Yong and some cadres to come to the meeting. Song Renqiang said emotionally: "The people here are too good, their relatives have sacrificed for the country, and they are reluctant to open their mouths when they are in difficulty, for fear of causing trouble to their superiors, we must seriously investigate, we must not miss a family of military martyrs and extremely poor families, and we must let them have a good year!" After that, under the care of Song Renqiang and other military district leaders, the extremely poor households in the village were rescued. The villagers were very moved when they saw it. During the Spring Festival, villagers and children's groups spontaneously went to pay New Year's greetings to the leaders. Song Renqiang also prepared peanuts, red dates and sugar cubes to distribute to everyone, and laughter filled the small courtyard of the farmhouse.
Song Renqiang, Zhong Yuelin
Song Renqiang and the 129th Division, Liu Bocheng, Zhang Hao, Deng Xiaoping, Xu Xiangqian, Li Da, Liu Xiao, Zou Jiemin, Chen Zaidao, Li Jukui, Xiao Hua, Fu Zhuting, Wang Hongkun, Yang Yong, Yan Kuyao, Zhu Guang, Liu Minghui, Wang Yunrui, Fan Chaoli, Zhong Hanhua, Yang Xiufeng and other old comrades-in-arms were on the front line of the Anti-Japanese War.
The Southern Hebei Military Region was opened up to carry out various tasks and battles.
Memoirs of Liu Fuzhi
In his memoirs, Liu Fuzhi talked about when he was the secretary of Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping of the 29th Division, he went east to the southern Hebei Plain with the division headquarters and opened up the most difficult bone to gnaw - Song Renqiang when he established the anti-Japanese base area in the plain: "During the march of the division headquarters eastward into southern Hebei, I met Song Renqiang, director of the Political Department. This well-known general in the Red Army, in his military life, approached the masses, set up a 'dragon gate array,' and was ideologically active. After advancing eastward, Song Renqiang stayed in the southern Hebei region to organize military and political work, and served as secretary of the party committee of the southern Hebei region and political commissar of the military region. The director of the Executive Office is Yang Xiufeng. They persisted in the arduous guerrilla warfare on the plains and created base areas. ”
In Liu Fuzhi's impression, in the dangerous situation of advancing eastward to the plains of the Pinghan Line behind enemy lines, Song Renqiang was an optimist who was always with the cadres and soldiers of the army.
Song Renqiang, Zhong Yuelin and others returned to the old base area to visit General Zuo Quan, fellow villagers and comrades-in-arms.
He came from Nanjing, Kunming on the Red Clay Plateau, and Chongqing Southwest Bureau:
In June 1947, according to the unified deployment of the Party Central Committee, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the main force of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan People's Liberation Army, Chen Geng and Xie Fuzhi led the Taiyue Corps of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army, and Chen Yi, Su Yu, and Tan Zhenlin led the main force of the East China Field Army, respectively, advanced into Dabie Mountain, Henan-Shaanxi-Hubei and Henan-Anhui Suzhou, seized the Central Plains, and established the Central Plains Liberated Area. On 30 June, Liu and Deng led their troops to break through the natural dangers of the Yellow River and launch the Southwest Lu Campaign, which first opened the prelude to our army's strategic counteroffensive, and after more than two months of hard fighting, liberated more than 20 county towns in the Dabie Mountains and established two strategic base areas in Hubei, Henan and western Anhui. In August, Chen and Xie forcibly crossed the Yellow River and advanced to western Henan, liberating many county towns along the Longhai Road, approaching Xi'an, and establishing the Henan-Shaanxi-Hubei liberated area centered on Funiu Mountain. In September, Chen, Su, and Tan launched a campaign to march into Henan-Anhui and Suzhou, rapidly expanding and consolidating the strategic base areas of Henan-Anhui-Suzhou. After that, our army smashed the large-scale "clean-up" launched by the Kuomintang reactionaries against our Dabie Mountain, and victoriously opened up two new areas in Tongbai and Jianghan. After the three main forces of the Central Plains successively opened up and expanded the strategic base areas of Hubei, Henan, western Anhui, Henan, Anhui, Suzhou, Tongbai, and Jianghan, the Central Plains Liberated Area was initially formed across the five provinces of Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shaanxi. In 1948, the Central Plains Liberated Area entered a stage of continuous development and consolidation.
The stage of development and consolidation of the Central Plains Liberated Area. The stage of development and consolidation of the Central Plains Liberated Area. Song Renqiang and Chen Yi, Bo Yibo, Teng Daiyuan, Zheng Weisan, Du Yide, Yang Yong, Zeng Shaoshan and other comrades-in-arms.
From the spring of 1948, Song Renqiang successively served as secretary of the Henan-Anhui Soviet Branch of the CPC Central Committee and political commissar of the Henan-Anhui Soviet Military Region, the third deputy political commissar of the East China Field Army, secretary of the Anhui Provincial CPC Committee, deputy secretary of the Nanjing Municipal Party Committee and deputy director of the Military Management Commission. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as deputy political commissar of the Southwest Military Region, political commissar of the Fourth Corps and Yunnan Military Region, and secretary of the Yunnan Provincial CPC Committee. Since 1952, he has served as the first deputy secretary of the Southwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the vice chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Commission. Song Renqiang recalled: "When I took up my post in Henan, Anhui and Suzhou, I was supposed to have jurisdiction over eight prefectural committees, three cities, 68 counties, and a population of more than 16 million, making it the largest base area in the Central Plains Liberated Area. "At the same time, the Central Committee designated Su Yu and I as members of the Central Plains Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and Su Yu remained deputy commander and deputy political commissar of the East China Field Army. Chen Shiyu, chief of staff of the East China Field Army, and Tang Liang, director of the Political Department, asked me when I would take up my post at the headquarters. I told them that I, the third deputy political commissar, was in name, and that I was still mainly engaged in supporting the frontline work in the localities. Chairman Mao's telegram to Chen, Su, Tan Zhenlin, and me in May 1948 clearly pointed out: "Comrade Song Renqiang is not a full-time deputy political commissar of Huaye, but a secretary of the Central Bureau of the Henan-Anhui Soviet Union who is also the deputy political commissar. "The Central Bureau of the Henan-Anhui Soviet Union is under the leadership of the Central Plains Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and due to the impact of the war environment, the station is not fixed, and it flows in the area of the head of the boundary and the counties of Boxian, Qixian, Taikang, Danxian, and Huaiyin with the head of the border as the center. At that time, our main task was to extensively mobilize the masses, propagate the party's principles and policies, and vigorously develop urban and rural production and prosper the economy on the basis of continuing to eliminate the stubborn bandits: stabilize social order, consolidate and develop the liberated areas, and support the front-line operations...... After the Huaihai Campaign was unveiled, on November 13 and 16, 1948, the Central Plains Bureau successively issued urgent instructions on the nation's support for the Huaihai Campaign and instructions on supporting the Huaihai Campaign to Henan, Anhui and the Soviet Union, pointing out that the Battle of Xuzhou was the largest main force to encircle and annihilate the Kuomintang north of the Yangtze River. It's the biggest showdown, and possibly the last. If this battle is completely won, there will be no major war south of the Yangtze River, and the situation of the whole country will change basically. All cadres and people in the Central Plains Liberated Areas are required to heedless all fatigue, overcome all difficulties, and endure all losses in order to win this decisive battle. He also instructed the Henan-Anhui Soviet Sub-Bureau to strengthen the pre-support organization and work, authorized the pre-support organs to have full authority to requisition grain, grass, and people's stretchers to ensure all operational needs, and instructed the relevant special offices of the Henan-Anhui Soviet Union to organize a strong supply station to supply the combat troops with oil, salt, pork, vegetables, yellow tobacco, tobacco leaves, paper, etc., to ensure the necessary living standards of the troops, so as to maintain the combat effectiveness of the troops, and pointed out: 'In the process of requisition, those whose burdens are unfair to the masses are allowed to be adjusted in the future. 'We are instructed to ensure the smooth flow of railways and highways, especially the roads and bridges leading to the front line, to ensure that they are always unimpeded. It also instructed the logistics departments to redeploy their work, such as setting up rear hospitals and procuring and supplying medicines, ammunition, military shoes, etc., to meet the needs of the war. In accordance with the instructions, the Henan-Anhui Soviet Sub-Bureau went all out to devote itself to the intense front-line work. The broad masses of the people have expressed their determination to endure all hardships, overcome all difficulties, devote all their families and assets to support the front line, and strive for a complete victory in the battle. According to statistics, the people of Henan, Anhui and Suzhou supported 210 million catties of grain, 530 million catties of firewood and grass, and 125,000 stretchers. When the Huaihai Campaign was at its most intense, I rushed to the front line to understand the situation in front of the branch. Comrade Su Yu, who was commanding operations on the front line, told me that there was a shortage of firewood at the front, and it was necessary to urgently solve it in order to ensure the combat effectiveness of the troops. At that time, we made up our minds that if the supply of firewood was insufficient, even if the house was demolished, we would have to ensure the needs ahead. Strong logistics have greatly supported the front. "With the successive victories of the Liberation War and the continuous expansion of the newly liberated areas, it is necessary to prepare in a planned way for a large number of cadres to be transferred to work in new areas and cities." On March 7, 1949, the Central Plains Provisional People's Government was formally established, and the Central Branch of the Henan-Anhui Soviet Union and the Administrative Office of the Henan-Anhui Soviet Union were abolished at the same time. The Central Committee decided to transfer Song Renqiang to the post of secretary of the Anhui Provincial CPC Committee.
The situation map of the Liberation War and the Huaihai Campaign.
Qilu · the People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing
Mao Zedong
Zhongshan is pale and yellow in wind and rain, and millions of heroes have crossed the river. The tiger is better than the past, and the world is turned upside down and generous. It is advisable to chase the poor bravely, and not to sell the name of the overlord. If there is love in the sky, the sky is also old, and the right way in the world is the vicissitudes of life.
Mao Zedong's poem "The People's Liberation Army Occupies Nanjing".
On April 21, the battle to cross the river began.
At midnight on April 23, the 35th Army of the Third Field Army marched into Nanjing.
On 1 May, a meeting of cadres was held, and Song Renqiang, deputy director of the Municipal Military Management Commission, presided over the meeting and announced that the CPC Central Committee had approved the establishment of the Nanjing Municipal CPC Committee, and that the Standing Committee was composed of Liu Bocheng, Song Renqiang, Zhang Jichun, Chen Xiuliang, and Chen Shiyu, and Liu Bocheng and Song Renqiang were the chief and deputy secretaries. The meeting was solemn and enthusiastic, with more than 2,000 southbound cadres and more than 700 underground party cadres attending the meeting, a total of 3,000 people.
After the battle of crossing the river, the domestic situation developed rapidly. On 2 June, the Central Military Commission sent a telegram to Erye to make a series of preparations for marching into the southwest. In accordance with the instructions of the Central Military Commission, the Second Field Front Committee comprehensively analyzed the enemy's situation and worked out the main points of the operation to avoid the front, make a big detour, encircle, and cut off the rear road, and annihilate the enemy in the southwest. At the same time, a plan was drawn up for the takeover of the Southwest. In order to prepare cadres to support the war and open up and take over the southwest, Deng Xiaoping conveyed the strategic plan of the party Central Committee at the front committee of the Second Field and studied the plan for the preparation and transfer of cadres accompanying the army. In order to solve the shortage of cadres who marched into the southwest, a group of young intellectuals were recruited in Nanjing, Shanghai, and southern Jiangsu to serve in the southwest.
The cadre work group was named the "Southwest Service Group of the Chinese People's Liberation Army," and Song Renqiang, deputy political commissar and director of the Political Department of the Second Ye, was appointed director of the regiment.
Song Renqiang and Liu Bocheng, Li Da, Chen Shiqu and others were in Nanjing. and Peng Tao, Leng Chu, Zhang Linzhi and other comrades-in-arms.
The Nanjing Southwest Service Regiment (later known as the Second Regiment), which was established by the Nanjing Municipal Military Management Commission, recruited cadets on June 25, joined the Shanghai First Regiment on July 28, and the Southern Jiangsu Branch also arrived in Nanjing on August 31. There are also cadet teams from the Second Field Military University, the North China Revolutionary University, and the East China Revolutionary University, as well as the cadres sent by the organs directly under the Beijing Central Committee and the Northeast Bureau. A total of more than 17,000 people have been incorporated into the sequence of the Erye Southwest Service Group. Under the leadership of Song Renqiang, the Southwest Service Corps became a new force in taking over and building the southwest. On February 20, 1950, Chen Geng and Song Renqiang led the Second Field Fourth Corps of the People's Liberation Army and the Yunnan Detachment of the Southwest Service Corps into Kunming. Lu Han led the military and political personnel to the eastern suburbs to greet them. Kunming, with a population of only 300,000, dispatched 120,000 people to sing and dance, and welcome them. When the People's Liberation Army entered the urban area of Kunming, thousands of people were empty, firecrackers rang out, and the crowd rushed to offer flowers, flags, and wine to the commanders and fighters.
On February 20, 1950, Chen Geng and Song Renqiang led the Yunnan detachment of the People's Liberation Army and the Southwest Service Group into Kunming, and Lu Han and the masses warmly welcomed them.
The Central Committee and the Southwest Bureau put forward the principle of "unity first, work second" and a series of instructions on the work in Yunnan under the leadership of the provincial party committee, holding that without the great unity of our party and army, there would have been no victory in all aspects of work. All of them unanimously supported and expressed their belief that they must implement the central policy in all aspects of work, unite all those who can be united, and win over all those who can be won over. Thirty-three years later, Song Renqiang recalled: Why should the policy of Yunnan's work put unity in the first place and work in the second place? Looking back now, only when we do a good job of unity can we have the strength to deal with the enemy, unite the people, unite and transform our friends, and do a good job. Shortly after the liberation of Yunnan, Chen Geng, second secretary of the provincial party committee and commander of the Yunnan Military Region, was sent to work in Viet Nam by the CPC Central Committee, and Song Renqiang, first secretary of the provincial party committee, became the supreme head of the provincial party, government, and army. On the basis of doing a good job of unity within the party, he paid great attention to unity outside the party, centered on united front work, united and reformed the military and political personnel of the uprising, and built unity on a common political foundation. At the same time, he creatively implemented the party's ethnic policy and did fruitful work. Proceeding from the fact that there was a predominantly leftist tendency in the work of nationalities at that time, he also put forward the slogans of "stressing unity rather than struggle" and "being slow but not urgent, and opposing the left but not the right" in the history of the party's ethnic work. He also stressed the need to implement the principle of "stressing more feelings and less stressing interests and disadvantages" in our work, and to help minority nationalities improve and enhance themselves in many aspects.
Without the great unity of our party and our army, there would have been no victory in all aspects of work.
In July 2009, the CPC History Publishing House published page 232 of the "Song Renqiang Memorial Anthology" compiled by the Party History Research Office of the CPC Central Committee, with a short reminiscence article signed by Demin and Chu Long on the "Song Renqiang Two Reform Banners". The article said a trivial matter, which typically shows Song Renqiang's good intentions in emphasizing unity and emotion in history: "In the early 50s of the 20th century, Song Renqiang concurrently served as the political commissar of the Yunnan Military Region. The troops of the Yunnan uprising were first called the 12th and 13th Provisional Armies. Through the pro-democracy movement, they demanded formal integration into the People's Liberation Army. The Military Region decided to merge them with the 12th and 13th armies of the People's Liberation Army, that is, the four armies into two armies. "On the day of the meeting, all the officers and soldiers gathered at the Zhidan Stadium. A huge banner was hung in the venue: "The Chinese People's Liberation Army Provisional Reorganization Conference of the 12th and 13th Armies." Song Renqiang, who first ascended to the rostrum, felt that it was inappropriate after reading it, and immediately asked the comrades who arranged the venue to change the word "adaptation" to "co-editing." At the evening party that day, when he saw the big banner of "Unit's Gathering Party," he said that it was inappropriate, and immediately asked the staff to change the word "welcome" to "party." Afterwards, someone asked Song Renqiang: "Adaptation" and "co-editing", "welcome" and "party" have similar meanings, why do you have to rewrite it? Song Renqiang solemnly admonished his subordinates: "Communists must conscientiously implement the party's principles and policies when speaking, doing things, and writing articles. The CPC is the ruling party and occupies a leading position, and it is particularly necessary to pay attention to the united front policy and unite people outside the party. Think about it, 'adaptation' and 'welcome', both show that we are the initiative and that the insurrectionary forces are passive. In fact, the Yunnan uprising troops took the initiative to revolt and made great contributions in the defense of Kunming, which was a move in line with the historical trend. Changing the words 'adaptation and 'welcome' to 'co-arrangement' and 'party' are the same as each other, and there is no distinction between host and guest, so that it is in line with the facts, so that the insurrectionary troops will be happy and happy, and will be conducive to unity and fighting. Song Renqiao changed the banner twice, leaving a thought-provoking and beneficial story of unity and struggle for future generations. In particular, in this recollection, it is also mentioned that the "co-editing" conference was held at the "Zhidan Stadium" at that time.
A thought-provoking and rewarding story of unity and struggle.
Although the five words "Zhidan Stadium" are inconspicuous, they contain profound philosophies and feelings of nostalgia for comrades-in-arms. However, the author has searched for a long time, but has not found the specific location of the "Zhidan Stadium" in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, in the existing maps and materials of Kunming City. Obviously, the "Zhidan Stadium" only existed for a very short time when the Red River and Mountains of the Red Plateau had just been built. Time flies, after the wind and rain...... It's understandable that I can't find it, but the historical facts will not be extinguished! After all, because Kang Sheng and others took advantage of the abnormal situation of political life in the party, they proposed that the novel "Liu Zhidan" had serious political problems, attacked this novel as overturning the case for Gao Gang, and framed Xi Zhongxun and others who cared about the creation of this novel. Xi Zhongxun, then vice premier and secretary general of the State Council, was put on file for 16 years after being falsely accused, a period of time that is rare even among many revolutionaries of the older generation who have been persecuted. Therefore, the specific historical period of "Zhidan Stadium" can only appear in the early days of liberation when Song Renqiang was in charge of Yunnan Province and Kunming City, and it can only be radiated in the fiery and turbulent years. Based on the analysis of historical facts, the author speculates that it is precisely because Song Renqiang, then the first secretary of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee, and Liu Zhidan once spent a very close time together in the Red 28th Army, in order to cherish the pure comradeship of fighting together with Liu Zhidan, and also to highlight the glorious example of unity and fighting between the Central Red Army and the Red Army in northern Shaanxi, and to take the old Red Army as an example to inspire, educate and motivate all walks of life in Yunnan to unite first, and deepen the situation of unity and struggle, Song Renqiang and Yunnan Province and Kunming City once specially named the conference venue of "Zhidan Stadium".
"Once the sea was difficult to water,
"Except for Wushan, it is not a cloud"
Song Renqiang, who stresses unity and fighting and attaches great importance to love and righteousness, has never broken off contact with Liu Zhidan's relatives. Nearly half a century has passed, in the early 80s, Song Renqiang and his wife Zhong Yuelin visited Mrs. Liu Zhidan and Guirong and their descendants in Xi'an, leaving a precious group photo, which is full of emotion! This photograph is included on page 55 of the Biography of Song Renqiang, compiled by the Party History Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, published in July 2009 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Song Renqiang's birth.
Song Renqiang and his wife Zhong Yuelin visited Liu Zhidan's wife Guirong (second from right in the front row), his daughter Liu Lizhen (second from left in the front row), and his son-in-law Zhang Guang (first from left in the front row) in Xi'an.
He came from the starlight of the star-studded army:
In October 1954, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China appointed Song Renqian as the first deputy director of the General Cadre Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and assisted Minister Luo Ronghuan in presiding over the daily work of the General Cadre Department. At the same time, he served as deputy secretary general of the CPC Central Committee and deputy director of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee. At that time, the General Cadre Department of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) was the leading organ under the leadership of the Party Central Military Commission and the unified management of military, administrative, logistical, and technical cadres of the whole army. After February 1955, through the adoption of the National People's Congress, Mao Zedong officially promulgated a series of documents, such as the Regulations on the Service of Officers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Meritorious Personnel of the People's Liberation Army for Meritorious Service during the Revolutionary War of the Chinese People's Revolution. The Central Military Commission decided to complete the work of awarding titles to officers on active duty within 1955; In 1955, medals were awarded for active servicemen, and in 1956 for demobilized, demobilized and discharged servicemen. After Song Renqiang recalled to the General Cadre Department, he was mainly responsible for these two tasks. He also accompanied Peng Dehuai and Luo Ronghuan to report to Mao Zedong and other central leading comrades on the work of awarding titles and awards, and directly listened to the instructions of Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Deng Zihui, Zhang Dingcheng and other comrades, not to have the rank of generalissimo, marshal, and general, and felt very cordial. Some central leading comrades headed by Mao Zedong took the initiative not to confer titles, which was a great education for the cadres and officers of the whole army, and fully embodied the original aspiration and mission of the Chinese communists. During his two-year tenure as first deputy director of the General Cadre Department, Song Renqiang worked with the ministers and deputy ministers of the General Cadre Department to build the General Cadre Department into a home for cadres throughout the army, leaving a clear mark on the cadre work of the people's army as it entered an era of peace. The General Cadre Department awarded the supreme honor of serving the people to every soldier who fought for the people, shed blood and sweat, and was disabled and strong! But who would have thought that Song Renqiang, who had just been awarded three first-class medals, was awarded the general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and put on the dress of the founding general, took the initiative to return to the starting point of the scientific and technological innovation revolution in Liuyang's hometown as soon as he was a child...... In April 1956, Song Renqiang volunteered to actively report to Premier Zhou and Chairman Mao, requesting to participate in the pioneering project of China's atomic bomb industrial base! Is this just because you are not used to wearing a general's costume?! At that time, when the Ministry of Nuclear Industry and the Chinese Academy of Sciences asked Deng Jiaxian and other scientists to dedicate themselves to the extremely secret nuclear cause of atomic energy, they used the term "cannon battle." Isn't it impossible that this founding father, who grew up eating spicy food and making fireworks at a young age, always cherished in his heart the century dream of studying and creating a big "big explosion" for the Chinese? Would you like to invite scientists to do this "cannon battle"!
The founding fathers always cherished in their hearts the dream of the century of researching and creating a "big explosion".
Liuyang's peppers and fireworks exploded
I have eaten spicy seeds from Chengdu, Sichuan, which are spicy and spicy. I also ate spicy seeds from Changsha, Hunan, which are raw and spicy. People who claim to like spicy food in Beijing may not be able to eat spicy seeds with different flavors in Chengdu and Changsha. Spicy, not only spicy, but also a little numb. It will make you feel a unique spicy aroma that you can't stand dancing on the tip of your tongue. Spicy is not only spicy, but also spicy tongue stiffness, which will make people spicy from the tip of the tongue to the stomach, and the hot blood boils. Eating spicy food makes people feel like a flame, as if the whole world is on fire, and every bite of food becomes extraordinarily delicious and enlightening. Whether it is spicy or spicy, it has its commonalities. Its commonality is a kind of strong stimulation, so spicy that people jump straight to their feet, so hot that people sweat, the whole body is powerful, and the brain is open. Pepper is a unique gift of scientific and technological innovation from nature to Liuyang people, from Liuyang's historical and traditional products of tempeh chopped pepper, to the fiery red and slender "chicken intestine chili" of the "chicken intestine chili" characteristic pepper varieties, let us understand the endless aftertaste of Liuyang people in agricultural science and technology innovation, and admire the hot and spicy energy of Liuyang people who love to explore the mysteries of nature.
"Chicken intestine chili" and Liuyang tempeh chopped chili.
Mao Zedong said: Chili pepper is the food of revolutionaries! The author has had the privilege of eating Mao Zedong's favorite tempeh chopped chili side dish carefully made by Sister Yelia and others for many old revolutionaries.
The red peppers, the life of rolling red dust.
The path of life is not only as sweet as warmth, but also as spicy as spicy, urging people to be firm-willed, magically upright, indomitable, and inviolable.
Ordinary chili peppers can cultivate brave, strong, resolute, noble, and silently enterprising life character for pure, prosperous, and kind people, and create a pure, intimate, and win-win environment for unity and cooperation.
The charm of chili peppers and the natural environment of Liuyang provide Liuyang people with an inexhaustible stream of scientific and technological creation and development consciousness and mentality.
More than 1,400 years ago, in the early Tang Dynasty, disasters and plagues were prevalent in the mountainous areas of Hunan and Jiangxi. Li Jin, the ancestor of Liuyang, worked tirelessly to go to Cai Lun's hometown - Leiyang, Hunan Province to learn papermaking technology, and visited skilled craftsmen from all over the world to learn the method of refining soil nitrate. Inspired by the ancestors' "burning bamboo to drive away the evil", Li Jin added fire nitrate (one of the raw materials for making gunpowder) to the bamboo tube, invented the "sulfur firecracker", and after igniting it, the smoke of gunpowder was used to disperse the miasma of the mountain and reduce the epidemic of plague. (When the author cut the queue, he "flattened the land" for Xuedazhai, used this method to make explosives, and sold some of it to earn living expenses for the educated youth team.) As a result, he was criticized by the small speaker in the county for taking the capitalist road. He also got the guidance of the medicine king Sun Simiao to make his own gunpowder, and pioneered the "fire sulfur" as the "fire and sulfur" as the "fire and paper explosion", and replaced the bamboo tube with a paper tube, making a firecracker, and setting a precedent for "fireworks salute". Therefore, the people of Liuyang regard Cai Lun, the inventor of Chinese papermaking, Sun Simiao, the famous ancient Chinese medicine king, the innovator of gunpowder, and Li Jin, the inventor of ancient Chinese fireworks, as the three ancestors of Liuyang's firecracker industry.
Qing Kangxi's "Liuyang County Chronicles" recorded: "The descendants rolled paper as a tube, and it was really made of sulfur, which was called a big firecracker, and it was given to the relics, and it was called spring thunder." On Chinese New Year's Eve, the sound was endless. The county has people who compete with each other to make a bold move. During the Yongzheng period, the fireworks became a royal tribute, and the "shelf fireworks" set by the Qing court came from Dayao Town, Liuyang. "China Industrial Journal" and "Hunan Provincial Economic Survey Series" published during the Republic of China: "The manufacture of firecrackers in Hunan Province began in the Tang Dynasty and developed in the late Song Dynasty", "The production of firecrackers in Hunan originated in Liuyang, and then with the development of the industry, the production area was gradually promoted in neighboring counties." "At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were sold all over the country and were exported. In the Republic of China, no matter how the situation changes and turbulence, Liuyang "usually does not see beggars, and there are few hungry people in famine years, which is given by the explosion of industry". In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Liuyang people who like to eat spicy food, "ten families and nine explosions"! Almost every household, every household, everyone has done fireworks battles, family assembly line workshops are blooming everywhere, and it is a well-known fireworks capital.
Fireworks vendors of the Republic of China.
Nowadays, the firecracker production industry from a piece of paper to the final product, all can be completed in Liuyang, local materials of soil paper, soil nitrate, sulfur, through the cylinder, filling, charge and other 12 processes, 72 processes to make finished products, and then packaging, warehousing, transportation, from the mountainous area at the junction of Hunan and Jiangxi to the world, the world's reputation. It can be said that Liuyang people firmly grasp the global discourse power of the fireworks industry. Dayao in Liuyang City is also the source of the world's fireworks and the birthplace of the world's fireworks culture. Dayao fireworks have successively won the title of national geographical indication protection and national intangible cultural heritage, and has more than 600 fireworks and related enterprises. Large-scale fireworks shows all over China and countries around the world are inseparable from Liuyang's fireworks research and production. It seems that fireworks are entertainment products, but in fact, they require more complex technical engineering for system control. Today, fireworks R&D and production are all high-tech. The fireworks of the 2008 Beijing Olympics were the first in the world to use the most advanced chip fireworks bomb at that time. This batch of Liuyang fireworks, each firework is equipped with a chip, installed with pressure control equipment, through computer control of precise ignition, at the specified time, height, direction, direction of explosion, composed of a variety of words and patterns, become the world's highest fireworks production technology concentrated embodiment. The big footprints that shocked the world were controlled in this way to take a step every two seconds, a total of 15 kilometers, a total of 29, which amazed the world. The opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Qatar World Cup fireworks show are designed and provided by Liuyang people. In order to highlight the status and glory of Liuyang City as the world's "hometown of fireworks", every year Liuyang City will stage romantic fireworks shows belonging to Chinese on major festivals such as New Year's Eve, Spring Festival and Winter Solstice. For three centuries, many countries in Europe and the Americas have been popular with music and fireworks displays, and the beautiful fireworks are like dragons, swallows, meteors, and rainbows, dazzling and shining, making tourists dizzy and lingering. Liuyang fireworks are famous for their long range, bright brightness and bright colors, and Liuyang fireworks have become a cultural symbol and a bridge for people to communicate with each other. The 1,400-year-old Liuyang fireworks and firecrackers have become a traditional cultural heritage of Liuyang City, Hunan Province, China, and are also the pride and belief of the local people. Liuyang people believe that through the manufacture and discharge of fireworks and firecrackers in Liuyang, the emotions and exchanges between people have been enhanced. In 2023, the total output value of Liuyang fireworks will exceed 50 billion yuan. According to public data from the General Administration of Customs of China, in 2023, the country will export a total of 363,600 tons of fireworks and firecrackers, with a cumulative value of 7.222 billion yuan. The "2023-2028 China Fireworks Industry In-depth Research and Prospect Forecast Report" pointed out that the mainland is currently the world's largest producer of fireworks, accounting for 90% of global production and about 80% of world trade.
Liuyang flower cannon group map.
Deep ploughing and planting of the heart field,
The fireworks are showy.
Born in Liuyang, grew up in Liuyang, and was the founding father of the People's Republic of China, Song Renqiang, who was brilliant and enlightened, not only spent years making fireworks by himself since childhood, but also in the difficult and difficult struggle in Jinggangshan, in the danger of the Red Army being broken up and looking for the Red Army team, Song Renqiang not only learned the ability to play snake tricks to cover himself in a very short time in 1928, but also made about half a year of flower cannon gunpowder lead in his old house in Wuyuan Village in 1929 and waited for the opportunity...... Influenced by the excellent traditional culture, Song Renqiang, the founding general who knew how to do gunpowder and artillery battles since he was a child, was no stranger to the principle of the atomic bomb. Isn't it the big dream hidden in the heart of the founding general who was born in Liuyang! Isn't it just that I've been thinking about it since I was a child, when will I be able to make a big explosion that flies higher, explodes louder, and is more powerful and powerful! Song Renqiang is even more "spicy" than the "spicy people", and he understands the gunpowder principle of China's nuclear science foundation earlier than the scientists. He is the embryo of the revolutionary chili pepper, the scientific and technological revolution maniac who came out of the "spicy man", and the high-tech leader of the atomic bomb born in the practice of fireworks production. The 46-year-old founding general Song Renqiang was deeply influenced by the historical inheritance of the fireworks culture gene in his hometown of Liuyang County, Hunan, and deeply hidden the dream of the strong needs of the socialist motherland, and won the trust and respect of the Party Central Committee, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai! Song Renqiang had to start from scratch, starting from the raw materials for nuclear fusion explosions based on the principle of gunpowder, and as the first person with the rank of general or above, he pioneered the development and production of a big explosion - the atomic bomb research and development and production system business.
Isn't this a big explosion?
We praise Song Renqiao so sincerely, there may be friends who don't understand. Building an atomic bomb is the highest and highest unattainable high technology, and as a result, you use fireworks to talk about things, is this okay? But if you know that the gunpowder technology of Europe and the United States came from China, you will understand the practice of "uranium refining by local method" more than 50 years ago. Although uranium ore was found in 1958, the plant for refining uranium had not yet been built, so what should I do? Song Renqiang personally arranged a method to guide the whole country through a pilot project in Xiazhuang, a mountainous area in northern Guangdong: uranium smelting by local method. Under the leadership of the young Wang Mingjian, under the guidance of scientific and technological personnel, in the makeshift bamboo shed, the newly graduated college students, with the help of the farmers, like grinding tofu, crushed the ore with a stone mill of rice, sifted it with a bamboo sieve, put it in an earthen jar for acid soaking, and then filtered it again and again with a fine cloth wrapped in tofu, and then dried it to obtain coarse uranium in the form of flour. Amazingly, some of the "flour" was tested to be completely up to standard. After two and a half years of hard fighting, the Xiazhuang Water Smelting Plant produced 71.3 tons of ammonium heavy uranate, accounting for 67% of the total uranium smelted by the local method in the country at that time. In more than three years, more than 20 provincial-run uranium mines screened and obtained 163 tons of ammonium heavy uranate smelted by soil smelting, which provided raw materials for the production of nuclear fuel for the atomic bomb test, and then won more than a year for the explosion of China's first atomic bomb. Based on Wang Mingjian's contributions, Premier Zhou Enlai and Minister Song Renqiang sent invitations to Wang Mingjian twice in 1959 and 1960 respectively, and attended banquets and receptions at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. In this regard, even United States scholars Lewis and Xue Litai said that China's first atomic bomb was a "people's bomb." In the course of investigating the early development history of New China's atomic energy industry, military history researchers have heard many stories about Minister Song personally going to uranium mines in Guangxi, Guangdong, etc., not only to coordinate and mobilize the support of local leaders, but also to personally eat and live with the geological team members, which is very difficult: Minister Song lives in Xiazhuang, Shaoguan, there are no fresh vegetables in winter, and only a plate of dried water spinach is served on the table, which everyone jokingly calls "seamless steel pipe", and you can imagine how difficult it is to chew and swallow. The minister was also a fifty-year-old chief at that time. For the sake of the cause, unite and lead the cadres and masses of the entire industry, work hard at the above rate, and work together from top to bottom. For the rapid development of the atomic bomb, a team was brought out, a style of work was cultivated, a culture was created, and a great era of scientific and technological charges was formed and created. How did China create its atomic bomb? Under the unified leadership of the party, the Second Ministry of Machinery took the lead, and the whole country coordinated to concentrate on major events. That process was imbued with the practical wisdom of the "people's bomb".
The model of uranium refining by soil method - Xiazhuang.
General Bombardment heads China's Ministry of Nuclear Weapons Industry
In order to break the imperialist nuclear blackmail and nuclear monopoly, safeguard national security, and safeguard world peace, Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee appropriately estimated the mainland's resource conditions and scientific research foundation, and resolutely made the decision in January 1955 to establish China's atomic energy industry and develop an atomic bomb. Premier Zhou Enlai personally organized the implementation and designated Chen Yun, Nie Rongzhen, and Bo Yibo to form a three-person team to guide the development of the atomic energy industry. In November 1956, the Standing Committee of the First National People's Congress of the mainland decided to establish the Third Ministry of Machinery Industry (changed to the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry in February 1958, hereinafter referred to as the "Second Ministry of Machinery Industry") to take charge of the development of the country's atomic energy industry. After the establishment of the "Second Machinery Department," the main tasks are to grasp the formation of a team, the geological search for uranium ore, and the construction of scientific research bases (the "three tasks" of the atomic energy industry). Among them, geological uranium prospecting and scientific research are the two fundamental links in the development of atomic energy.
Mao Zedong and the Party Central Committee made a timely decision to launch a nuclear bomb.
In the process of reading and comprehending "Memoirs of Song Renqiang", the author noticed that Song Renqiang repeatedly used the word "grasp" to emphasize the importance of major tasks and projects, highlighting the initiative to grasp the initiative, take the initiative to grasp it, grasp it to the end, and grasp the resolute attitude of achieving results. It can be seen that since Song Renqiang took office as minister of the "Second Machinery Department," he has intensively proposed and implemented the "three tasks" and the two fundamental links in the tasks of the mainland's atomic energy industry. This echoes and complements the whole process of his appointment as head of the Seventh Machinery Department 20 years later, which is also in full swing and firmly grasps the fundamental proposal and implementation of the mainland's "two bombs and one satellite" breakthrough development, and the very specific initiative of "three grasping tasks." Song Renqiang, after the founding of New China, was not only the first founding father to lead the first line of China's two-bomb and one-star cause, the first founding father with the rank of general, but also he was not the only founding general who simply devoted himself to the front-line work of finding uranium geological exploration, but the only one who worked in the second (third) Ministry of Machinery Industry of the nuclear weapons research and manufacturing industry department of the People's Republic of China, and the research and manufacture of missiles, rockets, The founding general of the Seventh Ministry of Machine-Building Industry of the Satellite who held the post of minister in both high-tech professional departments. After a gap of 20 years, coincidentally, he successively served as the minister of the two high-tech professional departments of the Second Machine Department and the Seventh Machine Department, and Song Renqiang, a general from Liuyang who came out of his hometown of fireworks and was ordered to participate in the Nanchang Uprising and personally participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising, took office and put forward the first set of major system tasks with initiative and fundamental significance. It goes without saying that Song Renqiang, a revolutionary soldier who came out of the war environment of the flames and bullets, has his own very unique and powerful ability structure formed through hard study, hard practice, and repeated training in the complicated war years, when the slightest sloppiness will lose his head. What is strength? What is hard power and soft power? The characteristic practice of China's "two bombs and one satellite" in the development of national defense science and technology has proved that without the unique ability, structure, and strength of the revolutionary military leaders who have emerged from the environment of revolutionary warfare, the initial establishment and steady development of national defense science and technology in socialist China cannot be achieved from scratch. In the special era of different periods, the repeated proposition of the "three grasping tasks" with the initiative and fundamentalism shows that the minister at the level of General Song Renqiang has a thorough understanding of natural science, the law of development, the key links of scientific research and production, and the systematic transformation nodes of fundamental tasks and projects. On the basis of fully respecting the subjective and objective laws and giving full play to the initiative of all parties, he can take the initiative to distinguish between the important and the urgent, grasp the fundamental transition node work procedures in the systematic project, set an example, command his three armed forces, overcome difficulties, climb the peak of the country's highest scientific and technological tasks step by step, and complete the key node tasks with high speed and high quality. This is the basic ability structure and intellectual strength of Song Renqiang, a general of the Communist Party of China. This is the strange wonder of Song Renqiao as a minister.
From left: Song Renqiang, Xiao Jinguang and Chen Geng at Tiananmen Square.
Minister's wonderful
Song Renqiang's wonder of being a minister is that this position of minister was not ordered by the higher authorities to follow procedures, but that Song Renqiang took the initiative to give up his high position and high salary in the army to Chairman Mao and the top leader of the Party Central Committee, and voluntarily applied for and obtained approval, and then ordered him to come down. Generally speaking, it is very rare for such a situation in which during the war years to actively apply for war, surprise attacks, and dedication to tasks is very rare to take the initiative to apply for a post in peacetime, not to mention the fact that he has been transferred from a high position in the army to a completely unfamiliar position that has been completely changed from the top of the country's secret-guarding science and technology major. In April 1956, Premier Zhou Enlai's original intention was to ask Song Renqiang, who was in charge of the appointment and dismissal of senior military cadres, to recommend a cadre from the Central Committee of the army to strengthen the geological front. But after thinking about it for two days, Song Renqiang used "I am not used to wearing that uniform" as the reason, "Mao recommended himself and told the prime minister to transfer me out." As a result, Song Renqiang served as the head of the Third Machinery Department (the Second Machinery Department) of China's atomic energy industry, which was completely poor and "poor" in all aspects, but had to bear great historical responsibility. This extremely unconventional and wonderful cadre appointment procedure is completely unexpected and very accurately reflects Song Renqiang's bottom-line thinking and cultural self-confidence.
Letters of appointment of Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi.
There is a recollection in Zhang Jinfu's article, which accurately reflects the nature of the country's top secret scientific and technological leadership position: "Qian Sanqiang was a famous nuclear physicist, and he came to me soon after returning from a visit to the Soviet Union. When he came, he said angrily: 'Vice President Zhang, I have an opinion about you!' I said, 'What opinion?' He said: 'I have an opinion on your scientific plan, and you have a 'four emergency measures', why don't you have atomic energy measures?' This is a very important thing, why didn't you do it! I said, 'The three powers, the matter of atomic energy, is to develop the atomic bomb.' This is the country's most top-secret event, and it is a major event that Chairman Mao asked! In addition, it is necessary to engage in top-secret separate planning. At that time, he was most concerned about wanting to transfer some people from the Academy of Sciences, for fear that we would not pay attention to them and would not be willing to give them to them. I said, 'As long as we can do it, we will support you as much as possible, and your atomic energy research is the central task, the first task, and it is more important than the 'four emergency measures.'" The 'Four Emergency Measures' are for you! When I said this, he said, 'I understand, I understand.' From the positioning of "the most top-secret major event of the country is the major event that Chairman Mao asked", it can be seen that Song Renqiang's spicy spirit as a native of Liuyang and the grasp and improvement of rigorous scientific and technological thinking in making fireworks are his dreams of survival and daring to think and dare to do.
Commander-in-Chief Zhu De came.
And where did General Song Renqiang's own unique abilities and abilities come from? The combination of China's excellent traditional culture and Marxism is one thing, and proceeding from reality and seeking truth from facts is the other. Listening to Mao Zedong's words is one thing, and being educated by the party is one thing; The practice of long-term revolutionary war is one thing, and learning from the masses and being supervised by the masses is another. It is conceivable that there is such a high-tech string in my mind at all times, and the accumulated knowledge and dream of a strong country in my hometown since I was a child is also an extremely important basic aspect...... In terms of so many preferred methods, it is only the main salient point of Song Renqiang's ability to absorb knowledge and ability in the process of dealing with gunpowder weapons after decades of war career. Whether it is the atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, neutron bomb, or missiles, rockets, and satellites for space flight, one of their most high-tech basic materials, one of the key technologies to ensure success, and one of the interdisciplinary special scientific research progress, are not all inseparable from the basic principles of firecracker gunpowder, applied gunpowder and gunpowder raw material proportioning application, and even the control of high-energy explosives, as well as the development and innovation of high-energy fuels? Gunpowder and fireworks are the ancestors of atomic bombs, nuclear weapons, and missile rockets. Engels pointed out that "it has now been established beyond any doubt that gunpowder was transmitted from China to the Arabs, and from the Arabs to Europe through Spain along with gunpowder weapons." "The relationship between gunpowder and fireworks is the correspondence between raw materials and finished products. Specifically, gunpowder is a necessary raw material for making fireworks, and fireworks cannot be made without gunpowder. Therefore, it can be said that gunpowder is the starting point or basic raw material for the production of fireworks. By analogy, "the most important issue in the development of the atomic bomb is the refining of enriched uranium, and the content of the natural uranium isotope 235 that can be proposed in the ore is only a few thousandths." In addition, the refining of uranium is also important. Therefore, the task of scientific research in chemistry is very heavy...... The third is high-energy explosives. How do you detonate an atomic bomb? A detonating device is required. Ordinary explosives are not good, high-energy explosives are required. …… Qian Xuesen pointed out that the main thing to do when it comes to developing missiles depends on what kind of fuel your rocket uses, and the fuel of your rocket is very important. Qian Xuesen said that it is necessary to develop new high-energy fuels. The Academy of Sciences should focus its scientific research on developing its own high-energy fuel, so that rockets can be made big and shoot far. —Excerpt from Zhang Jinfu's article. The basic principle of the explosion of the atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, and neutron bomb should have the most primitive similarity with the basic principle of the Liuyang flower cannon! Whether it's a linear answer, or a non-linear answer, yes. It's just that the basic raw materials and application technologies used in ancient and modern times have been qualitatively improved. The original scientific and technological principles of enriched uranium refining and high-energy explosives and high-energy fuels are all derived from the basic principles of gunpowder production in ancient Chinese fireworks. In the mid-50s of the last century, I am afraid that no one was like Song Renqiang, the founding general, who played since he was a child, and the scientific application technology that their whole family relied on for generations to survive was not one of the principles and technologies for the manufacture of gunpowder explosion and fuel materials (enriched uranium refining, high-energy explosives, liquid fuel, and solid fuel) that the "two bombs and one satellite" were the most primitive and key gunpowder explosions and fuel materials (enriched uranium refining, high-energy explosives, liquid fuels, and solid fuels). Isn't it just the installation of a modern "fuse" system (detonation device) on the high-energy explosives of an atomic bomb to make it explode?
Think about it: the smoke of war, the firing of guns, the ignition of fireworks, the detonation of nuclear bombs.
Song Renqiang grew up in Liuyang, a hot land with a history of 1,400 years of fireworks manufacturing, and used his own hands to produce and manufacture, and used gunpowder combustion and explosion technology to launch all kinds of fireworks and fireworks. Especially in his memories, during the Jinggangshan period in 1929, he also worked as a fuse for half a year. But don't underestimate the fuse, this is the high-tech of fireworks and fireworks; The ignition wire has extremely high requirements for the combusticity and explosiveness of gunpowder, which is a historic innovation of Chinese gunpowder for hundreds of years.
That's a kind of childlike fun,
That's a kind of survival,
That's a kind of future,
That's a dream!
Song Renqiang's innate cultural genes will inspire positive and courageous practical activities to undertake the scientific research and production leaders of the China Atomic Energy Division.
Song Lao who lives to be old, learns to be old, and practices to be old.
In 1956, Comrade Zhang Jinfu, who served as secretary of the party group and vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and presided over the daily work of the whole academy, wrote an article on May 5, 1999 that had a great impact on the party and the country's selection of the two bombs and one star meritorious service medal. In the article, Song Renqiang was officially called "Brother Song" twice: "Song Renqiang went to the Academy of Sciences to move troops in order to develop the atomic bomb, and the Central Committee specially set up the Second Machine Department, and Song Renqiang served as the minister. One day after I came to work at the Academy of Sciences, Brother Song called and said that he wanted to visit me at my house. For the sake of the convenience of work, the central authorities decided to hand over the reorganization of the institute to the Second Machinery Department, but it was still called the Atomic Energy Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the outside world, and it was nominally under the dual leadership of the Academy of Sciences and the Second Machinery Department. This is the official article we can see in the articles published in the main central media, in which the old revolutionary officially refers to Song Renqiang as "Brother Song".
Zhang Jinfu
"Brother Song" is another highly respected title of Song Renqiang. It can also be said to be one of his nicknames. The origin of the title "Brother Song" is impossible to investigate. But it is certain that he began with the war years, and that it came naturally through the war years. It is very likely that it began gradually during the Jinggangshan Struggle when the young Song Renqiang was serving in Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuobu. In particular, he was both a political work cadre and a political and cultural teacher (Mr.), and was also elected by the soldiers to serve as the chairman of the company and battalion soldiers' committees, and got along with the officers and soldiers who were born as guests day and night. Later, he went to the Red Fifth Army Corps, which had just revolted, to serve as the political commissar of the division, and gave party lessons to the commanders and fighters of the Red Army. The old Jinggang Red Army is a "good man in the green forest", and he is happy to be kind to those who have been kind to them, those who have helped them, the people they admire, and those who have been their husbands and teachers. After a lapse of 59 years, when Song Renqiang returned to Jinggangshan in May 1988, he specially visited the descendants of the two martyrs, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo, shook hands with them cordially, and had a warm conversation.
In May 1988, Song Ren Poor Jinggangshan shook hands cordially with Wang Zuo's son.
However, no one would have thought that as the first minister of China's Ministry of Nuclear Industry, "Brother Song" would be poor and difficult! To build an atomic bomb, starting from nothing, it must be poor and difficult to do a good job in China's nuclear industry, which is bigger and stronger! The first is to solve the problem of poverty. Where is the poverty? The poor are not enough to supply uranium ore raw materials for research and development. And for the sake of the strength of the motherland, the more things that make people look at them, the more they must explore and uncover their mysteries. However, the difficulty of Song Renqiang and his comrades-in-arms and colleagues in the atomic bomb development and production department was that they had to solve the problem of poor raw materials and the difficulty of research and manufacturing after finding sufficient uranium ore resources on the basic gunpowder principle of Liuyang firecracker manufacturing. In order to continue to carry out unlimited scientific and technological development, leapfrog amplification and innovation of the principle of nuclear explosives! Principle, only principle, is the most basic scientific and technological principle discovery and innovation. Every time a new principle is discovered and solved, technology will be taken to the next level. Nuclear explosives are not ordinary gunpowder explosives. Rather, it is a high-energy substance containing fissionable nuclides or fusion nuclides, which can release a large amount of energy in an instant, resulting in an explosion. The main nuclides used in the manufacture of nuclear explosives are new mineral materials such as uranium-235, plutonium-239, deuterium, and tritium. When they are used as nuclear fuels for the energy industry, they must release energy in a controlled and stable and uniform manner in the reactor; When used as a nuclear explosive, the energy must be released in a very short moment (on the order of less than microseconds) to achieve a nuclear explosion. In other words, the basic materials of nuclear explosives are required to build an atomic bomb. The basic materials of nuclear explosives include glaze 235 and other newly discovered mineral materials in the century. The discovery of such basic materials and the development of atomic bombs are two different types of scientific and technological problems, and they are also two different types of scientific and technological stages, which require different groups of people to operate, find, develop, and produce. This is the work of laying the foundation purely, just like building a building, building a high-tech building, only the better the high-tech foundation is laid, the higher and more spectacular the floor of the nuclear science and technology will be built. If there is no foundation, no kind of building or house can be built. This is the importance, necessity, and urgency of China's nuclear bomb research and development foundation faced by the Ministry of Nuclear Industry under the leadership of Minister Song Renqiang. What is the foundation, it is necessary to solve the problem of what is the foundation. It can be said that the discovery of uranium materials to solve uranium materials is the most basic problem, and the discovery of nuclear principles to solve the principles of nuclear weapons development is also the most basic problem. The fundamental link of geological uranium prospecting is to solve the most basic problem of uranium materials. The fundamental link in scientific research is to solve the most basic problem of the principle of nuclear weapons development. Those who have fought have fought wars, but those who have fought have not necessarily engaged in high technology. In particular, it is necessary to face the basic problems of raw materials and scientific and technological principles at the basic level of nuclear science and technology. At this moment, laying a good foundation is a top priority, and it is a major event that is more difficult, standing up to the sky, and milestones in scientific and technological development. Starting from scratch, we must do these things well and solve the poor and difficult problems perfectly. To put it simply, during his tenure as the leader of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, Song Renqiang solved the problems of poor and difficult entry foundation in three largest, most advanced, and most basic realities.
First, the first need to solve the problem of poverty and hardship is to have people.
It is necessary to mobilize troops and gather the administrative and technical personnel who will make the atomic bomb, and especially the scientists and workers who can be leaders in science and technology in all aspects.
There are professionals who have conducted specialized research on the team of personnel selected by Mao Zedong to study the manufacture of atomic bombs: the most important part of them are nuclear physicists.
At that time, Mao Zedong decided to devote all the country's efforts to the development of the atomic bomb to the development of all outstanding nuclear physicists in the country. It can be seen that Mao Zedong really made a great determination.
Another very important part of the contingent of cadres dispatched by Mao Zedong is the officers of the armed forces who have rich experience in war command and in ideological and political work; after they arrived at the front line of research and development, they have infected and inspired the vast number of research and development personnel with high revolutionary enthusiasm, the spirit of struggle and hard work, and superb organizational and coordination ability, and have become the main organizational leaders of research and development and production and base construction.
Song Renqiang was the first senior general.
Mao Zedong also dispatched a number of actual combat troops to form a separate formation and form the first batch of nuclear armed forces in New China. In the process of development, they were not only responsible for safeguarding, defending, and guarding secrets, but also responsible for construction, testing, and launching, and were the basic contingent for the development and testing of the first atomic bomb in New China.
The central authorities attach great importance to the creation of the atomic energy industry, and during the period related to Song Renqiang's presiding over the "Second Machinery Department," three circular documents were issued successively to transfer professional technical and management cadres and outstanding technical workers to the atomic energy industry.
In April 1956, the Central Committee issued the first document, mainly for the Atomic Energy Research Institute and the uranium geological team to transfer cadres and workers, followed by in October, for the establishment of the Third Machinery Department (later changed to the Second Machinery Department) to transfer cadres. The state has transferred nearly 20,000 people from 37 departments and 15 provinces, municipalities (autonomous regions), including 500 radio communication troops from the volunteer army, to be assigned to geological exploration teams. In January 1958, 215 cadres were transferred to seven units, including three factories and engineering design institutes in Northwest China.
In September 1958, the second document issued by the Central Committee mainly focused on uranium enrichment, reactors, uranium components, nuclear weapons production, uranium water metallurgy and three uranium mines, as well as supporting related units, and successively transferred professional technical and management cadres and skilled workers, with a total of 16,899 people, including 11,028 skilled workers.
In March 1960, the central government issued the third document, urgently transferring a group of middle and high-level scientific and technological backbones for the atomic energy industry to prevent the former Soviet Union from interrupting aid and speeding up the pace of research and development. During the critical period of the development of the atomic bomb, in December 1962, 126 middle- and high-level engineers and technicians were dispatched from Shanghai, Changchun, Anshan, and other places to the nuclear weapons research and development base day and night. In addition, through the Ministry of Education, more than 100 Chinese students studying in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe were selected to change their majors in atomic energy science and technology. More than 200 senior students with similar majors were selected and transferred to Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Lanzhou University to study atomic energy science and technology, and quickly formed a team of young nuclear science and technology professionals. Academician Peng Shilu, the first chief designer of the mainland's nuclear submarine, is one of the representative figures. (Note, tens of thousands of previous college graduates, technical school graduates and recruited employees are not counted)
Elites from all walks of life, who were transferred from all parts of the country, soon formed a strong collective that united and fought and made great contributions to the development of the first atomic bomb in New China.
In order to implement the spirit of the major decisions of Mao Zedong and the Party Central Committee, Zhang Jinfu once again called "Brother Song" and recalled: "Brother Song patronized the Humble House to talk about how the Academy of Sciences supports and helps the Second Machinery Department. He held my hand tightly and said, 'This is so important, Jinfu, you need to help!' I also hope that they will support other departments, mainly relying on the Academy of Sciences! I said, "No problem." This is the task of the Central Committee, the task of the state, and the task of the Academy of Sciences. ”
From left: Liu Jie, Liu Wei, Vice Minister of the Second Aircraft Department, Song Renqiang, Minister of the Second Aircraft, Soviet experts, Vice Premier Chen Yi, Soviet experts, female translators, and three strong people on the right.
In the memories of Song Renqiang and Zhang Jinfu, they coincidentally mentioned the names of many managers, scientists, and leaders of workers. Song Renqiang recalled: From 1956 onwards, "at that time, there were few people in the organs of the Third Machinery Department, and the deputy ministers were Liu Jie, Liu Wei, Lei Rongtian, Qian Sanqiang, and later Yuan Chenglong...... Chairman Mao has personally cared for and instructed more than once...... In terms of geology, it was a Sino-Soviet joint venture at the beginning, and two people from each side formed a Sino-Soviet committee, with Liu Jie as the chairman in the first round and Gao Zhiqi as the member. Gao Zhiqi was originally a professor at Peking University, a geological expert, who did a lot of work and played an important role in the creation of uranium geology, and later ...... The governments of China and the Soviet Union agreed that the Sino-Soviet joint venture would be changed to the Soviet Union's provision of technical assistance, and China would operate independently. Comrade Lei Rongtian presided over the establishment of six regional geological exploration teams in Shanxi, Sichuan, Liaoning, and Jiangxi, together with Hunan and Xinjiang, covering most of the country. This passage of reminiscences basically clarifies the list of group leaders of the early administrators, and the resume of each leading comrade of the ministry is also basically introduced. On January 8, 1958, with General Li Jue as the director and Wu Jilin and Guo Yinghui as the deputy directors, the Ninth Bureau, the Ninth Institute, and the Ninth Academy were added as the most important nuclear scientific research institutions with the same nine-character prefix, which "is the most important bureau of the Second Machinery Department" (On October 10, 1958, the Ninth Bureau was renamed the Beijing Ninth Research Institute. Later, it was expanded to Qinghai 221, Sichuan 902, and Sichuan 903, and its names were also changed several times to the Beijing Ninth Research Institute, the Ninth Research and Design Institute, the Ninth Research Institute of the People's Liberation Army, the Ninth Research Institute of the Nuclear Industry, and the China Academy of Engineering Physics. ）
On January 8, 1958, the Party Group of the Third Ministry of Machinery Industry decided to establish the Ninth Bureau.
Previously, the 14th Bureau was also set up to prepare for the construction of reactors and reprocessing plants, with Zhou Zhi as the director, and the director was the future director of the plant (Plant 404); The 15th Bureau was set up to prepare for the construction of the uranium enrichment plant, with Wang Jiefu as the director, and the director was also the future director of the plant (504 plant...... From the list of the backbone members of the leading group of administrative managers, we can see that the party Central Committee at that time had basically the same decision on the appointment of important leading cadres in the two major industrial sectors of the "two bombs and one satellite." The main administrative personnel of China's atomic energy industry are military cadres who came from the war years and have a certain cultural and intellectual background. This also includes Song Renqiang and Zhang Jinfu, two major leaders from the people's army. Moreover, the leading body is a combination of military commanders, local cadres, and scientists. At the same time, we can also conclude from the overall recollection that China's atomic energy industry is composed of three armed forces of the nuclear industry. The three armed forces of the nuclear industry refer to the heavy weight of military personnel in the administrative leadership, as well as the army of scientists and technicians, and a large number of down-to-earth workers and masters sitting in various bases. In addition, based on a lot of information, it can be seen that the short and concise leadership group of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, which was first established in China, has a clear and clear division of labor, and it will never drag its feet. Minister Song will use himself and spend a lot of time running the uranium mining base across the country; He is also very good at using members of his leadership team. Executive Deputy Minister Liu Jie cooperated with Minister Song to grasp the general and preside over the daily overall work, and he appeared in all aspects, which was very conducive to Minister Song running uranium mines and other grassroots below; Liu Wei was first responsible for the construction of the Beijing Tuoli base, the first nuclear scientific research start-up base in the nuclear industry, grasping a bunch of Soviet aid, and then in charge of capital construction and material supply; Lei Rongtian was responsible for the contact with the Soviet Union and the construction of uranium mining bases throughout the country; Qian Sanqiang is responsible for very specific communication with the Chinese Academy of Sciences on key tasks, scientific research and production, personnel transfers, etc.; Yuan Chenglong, who came to the ministry a little later, was in charge of the production tasks of various bases, grasped the self-reliance of the nuclear fuel system, passed the technical barrier, and grasped the deeper, more detailed, and more effective work, and ranked high in the leading group of the ministry. Moreover, Song Renqiang has a regular embodiment of the use of cadres in the field of high technology, attaches great importance to the administrative and management cadres who grasp specific scientific research and production in the first line, and is good at selecting deputy ministers from among the "thugs" who grasp scientific research and production in the first line, and all of them have been shown during his tenure as ministers Liu Jie and Liu Wei, who took over as ministers after leaving the Second Machinery Department, and Zheng Tianxiang, who took over as ministers after the departure of the Seventh Machinery Department. For example, Li Jue, Wang Jiefu, Zhou Zhi, Zhang Pixu, Zhao Jingpu, and Diao Yunshou, who had held major positions in the first-line base of the Second Aircraft Department, were all promoted to vice ministers. Eighteen years later, when he left the Seventh Machine Department for only 15 days, Lin Shuang and Zhang Sickaxe, who had been on the front line of the Seventh Machine Department for about 20 years, were selected as deputy ministers. This shows that Minister Song is paying more and more attention to front-line cadres.
The three armies are unified,
Talent under your command.
After gathering a team of smart and capable administrators, it is time to find leaders in science and technology and production and processing. This becomes the most important task. In order to complete these important tasks and produce results as soon as possible, the second machine department is the mainstay, the Chinese Academy of Sciences closely cooperates, and all departments actively assist, "grafting" to quickly establish its own scientific and technological team; All scientific and technological personnel, workers and masters have made selfless dedication. Song Renqiang and Zhang Jinfu successively recalled, as well as the scientists and scientific and technological personnel who recalled: Qian Sanqiang, Zhao Zhongyao, Wang Ganchang, Peng Huanwu, He Zehui, Zhu Guangya, Deng Jiaxian, Chen Nengkuan, Wang Chengshu, Zhang Peilin, Wang Daheng, Wu Ziliang, Huang Zuqia, Yu Min, Zhou Guangzhao, Lin Lanying, Wang Shouwu, Wang Shoujue, and other famous scientists, as well as Liu Shaoqi's son Liu Yunbin, Peng Shilu, the son of Peng, and Li Siguang's daughter Li Ning. Yang Qingnian, the factory director who was born as a worker, and Gu Zikai, the chief engineer of the factory...... Of course, a considerable number of scientists came to work in the Great Northwest Research Base that Minister Song had already built for them after he left the Second Aircraft Department. Each of these bases has the power to influence, innovate, and create talent, talent, and results. Yang Chengzong, who returned from studying in France at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yang Chengzhong, who returned from studying in United Kingdom, called them "Fa Yang" and "Ying Yang" respectively in order to distinguish the two scientists. "'Faryan' was engaged in radiochemistry, which was very important at that time. Our most important measure is to transfer Yang Chengzong and a group of other scientists to the atomic energy reactor of the Atomic Energy Institute. 'Yingyang' Yang Chengzhong stayed at the Lanzhou Institute of Modern Physics of the Academy of Sciences to cooperate with the work of the Institute of Atomic Energy. and Wang Dexi, a chemist who was transferred from the university, also went to the Second Aircraft Department......" Zhang Jinfu also recalled the process of being deployed as a scientist: "It is necessary to set up a nuclear weapons research institute (later the Ninth Academy) to engage in design. In addition, those who also need to work on electron microscopes must have their instruments greatly strengthened in order to undertake the task of developing atomic bombs. At that time, the Academy of Sciences only had Li Siguang's daughter Li Lin who engaged in electron microscopy. Sanqiang said: "I want to transfer Li Lin. At that time, Li Lin was at the Shanghai Institute of Metallurgical Ceramics and mastered an electron microscope. I said Li Lin, I can give it to you, and I will train another person to engage in electron microscopy, and I will serve you first. The problem is that I still have to do her family work well, otherwise it will be bad for the couple to separate. Sanqiang also asked Comrade Deng Jiaxian, the academic secretary of the Academy of Sciences, to go, and later Comrade Jiaxian played a great role in the development of the atomic and hydrogen bombs. In addition, Wang Rong, editor of the journal of the Academy of Sciences, went to Peng Huanwu of the theoretical group of the Institute of Atomic Energy to conduct theoretical research in nuclear physics, and transferred Wang Chengshu to the Second Machinery Department.
Group photo of the site after the first atomic bomb test in 1964.
Sanqiang said that I still want some people, the most important thing is Zhang Peilin, the deputy director of the Shenyang Metal Institute, and I also agree that he will bring a group of people. Zhang Peilin's credit is for turning uranium into metal. Uranium fluoride turned out to be a gas. It takes a lot of work to turn it into a reactor element, which is undertaken by Shenyang Metal; Zhang Peilin had a research on zirconium metal, and he later became a chief engineer. I said to the top three at the time, you have a task to let us each take on as much as possible. "Sanqiang later came to me and said that scientific research tasks also require a lot of instruments, especially optical instruments, such as high-speed photography, and some people from the Academy of Sciences are also transferred. I said that this issue should be discussed with Mr. Wang Daheng of Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics, who is the director. Later, it was decided to let Gong Zutong, deputy director, bring a group of scientific and technological personnel to Xi'an to establish the Xi'an Optical and Mechanical Branch, mainly to serve the work of the Second Machinery Department. Because many working units of the Second Machinery Department are in the northwest area, it is more convenient to put forward what instruments are needed for Xi'an Institute of Optics and Mechanics to research and manufacture. Later, several optical-mechanical branches were set up throughout the country, which played a great role in the successful development of the "two bombs and one satellite...... "I invited many veteran workers from Minister Lu Zhengcao of the Ministry of Railways, which was very good. We don't have the equipment we need to do it ourselves. It is necessary to establish a research laboratory and develop equipment. In addition, there are many non-standard equipment, and scientific researchers design drawings and let the factory do it. I held a special meeting of old workers in Zhongguancun, Beijing, and I said that you are gold craftsmanship, hands are gold, and you can make a lot of good things! The old workers were very happy to hear this. In addition, thousands of skilled soldiers were selected as workers from among the demobilized soldiers of the technical arms of the army, and they played a great role...... "There is a worker named Yang Qingnian who is the director of the factory, and he is very capable. He not only cooperated with the research laboratory to develop fluorine oil, but also produced it in his factory to ensure the supply. Gu Zikai, the chief engineer of this plant, also contributed...... "One is the Metallurgical Institute, with Wu Ziliang as the deputy director; …… At the Shanghai Metallurgical Institute, we concentrated our efforts on tackling this pass and engaged in "vacuum valves." As a result, this level has been broken! Conquer this project...... At this time, Song Renqiao was transferred away, and Comrade Liu Jie became the head of the Second Machine Department. As soon as he saw me, he clasped my hand tightly and said, 'Thank you!' My factory is ready to produce! This achievement won the grand prize after the successful atomic bombing. Fortunately, we have already carried out research on these, and it is Qian Sanqiang's topic, and it is very important to come up with the topic. As early as 1960, the Institute of Atomic Energy established the "Neutron Physics Leading Group", which was presided over by the director Qian Sanqiang, and organized Huang Zuqia and Yu Min to start basic research to prepare for the later development and production of hydrogen bombs. The development of the hydrogen bomb was mainly done by Yu Min, and the plan was proposed by Yu Min, and he also won the award, but the topic was proposed by Liu Jie after discussing with the three strong. After the atomic bomb exploded, it still had to build a hydrogen bomb, and China only had two years and eight months to go from the atomic bomb to the hydrogen bomb. The atomic bomb was exploded in 1964 and the hydrogen bomb in 1967. Some people always think that Sanqiang himself did not participate in specific research work, but I think that if he did not do academic organization work, if he was not very expert in putting forward these plans and topics as early as possible, how would you catch up with and surpass others. Of course, the design of the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb mainly relied on the excellent work of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute of the Second Aircraft Department, so that the process of China's transition from the atomic bomb to the hydrogen bomb was also the shortest in the world. In addition to the atomic energy institute and several experts mentioned by the Institute of Atomic Energy transferred from the Academy of Sciences, there are also experts such as Zhu Guangya and Zhou Guangzhao who have been transferred from institutions of higher learning, and they have also made important contributions. ”
Zhu Guangya, Zhang Aiping
Zhang's memories even include the role of computers. He said that in the process of developing the atomic bomb, Qian Sanqiang "is most grateful for the computer provided by the Academy of Sciences, which has been of great help to the Second Aircraft Department." That's why I said at the time that without the 'four emergency measures' and the cooperation of those most important technologies, it would not have been possible to build an atomic bomb alone. Our Academy of Sciences successfully developed the first computer as early as August 1, 1958. If you want me to speak, I give it a phrase called 'there is' -- 'China has computers!'" 'The first computer was a tube, the lowest and most primitive, and it only did a few dozen calculations a second, but it finally got it. Then, we developed the second one, and in September 1959, the 104 machine came out, which was also an electron tube, 10,000 times per second, and it played a great role at that time, mainly serving the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute of the Second Aircraft Department. This institute, which later became the Ninth Academy, was engaged in design, and the amount of calculation was too large, and without this computer, it would not be possible to calculate it in a few years. After a while, the second generation of computers came out, transistors, and the semiconductors of the Academy of Sciences. Lin Lanying, who returned from United States to engage in semiconductor materials, and two brothers, scientist Wang Shouwu and engineer Wang Shoujue, are their work. The second-generation computer, hundreds of thousands of operations per second, contributed to the development of the hydrogen bomb. Speaking of the role of computers in the cause of "two bombs and one satellite," the author has deep feelings. Because in the early 80s, the author served as the deputy leader and team leader of the engineering team of the second-generation 109C large-scale transistor computer manufactured by the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in August 1967, responsible for maintenance work, and worked day and night for nearly five years. This large-scale computer was originally scheduled to have a life span of 10 years, and all the large-scale computing tasks of the "three grasping tasks" were completed by this machine, and comrades from the Second Computer Department and the Ninth Academy often came to calculate problems, and each time the time was as long as one night. The aircraft has been in service for an extended period of time, with an average annual running time of more than 8,000 hours, and has won the first annual operation time award of the country for the second time, and is known as the "two bombs and one star" meritorious aircraft. The joys and sorrows, roles and results are still clear. Minister Song was willing to ask questions without shame, and whenever he had the opportunity, he would go to the research room to make friends with the scientific researchers, ask questions, and ask questions to understand. Minister Song went to the Institute of Atomic Energy, went deep into the research laboratories to investigate and study, and when he met Peng Pai's son Peng Shilu, he first asked him about the living situation at home, and then turned to the characteristics of nuclear submarines, the advantages of submarine nuclear power, as well as the basic principles of nuclear reactors, the types of reactors, the general structure, the technical difficulties, the development of foreign countries and the degree of domestic research progress. Minister Song's office has a periodic table hanging for easy memorization. In order to communicate directly with Soviet specialists, he also taught himself Russian. Soon, Song Renqiao himself changed from an amateur to an insider, and he was able to talk to researchers about technical issues. Around 1958, it was a period of endless movements of all kinds, and the scientific research work of the Second Machinery Department was inevitably affected. In order to gain time and speed up the construction progress, Song Renqiang and others discussed and decided that the main engineering and technical personnel, operators, maintenance personnel, and infrastructure personnel could not participate in the rectification movement. Song Renqiang also greeted the following: It is necessary to grasp the sense of proportion and not affect the capital construction. When the rightists were to be designated, the list was reported to Song Renqiang, but Song Renqiang did not agree and did not allow the scope of the attack to be expanded. Therefore, Zhou En said: "When Song Renqiao is here, the second machine department will not be chaotic. ”
Song Lao and the experts, Peng Shilu.
On page 303 of his memoirs, under the subheading "Outstanding Leaders and the Masses Work Together Is the Fundamental Guarantee for the Success of the Mainland's Nuclear Undertaking," the veteran minister Song Renqiang gave a clear and accurate evaluation of the administrators, scientists, technicians, and workers of the Second Machinery Department: "I have worked in the Second Machinery Department for several years, and I deeply feel that the quality of the contingent of the Second Machinery Department is good, and most of the party and government leading cadres are veteran cadres who participated in the revolution during the war years, and they are infinitely loyal to the party's cause. Learning from the revolutionary tradition of war and learning by doing things has increased their leadership ability in the course of practice, and some people have become very expert leaders, and outstanding leaders have fulfilled various construction and development tasks. "There are a number of veteran scientists and experts in the scientific and technological contingent, who love the motherland and socialism, are knowledgeable and experienced, and have played an important role in some major technical issues. There is also a group of young scientific and technological personnel, who have both ability and political integrity, are in the prime of life, have quick thinking, and are active in their work, and are the backbone of various fields, and have made outstanding contributions to tackling key scientific and technological problems and engineering construction. "The ranks of workers are also strictly selected, not only with good political quality, but also mostly from party members; Moreover, the technical quality is also good, and many people have superb skills and solve many processing technology problems. All these fundamentally guarantee the victory and success of our cause. "When Song Renqiao was in the Second Machine Department, from the beginning to the departure, there was no independent office for five years, and he always shared an office with Vice Minister Liu Jie, and the area of the office was not large. This all reflects Song Renqiang's extremely noble character. Song Lao is like a gold brick of the party and the country, where it is needed, it will be moved; He is also like a commando captain, as long as the party and the country need him, he will rush to the forefront without hesitation, and overcome all difficulties and obstacles that stand in the way of the future with a realistic and steady work style, and sing the triumphant song of victory. On 18 September 1999, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission decided to commend 23 scientific and technological experts who had made outstanding contributions to the development of the "two bombs and one satellite" that year, and to award the "Two Bombs and One Star Meritorious Service Medal" to Yu Min, Wang Daheng, Wang Xiji, Zhu Guangya, Sun Jiadong, Ren Xinmin, Wu Ziliang, Chen Fangyun, Chen Nengkuan, Yang Jiaqi, Zhou Guangzhao, Qian Xuesen, Tu Shouye, Huang Weilu, Cheng Kaijia, and Peng Huanwu, and posthumously awarded the "Two Bombs and One Star Meritorious Service Medal" to Wang Ganchang, Deng Jiaxian, Zhao Jiuzhang, Yao Tongbin, Qian Ji, Qian Sanqiang, and Guo Yonghuai Two bombs and one star meritorious service medal" (the above rankings are in alphabetical order of the strokes of the surname).
23 winners of the "Two Bombs and One Star Meritorious Service Medal".
Second, the second need to solve the problem of poverty and hardship is to have things.
It is necessary to search for treasures and make every effort to find uranium deposits, a rare high-grade new material for the development and production of atomic bombs. It has been calculated that it takes about 3,000 tons of high-quality uranium ore to make an atomic bomb. On page 286 of "Memoirs of Song Renqiang", it is recalled: "After I became minister, I devoted a lot of energy to geological work, and I went to almost all the places where uranium ore geological exploration was conducted. At that time, I was not very old, less than 50 years old, and I lived in tents with cadres and workers in winter and summer, ate and lived together, and learned geological prospecting knowledge from them. The working conditions of geological prospecting are very difficult, often haunting the deep mountains and dense forests, climbing mountains and wading through waters, and sleeping in the open. However, the vast number of geological science and technology personnel and workers know that they are prospecting for the establishment and development of the motherland's atomic energy industry, and a sense of historical mission, responsibility, and glory has encouraged everyone to take hardship as pleasure and hardship as pride, and work selflessly without regard for themselves. The results soon opened the way for work, with the discovery of a large number of radioactive anomalies, and in 1958 the first industrial reserves of uranium ore were officially made available to the state after uncovered exploration and industrial evaluation. Seeing this memory of the old-timers, my blood boiled and my thoughts fluctuated.
Prospecting for the establishment and development of the motherland's atomic energy industry.
It is difficult for us to know, and we can't count how Song Renqiang, the founding general who almost took off his military uniform, wore ordinary people's clothes, and how he rode the most ordinary trucks, boxcars, operation vehicles, and horse-drawn carriages with hundreds of thousands of troops in his profession, agency, geology, exploration, testing, provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Hike through the desert wasteland leading to the Keketuohai No. 3 Mine, the deep mountains and forests of the Guangdong-Guishan Mountains where the last South China tiger died out......
He's handsome,
He is the will,
He's the old squad leader,
He is a veteran soldier;
He is the minister,
He's a miner,
He's a buyer,
He is the "old mother".
Caring people,
Leader,
A beacon in the dark,
green leaves among flowers,
Foot in an open-pit mine,
In and out of the secluded mines.
The most robust years,
The most glorious years,
The most gorgeous dreams,
The noblest sentiments,
Hard working without complaint
Conscientious
Splash of love,
They have selflessly dedicated themselves to the motherland and the people.
Who would dare to say that he has been to every uranium mine and has been in and out of every uranium mine?
There are only a few people such as Minister Song Renqiao!
We seem to have witnessed with our own eyes how the founding father of the People's Republic of China, General Song Renqiang, took the lead in mingling with the masses, infected the vast number of geological science and technology personnel and workers with his own actions, and soon provided the country with uranium industrial reserves.
Minister Song went deep into the first line of the tunnel.
There are two widely circulated stories of "two refusals" in the uranium mine of Song Ren, one is the refusal to eat small stoves, and the other is the refusal to guard. In May 1956, after inspecting the work at the two uranium mines in Guangdong and Jiangxi, Song Renqiang took a train to Xujiadong Station in June and got off at the Xujiadong station, walked over the mountains and mountains to the Jinyinzhai uranium mine, and lived in tents with the workers. Everywhere Song Renqiao went, he talked to the workers and ate and lived together. When eating, I brought a bowl to the canteen and waited in a long line with the workers to buy food. There are two or three thousand workers in the mine who eat, and there is only a simple canteen, and they have to wait in line for more than 20 minutes to eat a meal. There was also a small canteen in the mine, which was the canteen of Soviet experts, and the mine leaders asked him to go to the Soviet experts to eat, but he refused. Considering safety issues, the mine leaders asked Captain Cai Wenming of the people's police team to arrange for a comrade to serve as a guard for Minister Song. Captain Cai took Yuan Dongcheng to find Minister Song, but he didn't expect to be rejected by him. Minister Song said to them: "You are very busy with your work, your task is to protect the Soviet experts, and at the same time to defend the few prospecting instruments that the Soviet Union gave us, which are very precious, those cutting-edge scientific instruments that no amount of money can buy, only the Soviet Union and the United States have them in the world, and it is more important than our lives." Then he said to the mine leaders: "I don't need guards, I am very safe here every day with the workers, the working class is the most reliable and greatest, and it is the main force in the construction of New China." They are fighting for the mainland's nuclear industry every day, and they are the loveliest people, and if you give me guards, I will distance myself from the masses. Later, he often encouraged everyone to take hardship as joy, take difficulty as pride, and work selflessly. During that period, Song Renqiang paid special attention to it: "The central government attaches great importance to the atomic energy industry, giving us the green light, asking people to give people, money to money, and things to things, and everything is given priority." But we are still cautious in our work. In the early stage of the formation of the contingent, we found that some grassroots cadres emphasized the special undertakings, kept secrets strict, did not respect the leadership of the local party committees and governments, were arrogant, and were unorganized; we seriously criticized this phenomenon, opposed specialization, and clearly stipulated that the work of all units should be reported to the principal leaders of the local party committees and governments for instructions, and that they should also maintain good relations with the local masses of the people, maintain a modest and prudent attitude, abide by discipline and law, and obey management. Based on these performances, he did something that is unimaginable today, as he had done since the war years.
What has been done since the war years is unimaginable today.
There is a sentence on page 292 of "Memoirs of Song Renqiang": "When I went on a business trip to Shaoguan, Guangdong, I did not ask the secretary of the prefectural party committee and directly reported the situation to the minister of industry of the prefectural party committee, and they attached great importance to it. The problem was solved smoothly. This passage is a real record of his work at that time. After inspecting the work at the Jinyinzhai uranium mine, Song Renqiang came to the Chenzhou Prefectural Committee and found Gao Zhaoxun, the minister of industry and transportation in charge of industry at that time. As soon as he met, he said to Gao Zhaoxun: "I'm here to report on work." Gao Zhaoxun was very surprised. Gao Zhaoxun said: "You are a member of the Central Committee and a minister of the Central Committee, and I am a small local minister, so I should report to you and inform me of anything to do." Song Renqiang said: "The units in our ministry work and produce with you, and they will be under the leadership of the local party committee, and of course I must report to the local party committee." Gao Zhaoxun said: "I brought the secretary of the prefectural party committee. Song Ren hurriedly stopped: "Don't alarm too many people, and don't tell the leaders of the prefectural party committee that I'm coming." Song Renqiang lived in a cadre dormitory of more than 10 square meters in the Chenzhou Prefectural Committee, and presided over a symposium of the heads of uranium mines in three provinces and three places in this small house. Gao Zhaoxun said: "Although our local committee is poor, there are still conference rooms, let's go to the conference room to open it." But Minister Song refused. When Minister Song left Chenzhou, he said bluntly: "I like to go around, I am a free man in Beijing, I can go anywhere, I can take the bus when I go out, I can directly hear the speeches of the common people, and the people of Beijing speak very straightforwardly, and we can hear some opinions of the masses from them." Two years later, in 1958, the state had accurate information about Jinyinzhai and decided to hand it over to Hunan No. 2 Mine for mining (later changed to 711 Mine). This year, Song Renqiao came to Jinyinzhai again. More than half a century has passed, when Gao Zhaoxun, a veteran of the Red Army, and the retired veteran comrades of the 309 uranium mine are together, everyone still can't help but often say that Comrade Ren Qiang is a good cadre of our party, and the story of Song Lao in Chenzhou has been passed down as a good story, so that the long-lost red original intention and the fine traditional style of the predecessors are vividly remembered.
The long-lost red original intention and fine traditional style.
There is also an old story about Song Renqiang, which tells an interesting story about Minister Song being woken up by uranium miners: one day at noon, Minister Song walked around the workers' dormitory. At that time, the mine was working in three shifts 24 hours a day, and when the workers went to work, he lay down and fell asleep on a worker's bed in a tent. It just so happened that this worker came back from work and was angry, what kind of person is this, why is he sleeping in my bed? Just woke him up, one person and one bunk, how do you sleep randomly? But I said it. How did he know that the elder he woke up and criticized was Minister Song. In 1958, an old comrade who worked in the Party Committee Office of the 11th Team of the 309th Central South Team once recalled the past when Minister Song was kind and approachable: At that time, the team headquarters was in Xiazhuang, Wengyuan, Guangdong. One day in September, Comrade Zhang Wen, secretary of the party committee of the team, said to him: "Minister Song Renqiang came to the team to inspect the work and went to Shaoguan this evening. You and the driver, Lao Li, will immediately go to the Shaoguan intersection to pick him up." After receiving the task, we rushed to the Shaoguan communication office that night to stay. Early the next morning, after breakfast, I inquired about the minister's residence. So I drove the car over, and saw a neatly dressed man in new shiny black leather shoes sitting on the sofa reading a newspaper in the living room. We gently pushed open the screen door and asked, "Is it Minister Song?" The man immediately put down the newspaper in his hand and asked which unit we belonged to? I replied that it was Team 11 that came to pick up Minister Song. As we were talking, an old man over half a hundred years old outside walked towards us unhurriedly. The man immediately said loudly: "Minister Song, Team 11 has sent a car!" "We knew we had the wrong person. The minister wears an old blue card machine cloth tunic, and cloth shoes on his feet, so he is not as good as this secretary! I hurriedly said to the minister: "The team sent us to pick you up, you have worked hard. The minister listened to my Hunan dialect and said to me with a smile: "It seems that we are still fellow villagers!" Why did your car come so early! Have you eaten? "When I heard that we had already eaten, he told us to sit down for a while and let the secretary quickly settle the bill, pack our bags, and get ready to go. When he was about to get on the bus, Wen Niansheng, deputy commander of the Guangzhou Military Region, who lived next door, leaders of the Shaoguan Prefectural Party Committee, and comrades of the Public Security Department of the Special Office all heard the news. Considering the safety of the minister, they decided to send a car to escort it. The minister politely declined, saying, "I'll go to my unit today, and they've already sent a car, so that's enough." There won't be any problems on the way, thank you for your concern." The minister got into the car and talked affectionately along the way. Ask me what my name is, how old I am, and what I do in Team 11. He also asked Li how old the driver was, how many years he had driven, how far he had traveled to Wengyuan, and which counties he had to pass through. When passing by Nanhua Temple, the minister happily asked the driver to stop and visit. Nanhua Temple is one of the four famous temples in Guangdong, with a long history, the ancient trees reach to the sky, there is a bell in the temple, which is placed on the top of the pagoda. The minister climbed to the top of the pagoda dozens of meters high with great interest, carefully looked at the ancient bell, and took the initiative to talk with the monks in the temple and ask them about their living conditions. At half past eleven o'clock in the morning, we arrived at the team headquarters safely and rested for a while, and Zhang Wen asked the minister to go to the Western food canteen open for Soviet experts to eat. Open a small stove just for me, how can I do something special! "At that time, there was a canteen in the team headquarters and the repair workshop, and thousands of people had to queue up to buy food. No matter how Zhang Wen explained, the minister must go to the big canteen, and I hurried to the canteen to bring two sets of dishes and chopsticks to relieve Zhang Wen. The minister took the dishes and chopsticks, smiled at Zhang Wen and said, "Now you hurry home and go to eat, leave us alone." I led the minister to the big canteen, saw a lot of people in line, and wanted to lead them to the canteen to eat, but he refused, insisting on lining up with a bowl. When the minister bought a meal and chose a table to sit down, the comrades around him were very restrained. The minister saw a young man at the same table with chili peppers in his bowl, and said with a smile: "Little ghost! Are you from Hunan? Give me a little chili. Seeing the minister so easy-going, the sense of restraint suddenly disappeared, and they started talking and laughing around. The main purpose of Minister Song's visit this time was to inspect the mass concept of the grassroots cadres in the geological system, that is, how to believe in the masses, rely on the masses, and let go and mobilize the masses to engage in socialist construction. In the evening, he first went to the home of the captain and secretary, and then went to see the staff dormitory and the collective dormitory. He looked very carefully at the dormitory. When he found that there were torn clothes and rotten socks piled up on the bedside of the single workers, some of whom had not yet been washed, he said to Zhang Wen: "You can organize your family members to help the workers sew and mend and wash their clothes, so that they can work in production with peace of mind, and their families can also get some income." Team 11 quickly organized the families and established the "Labor Service Team". Minister Song stayed in the 11th team for a total of four days, and he went to the team's three work areas, repair workshops, and uranium refineries. In the first work area, when he was going up the mountain, he met the workers leveling the apron, he rolled up the grapefruit, took the tools and started drying. Wengyuan Xiaozhai in the third work area has very good geological conditions, but the mountains are high and the forests are deep, and there is not even a decent path up the mountain. The team leader, considering the safety of the minister, did not want him to go, and he insisted on going. When he climbed the foggy mountain, covered in sweat, and held the hands of the workers tightly, everyone burst into tears of excitement. The comrades of the 11th team did not disappoint the ardent hopes of the minister. In the place he inspected, he broke through the shackles of traditional metallogenic theories and discovered granite-type uranium deposits for the first time, which was named the "Hope" deposit, and contributed to the country. Minister Song also made thoughtful and meticulous arrangements: "The comrades of the field geology team live deep in the mountains and old forests, and often do not see a newspaper for 10 days and half a month. After Song Renqiao arrived at the Second Machinery Department, he ran the geological team for many years, followed the geological team to find minerals, and often ate and lived in inaccessible fields and uninhabited areas, and could not listen to radio broadcasts. After returning to Beijing, Song Renqiang made an exception and called Lei Renmin, the first vice minister of foreign trade, and asked him to help buy a semiconductor radio that could listen to the radio in the field. Lei Renmin helped him buy a foreign-made semiconductor radio, which solved the difficulty of listening to radio in the field, and this was the only time he asked someone to buy something from Hong Kong. Later, after semiconductor radios could also be produced in China, Song Renqiang asked the ministry to buy a batch of semiconductor radios and distribute them to the geological teams working in the field to ensure that the geological teams could listen to radio broadcasts anytime and anywhere.
Meritorious uranium mine in 711.
Third, the third requirement for solving the problem of poverty and difficulty is to have a base.
It is necessary to set up camp and set up a base in a suitable place for scientific and technological personnel, workers, and masters to carry out the secret research and development, production, and manufacturing of the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb.
The construction of the overall R&D base first began with the leadership of Song Renqiang and the command of a bunch (reactor) and a device (accelerator).
Song Renqiang recalled: "In terms of scientific research, at that time, the construction of a bunch (reactor) and an instrument (accelerator) aided by the Soviet Union was mainly grasped, presided over by Comrade Liu Wei, in the southwest suburbs of Beijing, which started in May 1956 and was completed in July 1958. In order to gain time and fully grasp the technology of this reactor and accelerate the progress of speeding up construction, I discussed and decided with Liu Jie and other comrades that the main engineering and technical personnel, operators and maintenance personnel of the reactor and accelerator should participate in the installation of equipment; Personnel who participate in infrastructure activities as Party A may not participate in the rectification campaign that is being carried out at that time. ”
Zhang Jinfu recalled the serious cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: "First, I will hand over all the Atomic Energy Research Institute to you. In addition, all other research institutes of the Academy of Sciences that can undertake the research tasks of the Second Machine Department will be undertaken unconditionally; If the backbone is not enough, we still need to transfer some people, and we will find a way. For example, Deng Jia first studied physics, and after returning from studying in United States, he was the academic secretary of the Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences. Wu Youxun, vice president and director of the Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, relies on Deng Jiaxian to be responsible for the daily work, and I will give it to you if you want this comrade. ”
One pile (reactor) and one apparatus (accelerator) construction.
Song Renqiang said happily: "On September 27, 1958, a bunch of instruments were officially handed over for use, and a grand handover ceremony was held at the scene. The central government attaches great importance to it, Vice Premier Chen Yi cut the ribbon, Nie Shuai and Guo Moruo spoke, and more than 1,000 Chinese and foreign guests came. Since then, we have a comprehensive research base for atomic energy science and technology. The base was renamed the Institute of Atomic Energy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and is still under the dual leadership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Second Machine Department, with the Second Machine Department as the main director, and Qian Sanqiang as the director. The base brings together a group of scientific and technological talents, including famous scientists such as Zhao Zhongyao, Wang Ganchang, Peng Huanwu, He Zehui, and Zhu Guangya, as well as Liu Shaoqi's son Liu Yunbin, Peng Shilu's son Peng Shilu, and Li Siguang's daughter Li Ning, all working here. This base has played the role of an 'old hen' in the construction and development of the mainland's atomic energy undertakings, especially in the cultivation of key personnel in atomic energy science and technology. "With the "old hen", it will definitely "lay eggs". To "lay eggs", there must be a "nest", which must rely on capital construction, and "laying eggs" must be laid on the site of a pre-selected base. Beginning in the first half of 1957, the ministry's working group went to several northwestern provinces and selected many places, and finally reported to the central authorities for approval, and the uranium enrichment plant was set in Lanzhou, Gansu, the reactor and reprocessing plant were set in Jiuquan, Gansu, and the nuclear weapons research and development base was set in Haiyan County, Qinghai. This shows that Minister Song Renqiang has already taken precautions for the construction of the 14th Bureau Base (404 Factory, located in Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province), the 15th Bureau Base (504 Factory, located in the western suburbs of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province), especially the 221 Base (Jinyintan, Haiyan County, Qinghai Province). General Li Jue, then deputy commander and chief of staff of the Tibet Military Region, was named by Minister Song Renqiang and, with the approval of Zhou Enlai, appointed as the first director of the Ninth Bureau of the Second Machinery Department.
General Li Jue Li Jue was a founding general of college students who left Beiping after the 12·9 Movement and joined the Red Army. In June 1957, 21 years after he left Beiping, he returned to Beijing for the first time to serve in the Ninth Bureau, and there was an interesting episode. When he came down from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and was admitted to the hospital for examination and treatment as usual, Senior General Chen Geng, deputy chief of the general staff of the People's Liberation Army, came to see him and said with a smile: "We are ready to send you off." Li Jue felt inexplicable and asked, "Deputy Director, why do you want to send me off?" Where to send it? Aren't you going to send me to a nursing home for disabled soldiers? "The details, Minister Song Renqiang of the Second Machine Department will tell you." After speaking, Chen Geng smiled slyly at him, revealing a mysterious expression. After the "August 1st" Army Day, Song Renqiang said to Li Jue, who came to report: "I want you to work on the atomic bomb." When he heard that he was allowed to build an atomic bomb, Li Jue was surprised: "Where do I understand the atomic bomb?" Not only do I not understand, but I haven't even seen it, so how can I do it? Li Jue later recalled: At that time, I was shocked, did I hear it wrong, I have thrown grenades in the past, made artillery shells, and used flashlight bulbs and electric detonators. But I never thought of something as sophisticated as the atomic bomb. Song Renqiao was very simple: "You don't understand, and I don't understand; You haven't seen it, and I haven't seen it. In the past, during the war years, Chairman Mao taught us to learn war during the war, and we defeated Chiang Kai-shek and established New China. Today, we must study and develop the atomic bomb in the course of development. This episode shows that Minister Song Renqiao's appointment of General Li Jue was negotiated with Senior General Chen Geng of the Central Military Commission, and that he was also the common aspiration and necessary transfer procedures of all military personnel who were born in the early stage of the "two bombs and one satellite" undertaking and participated in and served as the administrative commander of the "two bombs and one satellite" cause.
China's first atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb.
General Li Jue once recalled the first three years of the passionate years of laying the foundation and building the base under the direct leadership of the party Central Committee and Song Renqiang: In the mid-to-late 50s, when the construction of the mainland's nuclear industry was in full swing, the development of nuclear weapons was put on the agenda of the party Central Committee and the State Council. The nuclear weapons research and development institutions (the Ninth Bureau and the 221 Base) were established in early 1958, and I had the honor to participate in and preside over this work for a long time and, together with my comrades, fulfilled the tasks assigned by the party and the people. On January 8, 1958, the Party Group of the Third Ministry of Machinery Industry decided to establish the Ninth Bureau. I am the director of the bureau, and Wu Jilin and Guo Yinghui are the deputy directors, and they are responsible for preparing for the construction of a design institute for the study of atomic bombs (codenamed Base 221), a factory for producing and assembling atomic bombs, a shooting range for testing atomic weapons, and a warehouse for storing atomic bombs. In the spring of 1958, I accompanied Minister Song Renqiang to report to the residence of Peng Dehuai, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and minister of national defense. Mr. Huang was very straightforward and immediately approved it. Since then, the General Staff Headquarters and later the National Defense Science and Technology Commission have been responsible for the deployment of equipment and scientific and technological forces for the two projects of the test site and the warehouse, and we have done our best to cooperate and support. In March of the same year, a concentrator group was formed. Because it is a top-secret military restricted area and occupies a large area, in addition to the general conditions such as water, electricity, and transportation, it must also be conducive to war preparedness and minimize immigration. These conditions are only possible in the northwest region, so a few places were initially delineated on the map, and then we went to the field. After several months of rushing, the leaders of the Second Machinery Department reviewed and reported to the central government for approval, and the site was preliminarily determined. Shortly thereafter, the party group approved the establishment of the Ninth Bureau. At the beginning of the establishment of the Ninth Bureau, several cadres were selected and transferred from the ministry organs, rented a few rooms in the Xiyuan Hotel, and began to consider the overall work in 1958. Several responsible persons in our bureau discussed whether it would be better for the testing site and warehouse to be managed by the high command or by the army. Song Renqiang, head of the Second Machinery Department, agreed with this opinion. The 221 base is selected in the Jinyin Beach of Qinghai, covering an area of more than 1,100 square kilometers, west of Qinghai Lake, which is a basin with abundant water and grass and rare human tracks, with an average altitude of 3,200 meters, high cold and hypoxia, and a very short frost-free period, and no railway and highway communication. It is very difficult to carry out construction in such a place. The party group of the Second Machinery Department is very concerned. The Qinghai Provincial CPC Committee was also very supportive, and appointed Vice Governor Xue Keming to take charge of the formation of a group attended by responsible persons of the Provincial People's Committee, the Planning Commission, the Public Security Department, and other relevant departments to assist in handling and resolving issues such as immigration, local building materials, living supplies, labor, and security. In order to facilitate my work, I was co-opted as a member of the Standing Committee of the Qinghai Provincial Party Committee. With the support of the Ministry of Construction Industry, some employees were selected from the Northwest Engineering Bureau and Lanzhou No. 9 Equipment Installation Company, plus thousands of young people from Henan Province supported by Qinghai Province, to form the 104 Construction Company and the 103 Installation Company, which were responsible for the construction of 221 and began construction in November 1958. The Ninth Bureau set up the 221 Preparatory Office to implement on-site leadership.
Qinghai Lake Jinyintan 221 base.
In June 1959, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union sent a letter stating that the Soviet Union would not give China all technical information on the development of the atomic bomb. On behalf of the CPC Central Committee, Premier Zhou gave clear instructions to ignore his approach and resolve to develop the atomic bomb himself. With the approval of the central authorities, we selected and transferred 105 high- and middle-level scientific and technological personnel from all over the country, as well as a large number of college graduates, graduate students, and international students, and set up four departments of theory, experiment, design, and production preparation at the No. 9 Institute in Beijing in May 1960, determined to use our own strength to carry out the development of the atomic bomb. Before 1 May, at a certain engineering test site in Huailai County, Hebei Province, the first shot of the detonation test was fired, and the arduous exploration began. After a period of exploration, according to the actual work, the establishment of 4 departments of the 9 Beijing Institutes was revoked and 9 rooms were formed, of which 6 rooms were respectively explored from theoretical physics, explosion physics, neutron physics, metal physics, automatic control, missile trajectory, etc., the academic secretary office did the coordination work, and the other two rooms served the 221 infrastructure. In order to strengthen the leadership of scientific research, at the beginning of 1961, the central authorities dispatched famous scientists Wang Ganchang, Peng Huanwu, and Guo Yonghuai to the Ninth Institute, and Zhu Guangya and Cheng Kaijia, who had arrived at the institute in advance, to each preside over a certain aspect of scientific research work. As a result, the organizational structure has been gradually improved, the personnel have been continuously enriched, and the scientific research work has first been carried out in an all-round way in Beijing. 221 infrastructure construction began to be very difficult, construction design and construction were carried out in the exploration, and three years of economic difficulties, 22 catties of mixed powder per person per month, a few dollars of oil, and no vegetables, many people got edema. The central government was very concerned about the 221 workers and transferred a batch of soybeans. Qinghai Province gave a batch of cattle and sheep. We also organized agricultural and sideline teams to hunt and fish, grow barley and potatoes, and asked our cadres to set an example. Zhao Jingpu (soldier), secretary of the party committee of the bureau, and other leaders of the bureau shared weal and woe with the workers, and finally overcame the difficulties, stood firm, and ushered in the improvement of the national economic situation in 1963.
The 221 infrastructure was very difficult at the beginning, and it encountered three years of economic difficulties.
Thanks to the patriotic spirit of winning glory for the country, the unity and cooperation of party and government cadres and scientific and technological personnel, and the close cooperation between units inside and outside the ministry, the scientific research of the nine institutes has progressed relatively smoothly. By the second half of 1962, the major technical difficulties of the implosion atomic bomb had been overcome one after another, and the neutron source had also clarified the main direction of attack. In September of the same year, Minister Liu Jie approached me and Wu Jilin to inquire about the situation of scientific research and the construction of the 221 infrastructure, and clearly instructed that the development of nuclear weapons should be accelerated, and the first atomic bomb explosion test should be carried out in 1964 or early 1965 at the latest. In accordance with Liu Jie's schedule requirements, we made detailed and careful arrangements for scientific research and infrastructure, and strived to conduct national experiments in the third quarter of 1964.
In November 1962, the CPC Central Committee established a 15-member Special Committee of the CPC Central Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Central Committee) chaired by Premier Zhou. Since then, the development and testing of nuclear weapons has been accelerated under the direct organization and leadership of the Central Special Committee. Under the organization of Zheng Hantao and Liu Boluo of the National Defense Industry Office, the construction teams of the Ministry of Construction Engineering, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, and the engineering corps went to the snowstorm plateau one after another, and the original construction forces were responsible for the construction tasks on the one hand. In order to fight the overall battle, the 221 infrastructure headquarters was established. In April 1963, the 221 project was fully started, and there was a spectacular rush to build on the Baili grassland. With the development of the construction of the 221 base, the scientific and technological personnel of the nine institutes and the leading organs of the bureau have been transferred here one after another, and one project has been completed and one has been put into use. At this time, 126 high- and middle-ranking scientific and technological cadres who had been transferred with the approval of the central authorities reported for duty one after another, and at the same time, a number of demobilized officers were selected and transferred to do party and government work at all levels. In order to meet the needs, the organization was adjusted, the establishment of nine institutes and 9 rooms was revoked, and 4 departments were restored, of which the production department, design department, and experimental department entered 221, which was formed into the 312 design branch, and the theory department was temporarily left in Beijing. At the same time, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Special Committee, with reference to the experience of the Daqing Oilfield, and under the leadership of the Qinghai Provincial Party Committee, the Qinghai Provincial Office in the Mining Area was established, and the departments of public security, procuratorate, law, commerce, grain, post and telecommunications, and banking were established and improved, and 221 became a public institution integrating government and enterprises.
221 infrastructure and scientific research are carried out intersectingly, facing tens of thousands of construction teams and scientific and technological teams, thousands of scientific and technological research and engineering projects, organization and leadership is a very complex system engineering. On February 25, 1964, the Party Committee of the Second Ministry of Aircraft approved the establishment of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute (Ninth Academy). On March 2, the Party Committee of the Second Machine Department approved the appointment of me as the president and the acting secretary of the Party Committee of the Academy.
Under the party's leadership, cadres at all levels have devoted themselves to their duties and responsibilities, scientific and technological personnel and workers have forgotten to sleep and eat, regardless of fame and fortune, and units have put others before others and united and cooperated with each other, thus ensuring that all work is carried out in an intense and orderly manner. At the end of 1963, a major victory was won in the successful neutron test of the global polymeric detonation, indicating that the last major hurdle had been overcome. Immediately after that, the structure of the atomic bomb device, the selection, testing, and production of important parts, and the preparation for thermal tests were carried out in a race against time.
Party and government cadres, scientific and technological personnel, and units inside and outside the ministry work closely together to tackle key scientific research problems in nine institutes, and tackle key problems in the original Gongpu 404 and 221 bases.
On June 6, 1964, the global detonation test was carried out in the 6th factory area of 221, and except for the substitutes for active materials, the others were real materials. This is a comprehensive examination of the theoretical and structural design of the first atomic bomb, the test team, and the test methods. As expected, the test was a complete success and the participants were delighted. In accordance with the structure of this test, two real products and one training bomb were developed.
After that, I went to the nuclear test site to take part in the work of the command center at the thermal test site, with Zhang Aiping, deputy commander-in-chief, Liu Xiyao as deputy commander-in-chief, Wu Jilin escorting products with the special train, Wang Ganchang, Peng Huanwu, Guo Yonghuai, Li Xin, Zhu Guangya, Chen Nengkuan, Deng Jiaxian, and Long Wenguang also went to the nuclear test site, each taking charge of one aspect of the work.
On October 14, 1964, the first atomic bomb was hoisted to the top of the 102-meter tower. On the morning of the 16th, after plugging in the detonator and connecting the power supply on the tower, I evacuated the explosion with everyone and waited for the arrival of "zero hour". At 15:15 on the 16th, the mushroom cloud rose up in the desert, and the experiment was successful, and the whole country was jubilant, which also caused a huge repercussion in the world.
Shortly after the successful test of the first atomic bomb, the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute made a comprehensive plan for the next step in the development of nuclear weapons, proposing to accelerate the weaponization of atomic bombs on the one hand, and to make breakthroughs in hydrogen bomb technology as soon as possible on the other. Premier Zhou presided over a meeting of the Central Special Committee to study and agree in principle to this plan. Since the development of the mainland's first atomic bomb was based on a relatively high level of technology and attention was paid to the issue of weaponization, the process of weaponization was relatively fast.
On May 14, 1965, the first aerial bomb was successfully tested in heat. On 27 October 1966, the full-range test of the "combination of two bombs" was successful. In accordance with the Central Special Committee's policy of "giving priority to two bombs and putting missiles first," a batch of warheads was produced and delivered to the troops in 1969. Since then, the mainland has possessed nuclear weapons that can be used in actual combat.
In October 1966, Li Jue (middle) took a group photo with the leaders of the base during the flight test of the "combination of two bombs".
General Li Jue's recollection of the "combination of two bombs" full-range test on October 27, 1966 was. The successful launch test, which is equivalent to using a gun to shoot a bullet, proves that China has a "gun" that can shoot atomic bombs.
"Combination of two bombs" full-range test, Wei Wenju.
The Jinyintan 221 base on the edge of Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province is China's first nuclear weapons development, production, and testing base personally selected and built under the leadership of Minister Song Renqiang. China's first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb were successfully developed. The completion of the 221 base has made an immortal contribution to China's nuclear industry, and is widely known as the cradle of China's nuclear industry development and the place where the Chinese nation stands up. On June 24, 1987, the General Office of the State Council and the General Office of the Central Military Commission jointly approved the withdrawal of the number. So far, the 221 Base, which has made major contributions to the development of nuclear weapons, has fulfilled its historic mission. In recent years, the Qinghai Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government have attached great importance to the protection and utilization of the old site of the 221 base, and Qinghai Normal University has also set up a special research institute for the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite", believing that it is an important witness of the brilliant achievements of the Communist Party of China in uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to create "two bombs and one satellite" in the fifties and sixties of the last century, bearing in mind the outstanding course of the mainland's nuclear industry from scratch, from small to large, and from weak to strong, and has laid a solid foundation for standing up as the backbone of the nation and the development of the nuclear industry. All relevant parties emphasized that Plant 221 is the root and soul of the nuclear industry, and it is a vivid practice for people to thoroughly implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era by deeply exploring the little-known touching stories and vigorously carrying forward the original spirit of "two bombs and one satellite". The author has been fortunate to participate in the study, visit, and seminar activities held at the 221 base twice, and deeply feel the original intention and mission of Song Renqiang, Li Jue and other old-timers. In particular, I feel that the Qinghai Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government not only excavate the spiritual culture of famous scientists, but also pay special attention to the spiritual culture of ordinary workers, masters, and ordinary herdsmen. In addition to the contributions made by those well-known scientists and the "fathers of the two bombs and one satellite," thousands of ordinary builders, workshop workers, animal husbandry workers, and PLA commanders and fighters have also made great contributions to the successful development of the "two bombs," which is refreshing. It is very commendable that since August 1958, when the construction of China's nuclear weapons base was officially launched, the first thing facing the construction of the 221 base was the relocation of herdsmen. In the late autumn of 1958, more than 6,700 farmers and herdsmen from 1,279 households living on the Jinyintan grassland left the hot land where their ancestors had lived for generations and moved to Qilian, Gangcha and other places without any conditions. It was a mighty, tribulating migration. The family couldn't wait for the rice in the pot to be cooked, so they put the baby in a basket on the back of a cow, hurriedly grabbed a few leather jackets, tied a few pieces of felt, and drove 150,000 cattle and sheep to the new settlement. The farthest is more than 500 kilometers, and during this time, you have to climb a high mountain with an altitude of more than 4,000 meters...... In March and April 1958, the herdsmen of the Jinyintan Grassland, a heroic feat for the nation and the country, wrote a book with the big brother of Ukeli to recall his father, General Ulanfu, chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the 100,000 officers and soldiers of the two corps-level troops codenamed "0029" under the command of General Chen Shiqu, the commander of the Ejina Banner of the Inner Mongolia, joined hands with the father and son of the two regular corps-level troops codenamed "0029", which were personally commanded by the commander of the engineering corps, and successively marched into the area south of Baori Wula, where the Ejina Banner Mansion is located. The early start of construction of China's first missile range and the heroic feat of mobilizing and organizing the relocation of the Turks to their homeland without hesitation are similar. With the full understanding and active cooperation of more than 5,000 herders, the Turkuts, who have been rooted in the depths of the Ejina Desert for nearly 200 years, began a large-scale tribal migration that lasted for 10 years. During the 10 years of difficult relocation, no one complained about it, and no one made additional demands to the government. From them, we understand the spirit of "born and immortal for a thousand years, dead and immortal for a thousand years" in the Ejina Thousands of Miles Desert. This is what our old-timers Song Renqiang and You Taizhong never forget, and they often say on their lips: Our people are good! Respectable! It is the glory of our communists to be able to serve the people in all our lives!
Admiral Chen Shiqu
Admiral Ulanv
Ukoli
Steppe herdsman.
In August 1958, General Li Jue led a team of more than 20 people, three tents, four Jiefang trucks and four Soviet-made Gas 69 off-road jeeps to enter the grassland first and begin preparations for the construction of the nuclear base. These three tents became the cornerstone of the prototype of the Atomic City, and China's nuclear bomb manufacturing began from these three tents. In November of the same year, nearly 10,000 builders with a strong sense of national responsibility set up camp here in the wind and snow, and the major action of the code 02 project kicked off in the Jinyintan grassland. Tens of thousands of construction troops built steppe dry bases, underground shacks and semi-underground dormitories...... General Li Jue said: "The newly built houses will be given to scientific and technological personnel, and all cadres will live in tents. "The general took the lead in the tent. From December 1958 to June 1964, a large number of scientific research experts, skilled workers, cadres and herdsmen, family members, and commanders and fighters of the People's Liberation Army and the Guard Force from all over the country began an earth-shattering grassland battle. They were in their prime when they came, but they were gray-haired when they left. At that time, the houses that looked dilapidated were "new homes on the grassland", and the fact that scientific and technological personnel could live in such houses was like living in a "happy nest" on the plateau. The construction armies of all walks of life are united, giving up their families for the country, with the blue sky on their heads, stepping on the grassland, self-reliance, hard work, and the strong perseverance of "lack of oxygen and spirit, lack of oxygen and enthusiasm", to build China's first nuclear weapons research and development base. Base 221 is one of the earliest bases built in China's nuclear industry, and although it is only a typical microcosm of many early construction bases, it is an extraordinary display of the Chinese competition bomb repeatedly emphasized by Minister Song Renqiang.
A place where the Chinese compete for the extraordinary display of the bomb.
At the beginning of May 1959, Minister Song Renqiang and Vice Minister Liu Jie inspected Plant 404, the first nuclear industrial base built in Northwest China, and visited more than 10,000 engineering and technical personnel, workers, and cadres who were strictly selected from all over the country. On May 9, he gave a report on the revolutionary tradition at a mass meeting of 10,000 people. In response to the erroneous remarks of a few people, he said: "Some people say that we should stop talking about big things, but this will not be done. In the past, we relied on these great principles to build the party and the army, overthrow the three mountains, and liberate the whole of China. Today, we still need to rely on these great principles to educate our party and our people, carry forward the revolutionary tradition, and build a prosperous, prosperous, and strong new China. In the future, we must always carry out education in the revolutionary tradition, which is our family heirloom and national treasure, and we must never lose it. "Recalling what Song Lao said at that time, it can be said that it is like thunder, and the sound of the piano is like a chorus, and the heart is shaken. Do we have more big truths now, or do we have more small families? Is it because there are more people, or is there more of yourself? Think about it, the old Red Army is the old Red Army, and the old Jinggang is the old Jinggang. The red original heart is all about serving the people! It's all a great truth that can't be lost and thinks about the people wholeheartedly! It's all good words against corruption!
Minister Song delivered a speech in the mining area of Xinjiang.
China's "two bombs and one satellite" undertaking is another great long march in the high-tech field since the founding of the People's Republic of China. This is another arduous scientific long march under the environment of a total blockade, encirclement, and strangulation by hostile countries. One poor and two white, just like Song Ren's poor name, this task is arduous, and he is really poor in all aspects! is also like Song Ren's poor name, the word "poor" has an endless aftertaste, this cause is endless, "poor" is endless, and it is fought from generation to generation. It was in this real environment of "poor image" that Song Renqiang, the eldest brother of the Red Army, once again led the three armies of the nuclear industry to rush out without showing any leaks. Song Renqiao was not afraid of risks, and did not hesitate to start forming this new scientific and technological Long March team, becoming one of the real leaders of this team.
Liao Chengzhi sketched, General Chen Geng's inscription of the "poor image".
From the dream of childhood, the needs of the party and the country, and the foresight of the leader, Song Renqiang stood on the word "poor" and played the highest high-tech role in China. What does it mean to be poor? Poverty is ambition, faith, courage, continuous learning, fairness, and perseverance!
"If Dacheng is missing, its use is not harmful.
If the big profit is rushing, its use is endless. ”
These two sentences of Lao Tzu's "Tao Te Ching" are clearly praising Song Renqiao's broad vision, solid knowledge base, and wisdom and ability structure!
Group photo of Song Renqiang (middle), Vice Minister Liu Jie (1st from right), Vice Minister Liu Wei (1st from left) and the head of the Soviet Expert Advisory Group. Looking back on Song Ren's five-year journey of abandoning the armor and returning to the nuclear core, he worked step by step, prepared for mulberry soil, and under the leadership of the party Central Committee, walked out of the path of the Chinese themselves. In September 1957, as the deputy head of the Chinese government delegation, Song Renqiang accompanied Nie Rongzhen and Chen Geng, the head of the delegation, to visit the Soviet Union to discuss technical assistance for the atomic bomb and the P2 missile. On the way, he made a special trip back to China to report to Chairman Mao, who expressed satisfaction with the work of the delegation. He then returned to the Soviet Union to participate in negotiations, and on October 15 in Moscow the two governments signed an agreement on new technologies for national defense.
In September 1957, Song Renqiang visited the Soviet Union.
After the nuclear industry met certain conditions, in July 1959, Zhou Enlai conveyed the central decision: "Do it yourself, start from scratch, and prepare to build an atomic bomb in eight years." On December 23, Song Renqiang led the Second Machinery Department to formulate an eight-year plan outline for the atomic energy industry, and put forward the goal of "three years of breakthrough, five years of mastery, and eight years of appropriate reserves". The measures taken by the Second Aircraft Department to formulate an eight-year planning outline set an example for the Seventh Machinery Department and the First Academy to formulate the "four bombs in eight years" plan in 1965. In June 1959, the Soviet Union, on the pretext of "striving for peace and easing international tensions," proposed to suspend the supply of atomic bomb samples to China and the technical data for the production of atomic bombs. Song Renqiang stepped up the deployment of contingency preparations and gradually shifted all construction work to the track of complete and thorough self-reliance. At that time, taking advantage of the time lag between the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to suspend aid and the fact that it had not yet been communicated to his subordinates, Song Renqiang rushed to build the main craft plant of the uranium enrichment plant, did a good job in the conditions for the installation of equipment, and pressed the Soviet side to fulfill the contract and deliver the equipment. In fact, Song Renqiang had already taken precautions a year ago. According to historical materials collected by military history researchers, on 15 July 1958, Soviet nuclear weapons experts came to the organs of the Second Aircraft Ministry, and Minister Song personally met and presided over them, and asked the experts to give a briefing on the Soviet Union's development of the atomic bomb in a small area. The Soviet experts were not allowed to take notes, and Minister Song personally persuaded them, but the Soviet experts were not easy to refute Minister Song's face, and Vice Minister Qian Sanqiang and others rarely wrote down the contents. After the meeting, the on-site interpreter combined sporadic records and reminiscences to sort out a material that had a certain reference role in the early stage of the development of the mainland's atomic bomb, which was very rare. Song Renqian encouraged everyone: "Without them, we can still do it, and we can do it better." ”
Although China's atomic energy industry started from scratch, Song Renqiang was indomitable.
Song Renqiang's mantra: "People say that we can't study the atomic bomb, we all have to fight for breath, and we must turn this tone into the driving force for the study of the atomic bomb and succeed in building the atomic bomb!" This is where the phrase "fight for the ball" comes from.
In 1960, the Second Machinery Department made an overall development plan to the central authorities to achieve the first nuclear test explosion in 1964. In 1960, Song Renqiang also personally reported to Mao Zedong in Guangzhou that the plan of the Second Machine Department was to carry out the first nuclear explosion by the end of 1964. Four years later, China succeeded in the atomic bomb test as scheduled, causing a sensation throughout the world.
Just as Song Renqiang was in full swing to fight in various front-line bases in the field of nuclear industry across the country, the central government issued a new task to Song Renqiang. In the summer of 1960, the central decision-making level made an important decision at the Beidaihe Work Conference, that is, to re-establish the six central bureaus. In order to achieve this goal, six outstanding leaders must be carefully selected to take up key positions in each of the Central Bureaus. Among the six major regions, the Northeast region is relatively backward and impoverished due to its harsh climate, vast land and sparse population. However, the Tohoku is also a region with a long industrial history, and it plays a pivotal role in the country's economic recovery. Regarding the leadership candidate in the Northeast, Mao Zedong first thought of Song Renqiang. He personally designated Song Renqiang to take up this important post and shoulder the heavy responsibility of leading the northeast. This decision reflects Mao Zedong's high trust and recognition of Song Renqiang. At this time, Song Renqiang was going all out to devote himself to the research and development of the atomic bomb that he had already started, and the sudden transfer made it difficult for him to adapt for a while. He has a deep attachment to the post of the second machine department, and it is difficult to give up. In order to stay in the Second Machine Department, Song Renqiang changed his attitude of consistently obeying the organization's distribution. He knew that He Long and Nie Rongzhen had an in-depth understanding of their work, so he decided to talk to these two bosses and other bosses first, and get more support and suggestions in order to better complete their work. It was agreed by several handsome bosses. Subsequently, he went to Comrade Deng Xiaoping to discuss his ideas. However, when Comrade Xiaoping clearly told him that this was the chairman's instructions, he was ready to go. Song Renqiang finally understood his mission and responsibility. He was transferred from the head of the Second Machinery Department to the Northeast and served as the first secretary of the Northeast Bureau and the first political commissar of the Shenyang Military Region. Before leaving, Premier Zhou had an in-depth exchange with Song Renqiang and listened to his opinions on the issue of the successor of the Second Aircraft Department. Song Renqiang recommended Liu Jie to Premier Zhou as a suitable candidate. On the occasion of leaving, he expressed his expectations to Liu Jie: "When I leave, you don't have to send me personally, but if there is any news about the atomic bomb test, you must inform me in time." ”
In 1961, Mao Zedong took a group photo with leading comrades of the Central Bureaus of various regions in Hangzhou. From left: Li Jingquan, Ke Qingshi, Peng Zhen, Mao Zedong, Song Renqiang, Liu Lantao, Li Xuefeng, Hu Yaobang.
When Song Renqiang left the Second Aircraft Department and became the first secretary of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the Ninth Bureau, the most important bureau of the Second Machinery Department of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry of China's "two bombs and one satellite" project, and the 221 Base, the only one that developed, manufactured, and assembled the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, had already entered the beginning of the mountain and set sail, and together with other uranium ore production bases and nuclear explosives research and development and production bases, they had laid a solid and effective foundation for the success of China's first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb and China's modern nuclear industry.
The development history and change trajectory of China's nuclear industry over the past 60 years have confirmed that these bases have exerted their very large and extensive influence, and have demonstrated the historical continuity and innovation of extraordinary talents, technologies and achievements. Without the development and production bases of uranium mines, atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and nuclear explosives built under the leadership of Minister Song Renqiang, China's atomic bomb manufacturing and nuclear industry would probably still be many years behind, and would even start from scratch in some aspects.
The foundation is the original intention.
Creation and innovation are missions.
Four years later, the officers and men of China's "two bombs and one satellite" nuclear service who had personally prepared and built various uranium mines and bases under the construction of Minister Song Renqiang presented a great gift to their old minister Song Renqiang for the 15 th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China with their own uranium ore materials and the first atomic bomb successfully developed at their own bases.
The old Red Army and the old Jinggang Song Ren who came out of Liuyang, the hometown of gunpowder and fireworks, smiled! The dream he had had since he was a child came true!
In October 1977, after the 28th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Seventh Machinery Department entered a critical moment of great turning point, and Song Renqiang took office as the Minister of the Seventh Machinery Industry Department and Secretary of the Party Leadership Group, and at the age of 68, he once again parachuted into the new field of the "two bombs and one satellite" cause and fought a new journey.
In the Seventh Machinery Department, Song Lao is not a "nest", but a "shelf", on the basis of 20 years of entrepreneurial development, the shelf of the "two command lines" under the unified leadership of the party, and finally the success of the "three tasks", the construction of Gaotian New City, and the production of talents.
Song Lao has foresight and foresight, and his influence, innovation, and cultivation power are logically and dialectically embodied here, creating generations of managers and scientists, and giving full play to the strength of workers and masters to the greatest extent, and producing wave after wave of results.
Song Renqiao at the Central Plenum.
From left: Wang Feng, Liao Chengzhi and Song Renqiang at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee.
From left: Hu Qiaomu, Song Renqiang, Gu Mu.
The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, from the right in the first row: Xi Zhongxun, Wang Renzhong, Song Renqiang, Chen Zaidao.
During the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Song Renqiang, Yang Shangkun, Chen Yun, Lu Dingyi, and Yao Yilin had a cordial conversation in the conference lounge.
Sunrise in Liuyang
Special thanks to Comrade Song Jingbo and Comrade Xiao Fenguang, who provided the author with "Memoirs of Song Renqiang" and "Biography of Song Renqiang", the research results of relevant units in Hunan and Jiangxi, and the relevant achievements and works published by some researchers and photographers. Thank!
(To be continued.) Continued later "Part II: 2. Defending the Country and Protecting the People, 'Three Grasping' Aerospace Explosions". He will continue to tell the story of General Song Renqiang's revolutionary process, especially his spiritual culture when he served as minister of the missile and satellite industry in China's "two bombs and one satellite" project. ）
[Author: Zhang Gulin]