10. Liaoning Provincial Museum
The first museum established in the People's Republic of China is well-known at home and abroad for its rich collections and distinctive characteristics. The building area is 100013 square meters, the exhibition hall area is 24,000 square meters, and there are a total of 117,660 pieces of collections and 63,689 pieces of precious cultural relics. Among them, he is especially famous for his "Cao E's Words", "Tang Dynasty Imitation Wang Xi Yimen Shuhan", Zhang Xu's "Four Posts of Cursive Ancient Poems", "Hairpin Lady", "Lady of the Kingdom of Qiu", "Cursive Thousand Character Text" and "Ruihe Picture" of Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty.
The treasure of the town hall: the jade pig dragon
Neolithic jade, 15 cm high, 10.2 cm wide and 3.8 cm thick. The jade pig dragon is a representative work of jade of Hongshan culture, it was unearthed in the tomb, worn in pairs on the chest of the tomb owner, is a symbol of social status, rank, power, and is also the original "ritual vessel" made according to certain specifications. This jade pig dragon is the one with the largest body and the most regular shape among the jade pig dragons of the known Hongshan culture.
The treasure of the town hall: "Hairpin Lady" volume
Part of the volume of "Hairpin Lady".
"Hairpin Lady": a painting by the Tang Dynasty painter Zhou Fang, 46 cm in length and 180 cm in width. This picture depicts five ladies and one waitress in fine brushwork, and puppies, white cranes and Xinyi flowers are dotted in between. The ladies are plump and graceful, showing the image of dignified and elegant aristocratic women. This is the only one in the world that has been recognized as the only hand-me-down painting of the Tang Dynasty, and it is a typical specimen work of the Tang Dynasty ladies' painting.
The treasure of the town hall: Yuan blue and white pine, bamboo and plum pattern eight-sided jar
Yuan blue and white pine, bamboo, plum pattern eight-sided jar
Yuan blue and white pine, bamboo and plum pattern eight-sided jar: Yuan Dynasty porcelain, 39.7 cm high, diameter 15.3 cm. This utensil has a straight mouth, a high neck, oblique straight shoulders, and a bulging belly to the bottom slightly tucked. The device is large, the carcass is thick and heavy, and it is slightly deformed. The whole body is covered with green and white glaze, the glaze layer is moisturized, and the blue and white hair color is purple in the blue, elegant and soft. The bottom foot is sandy and the bottom is unglazed. The utensils are decorated in five layers from top to bottom: the neck is decorated with a brocade pattern, and the neck is bounded by eight edges, which are respectively decorated with folded branch flowers; The shoulders are decorated with a week of folded chrysanthemums, gardenias, a handful of lotus, folded lotus, and folded peony; The main body of the abdomen is decorated with curly grass and open light, painting pine, bamboo, plum, and full pond Jiao; The bottom circumference is painted with variant lotus petal patterns, each of which is not connected. There are only two surviving pieces, which can be called national treasures.
9. Henan Museum
Founded in 1927, its collection is most famous for its Shang and Zhou bronzes, followed by jade, ceramics and stone carvings. Some of the collections were shipped to Taiwan by the National Government in November 1949, and many of the collections of the current National Palace Museum in Taipei were transferred from the Henan Museum that year.
The treasure of the town hall: Wu Zetian removes the crime of Jin Jian
Wu Zetian eliminated the sin of Jin Jian
Wu Zetian Crime Removal Jin Jian: Unearthed in 1982 in the extreme peak of Zhongyue Song Mountain. Jin Jian is rectangular, 36.2cm long, 8cm wide, 0.1cm thick, weighing 223.5g, engraved with an inscription: "The Great Zhou Dynasty Lord Wu Cao is happy and true, immortal, I am respectful of Zhongyue Song Gaoshan Gate, I invest in Jin Jian, and beg the three officials and nine mansions to remove Wu Cao's crimes." It is not only a direct material evidence for the study of Empress Wu Zetian's thought of worshipping immortals and worshipping Dao, but also a valuable material for studying the social ideology of the Wu and Zhou dynasties.
The treasure of the town hall: the jade-handled iron sword
Jade-handled iron sword
The utensils of the late Western Zhou Dynasty are known as "the first sword in China". In 1990, it was unearthed in the No. 2001 tomb (Yuji tomb) of Yuguo Cemetery, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province. Its jade handle, copper core, iron body, set yesterday, today, tomorrow in a sword, its discovery marks as a new representative of the social productive forces of the iron has sprouted, indicating that the continent's Bronze Age is about to pass, announcing that the Iron Age is coming. The specifications of the utensils are 34.2 cm long, 12.2 cm long handle, 22 cm long sword body, 3.8 cm wide leaves, and 1.8 cm in diameter of the jade sword stem.
8. Hunan Provincial Museum
It is one of the first batch of national first-class museums in China, one of the eight national key museums jointly built by local governments in China, and the largest comprehensive history and art museum in Hunan Province. It covers an area of 49,000 square meters, with a total construction area of 91,000 square meters, an exhibition hall area of 27,000 square meters, and a collection of more than 180,000 cultural relics, especially the cultural relics unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Shang and Zhou bronzes, Chu cultural relics, ceramics of previous dynasties, calligraphy and paintings, and modern cultural relics.
The treasure of the town hall: Dahe people's face pattern Fang Ding
Dahe people's face pattern square tripod
Dahe face pattern square tripod: 38.5 cm high, weight 12.85 kg, unearthed in 1959 in Hunan Ningxiang County Huangcai Zhaizi Mountain. The tripod body is rectangular, the mouth is slightly larger than the bottom, the mouth edge is turned outward, the two ears are erected, the tripod belly is deeper, there are four columnar tripod feet, and there is the inscription "big day" at the edge of the inner wall of the abdomen near the mouth. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that each side is embossed with a striking human face as the theme ornament, and the corners are also decorated with symbolic horns, giving people a solemn and sublime beauty. It is currently the only bronze tripod decorated with a human face pattern in the country.
The treasure of the town: plain yarn shirt
Plain gauze shirt
The burial goods of Mrs. Xin Chai, the wife of Changsha Guolicang in the Western Han Dynasty, were unearthed in 1972 in the tomb of Xin Chai in Mawangdui, Changsha. It is made of plain yarn and woven from silk, without lining and color, with extremely fine silk strands and exquisite weaving. The whole dress weighs only 49 grams, 132 centimeters long, and 181.5 centimeters long through the sleeves, which can be described as thin as cicada wings, light as smoke, it is the pinnacle of textile technology in the Western Han Dynasty, and it is also the earliest in existence, the most complete, the most exquisite production technology, and the lightest clothing treasures.
7. Shanxi Museum
The first batch of national first-class museums, the cultivation objects of national museums jointly built by local governments in China, and the largest cultural relics collection, collection, protection, research and display center in Shanxi. There are more than 50 pieces of collections, including bronze, porcelain, stone carvings, Buddhist statues, murals, calligraphy and paintings, etc., including 40,282 precious cultural relics (groups).
The treasure of the town hall: the Jin Hou Bird Zun
Jin Hou Bird Honor
Jinhou Bird Zun: 39 cm high, 30.5 cm long, unearthed in Shanxi Province, Quwo County, Beizhao Village, Jin Marquis Cemetery No. 114 tomb. Respect the phoenix bird shape standing and looking back, the head is slightly raised, the round eyes are staring, the high crown is erect, the shape is realistic and vivid, the idea is peculiar and ingenious, and the decoration is exquisite and luxurious. The lid and belly of the bird are cast with the inscription "Jin Hou made to the Taimur Baozun Yi", indicating that it is a ritual vessel for the sacrifice of the Jin Marquis Zongmiao. The Bird Statue of the Marquis of Jin is an important ritual vessel of the Jin Kingdom in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it is also a treasure in the treasure house of Chinese bronze art, and was selected into the third batch of cultural relics prohibited from leaving the country for exhibition in 2013. It hides the secret of where the "Jin" came from, according to research, its owner is the first generation of Jin Marquis Xie's father, it represents the source of Jin culture, and is also the prototype of the emblem of the Shanxi Museum.
The treasure of the town hall: the bronze chariot guarded by the people
The scavengers guard the bronze chariot
Bronze carriage guarding: unearthed in 1989 in the Western Zhou cemetery in Shangguo Village, Wenxi, Shanxi. Van-type six-wheeled car, the top of the compartment has a cover that can be opened, a squatting monkey-shaped cover button, and a rotating bird stands at each of the four corners. There is a door with a movable latch in front of it, and next to the door stands a man (a prisoner who has cut off his left foot). There are beasts in the corners and sides of the carriage. The two small wheels were held in the belly of the tiger. There are 14 kinds of birds and beasts in the whole car, which is consistent with the record of "Zhou Li" "slashing people and guarding the prison", and the whole car can rotate in 15 places, with peculiar ideas and exquisite production.
6. Shaanxi History Museum
Opened in 1991, it is the first large-scale modern national museum in New China, and was included in the first batch of national first-class museums in 2008. The cultural relics in the collection range from simple stone tools used in the initial stage of ancient human beings to various artifacts in social life before 1840, spanning more than one million years. Cultural relics are not only large in number and variety, but also of high grade and wide value.
The treasure of the town hall: the golden bowl with mandarin duck lotus petal pattern
Mandarin duck lotus petal pattern gold bowl
In 1970, it was unearthed in the cellar of Hejia Village in the southern suburbs of Xi'an City, a total of two pieces. The walls of the two bowls are hammered to make the lotus petal pattern of the upper and lower layers of outward bulging, each layer of ten pieces, the upper and lower contours are combined, each lotus petal unit is engraved with decorative patterns, the upper theme is animal pattern, and the lower layer is a single honeysuckle flower decorative pattern. The inner walls of the two bowls are respectively written in ink "nine two halves" and "nine two three". It may be a royal wine vessel, and it is the most magnificent of the Tang Dynasty gold bowls that have been unearthed.
The treasure of the town hall: the gold-inlaid beast head agate cup
Onyx cup with gold inlay
In 1970, the cellar was unearthed in Hejia Village, the southern suburb of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, with a height of 6.5 cm, a length of 15.6 cm and a diameter of 5.6 cm. It is carved from red, brown and white agate, the cup body is the shape of a horn-like beast's head, the beast's double horns are the cup handle, the mouth is inlaid with a gold cap, and the eyes, ears and nose are all depicted with subtlety and precision. It is the only beautiful jade carving in the Tang Dynasty that has been seen so far, and it is also the most exquisite jade workmanship in the Tang Dynasty, and it is also the product of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in the Tang Dynasty, and it was included in the first batch of cultural relics prohibited from going abroad (territory) in China.
5. Shanghai Museum
Its exhibition area totals 12,000 square meters, with the first floor for the Ancient Chinese Bronze Museum, the Ancient Chinese Sculpture Museum and the Exhibition Hall, and the second floor for the Ancient Chinese Ceramics Museum. The number of collections in the museum reaches 1020220, including 144142 precious cultural relics. The treasures of the town hall include Da Keding, Zizhong Jiang Pan, Shangyu Ti cursive script Tang Dynasty Muben and so on.
Jin Marquis Su Zhong
Jin Marquis Su Zhong
Su Zhong of Jinhou: Unearthed in 1992 in the cemetery of the Marquis of Jin in Beizhao Village, Quwo County, Shanxi Province, a total of 16 pieces, of which 14 pieces were sold by tomb thieves to Hong Kong cultural relics dealers, and later recovered by the state and collected in the Shanghai Museum. The Jin Marquis Su bell can be divided into two groups, each group of 8 pieces, the size of the order, arranged into two columns of scales and rhythms in harmony with the chime. A total of 355 characters are engraved on the bell, which records in detail the time and exploits of the Marquis Su of Jin and the prince of Zhou Li to conquer the Dongyi tribe, which is an important supplement to the historical materials of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The treasure of the town hall: the Western Zhou Dynasty Dakeding
Western Zhou Dakeding
Also known as Keding, Shanfu Keding, is a bronze cast in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, China's first batch of cultural relics prohibited from going abroad (territory) exhibition. It is known as the "Three Treasures of Bronze in China" in the late Qing Dynasty along with the Da Yu Ding of the National Museum of China and the Mao Gongding of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The height of the tripod is 93.1 cm, the weight is 201.5 kg, the shape is thick and heavy, the mouth edge is slightly constricted, the square lip is wide, the abdomen is slightly bulging and sagging, the abdominal wall is thick, the ears are large, and the hooves are foot. The ornamentation of the body includes three groups of deformed animal face patterns on the neck, wide wavy patterns on the abdomen, and dragon patterns on the outside of the large vertical ears. Twenty-eight lines of inscriptions are cast on the inner wall of the tripod, a total of two hundred and nine crosses, its font is extraordinarily large, the glyph is neat, the rows are neat, stretch smoothly, beautiful and elegant, it is a model of calligraphy in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The inscription records in detail the family history of Shanfuke and the story of being rewarded by King Xiao of Zhou for his merits, which is an important historical material for the study of slavery in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Unearthed in 1890 in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province, Dakeding has become the proud treasure of the Shanghai Museum since its opening in 1952, and is exhibited in the bronze showroom on the first floor all year round.
4. National Palace Museum, Taipei
Also known as the Zhongshan Museum, it is one of the three major museums in China. The museum has a collection of jade cabbage, Mao Gongding, Sanshi plate, fast snow when the sun is clear, "early spring", "Huazigang map", "Yongle Dictionary", "Siku Quanshu" and other rare treasures.
The treasure of the town hall: jade cabbage
Jade cabbage
Jade cabbage: Qing Dynasty cultural relics, 18.7 cm long, 9.1 cm wide, 5.0 cm thick. It is a piece of semi-white and half-green jade as raw material, carved into the shape of cabbage, lifelike, better than fine workmanship, meaning auspicious, is the most popular and very popular cultural relics of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and is also one of the treasures of the three major town museums.
The treasure of the town hall: sunny post when the snow is fast
When the snow is fast, it is sunny
The calligraphy works created by Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, are 23cm in height and 14.8cm in width. The full text of the post is only 28 words, but it is known as "Twenty-eight Li Zhu", and was called "the first law book in the world" by the ancients. Emperor Qianlong loved it very much, and stamped 170 chapters on the post. This post, together with Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Festival" and Wang Xun's "Boyuan Post", was collectively called "Sanxi" by Qianlong and ranked first.
3. Nanjing Museum
It is the earliest museum established in China, the first large-scale comprehensive museum invested and built by the state in China, and is now a large-scale comprehensive national museum and the first batch of national first-class museums. It covers an area of more than 130,000 square meters and has 432768 pieces of various collections, including 371032 precious cultural relics, ranking second in China in terms of the number of precious cultural relics, second only to the Palace Museum.
Treasure of the Pavilion: The Golden Beast
Golden Beast: Unearthed in 1982 in the cellar of Nanyaozhuang, Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province, it is the largest and heaviest gold artifact unearthed in the mainland so far, weighing 9100 grams and containing 99% gold. It looks like a leopard, with a large head and a long tail, bright eyes, a three-wheeled collar around its neck, a ring on the top of its head, and irregular circular markings all over its body. It is a perfect combination of the ancient metal casting process and the gold hammering process, which is really rare and is known as the "treasure of the country".
The treasure of the town hall: openwork carved jade ornaments of people, birds and beasts
Openwork carved jade ornaments for people, birds and beasts
In 1991, it was unearthed in the No. 77 tomb of Zhaolingshan site in Kunshan City, which is a product of the Liangzhu cultural period. The main body is a sideways figure, with eyes, mouth, nose, wearing a crown hat on the head, a bunch of feathers on the crown hat, dragging a beast with the backhand, and a fat bird on the top, it is the earliest openwork of human, bird and beast patterns unearthed in the mainland, which may be related to the event of the clan leader presiding over the sacrifice.
2. National Museum of China
Referred to as the National Museum, it is located on the east side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. It is the highest historical, cultural and artistic palace that represents the national collection, research, display and interpretation of representative physical evidence of Chinese culture. The National Museum has a collection of more than 1.43 million pieces, covering ancient cultural relics, modern and contemporary cultural relics, artworks and other categories.
The treasure of the town hall: the bronze square statue of the four sheep
Four sheep bronze square statue
It is a bronze ritual vessel and sacrificial article in the late Shang Dynasty, which was unearthed on the mountainside of Yueshan Puzhuan Erlun, Huangcai Town, Ningxiang County, Hunan. It is the largest of the existing Shang Dynasty bronzes in China, and it is also the largest of the existing Shang Dynasty bronzes. The Fang Zun is 52.4 cm long on each side, 58.3 cm high, and weighs 34.5 kg, with a long neck, high hoop feet, and a towering neck. Each of the four horns is a sheep, and the four horns of the shoulders are four curly horned sheep's heads, the sheep's head and the sheep's neck are stretched out of the vessel, and the sheep's body and legs are attached to the belly and hoop feet. The corners of the square statue and the center line on all sides are set with raised long ridges, so that the whole instrument is integrated. The whole of the utensils is exquisitely patterned, the neck is decorated with a banana leaf pattern composed of dragon patterns and ribbon-like gluttonous patterns, and the shoulders are decorated with high-relief snake body and clawed dragon patterns. Its horns and dragon head are pre-cast, then inlaid in the outer body of the venerable, and then cast, showing a high level of casting.
The treasure of the town hall: the stepmother Wuding
Stepmother Wuding
Also known as Simu Wu Ding, Simu Wu Dafang Ding, is the bronze square tripod used by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty. It was unearthed in the early spring of 1939 in the village of military attache in Anyang, Henan. With a height of 133 cm, a mouth length of 112 cm, a mouth width of 79.2 cm, and a weight of 832.84 kg, it is the heaviest known bronze in ancient China. Its abdomen is rectangular, with vertical ears, folded edges, four pillar feet, the shape is huge, majestic and solemn, and the craftsmanship is exquisite. The four walls of the tripod body are decorated with delicate dragon patterns and gluttonous patterns along the perimeter and feet. The inner wall of the abdomen is cast with the words "stepmother E". It is enough to represent the highly developed bronze culture of the Shang Dynasty, and has the reputation of "the king of bronze" and "the treasure of the town".
1. The Palace Museum
Located in Beijing, it is the largest and best-preserved ancient palace complex in China, and the largest ancient culture and art museum in China. Its predecessor was the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a total collection of more than 1.86 million pieces (sets), covering 25 categories such as paintings, calligraphy, inscriptions, bronzes, gold and silverware, and precious cultural relics account for 90% of the total collection. In 1987, it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and is known as the first of the "Five Great Palaces in the World".
The treasure of the town hall: the Qingming Riverside map
"Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival": The only surviving masterpiece of the Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan, which is a national treasure-level cultural relic. In the form of a long scroll and scattered perspective composition, the work vividly records the urban appearance of Tokyo (also known as Bianjing, now Kaifeng, Henan), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty of China, and the living conditions of people from all walks of life at that time, which is a testimony to the prosperity of the capital Tokyo during the Northern Song Dynasty and a portrayal of the economic situation of the city in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The treasure of the town hall "step diagram"
One of the masterpieces of the Tang Dynasty painter Yan Liben is one of the top ten famous paintings in China in the Palace Museum. The content reflects the fact that Songtsen Gampo, the king of Tubo (present-day Tibet), married Princess Wencheng and entered Tibet. It is a historical witness of the friendship between the Han and Tibetan brothers.
In addition, there are other museums that are also of high value and popularity, such as Sanxingdui Museum, Shandong Museum, Hebei Museum, etc.