"A generation of Tianjiao, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow and shoot the eagle", speaking of Genghis Khan, I believe many people can't help but give a thumbs up, because he swept the entire Mongolia tribe in 1206 and became the khan of the Great Mongolia State. And after unifying Mongolia, it also extended the scimitar into Western Xia, Jin and other countries.
Genghis Khan's strength was also very strong, so in the constant wars, he also defeated many opponents, so that some countries had to submit to him. So through years of conquest, Genghis Khan also conquered most of the countries in Asia.
Genghis Khan led his army, first conquered many countries in Eastern Europe, and then went south to India, but he failed to take India, and the reason for this was not because India had strong combat capabilities.
In the process of attacking India, Genghis Khan was still as majestic as usual, and the India army he fought fell into disarray.
But in such a situation, India is about to be captured, but Genghis Khan chose to withdraw his troops, why did he make such a decision, let's find out together.
First, the climate is not suitable
Before the capture of India, Genghis Khan had captured most of Khorezm. When the king of Khorezm saw that his country was doomed, he took his family on a boat and tried to flee overseas. However, his escape plan was unsuccessful, so he was trapped on the island by the Mongolian iron horsemen, and soon he died of illness on the island.
Although the king of Khorezm was not particularly strong in leading troops into battle, his son Zalandin had a relatively high military talent, and when facing the large number of Mongolian cavalry, he did not want to flee because of timidity like his father, but thought of countermeasures while fighting the Mongolian cavalry. So he organized a rebel army of 60,000 men to fight against the Mongolian cavalry.
Although the Mongolian cavalry outnumbered Zalandin's rebels, the Mongolian cavalry failed to win the battle near Mount Hindukush and were killed by Zalandin's rebels nearly 15,000 men. This also became a relatively big failure after Genghis Khan's western expedition.
Soon, news of Genghis Khan's defeat at the hands of the Zalandin rebels spread to the rest of Central Asia. For the rebel armies in these areas, it can be said that it is a great morale boost. As a result, Genghis Khan could only divide his troops into several ways to pursue Zalandin.
Although Zalandin's resistance army won the victory in the last battle, we must know that Zalandin's resistance army is actually gathered together by leaders in various places, so each of them has their own ideas, and some contradictions slowly arise in the process of fighting, so Zalandin's resistance army soon appeared divided, and the combat effectiveness was naturally weaker, so Genghis Khan seized this opportunity to beat Zalandin's resistance army near the India River.
Seeing that the situation was not good, Zalandin began to flee south with an army of less than 4,000 men. Genghis Khan had long wanted to include India in his territory, so he ordered to continue the pursuit of Zalandin, but this time was the spring of India, and these Mongolian cavalry warriors entered India because the local temperature was very high, and it always rained.
The Mongolia cavalry, which lives in the north all year round, is very unsuitable for the local climate, so fighting in such a weather environment has also greatly affected their combat effectiveness.
The most obvious of these is that these Mongolia cavalry live in the relatively dry climate of Mongolia all year round, and suddenly came to the humid and hot India region, and their bodies have a very obvious rejection reaction.
And when they fought in India, they often had to shuttle through some tropical rainforests, and these tropical rainforests often had some poisonous insects and poisonous miasma, which was very great for the torture of the Mongolian cavalry.
Although the bad weather and climate greatly dampened the combat effectiveness of the Mongolia cavalry, for the India state at that time, their combat strength should not be underestimated, so the climatic reasons were not the main factors affecting Genghis Khan's attack on India.
2. Encounter the mythical beast "Jiaorui"
Genghis Khan, after leading his troops to pursue Zalandin and reach the India River, stopped continuing to fight south. In the history book "Yuan Shi · Yelu Chucai", it is recorded that after Genghis Khan led his Mongolia cavalry to chase to the India River, he saw a divine beast, the name of this divine beast is Jiaorui, and this divine beast can also speak, he told Genghis Khan's guards "Your lord should return early".
Yelu Chucai, who stayed next to Genghis Khan, told Genghis Khan that this Jiaorui is a symbol of Shenrui, and the appearance of the divine beast means that Genghis Khan is the pride of the sky, since the divine beast has told Genghis Khan that you should return as soon as possible, then please return to the court immediately, so Genghis Khan led his army to withdraw to the court, and also temporarily spared Zalandin and his horse.
We don't know if there was really an encounter with the beast at that time, but what we do know is that the situation must have been much more complicated than we already know.
Third, political reasons
When Genghis Khan led his cavalry to the west, he temporarily entrusted the political power of the court to his younger brother, Temuge, to manage it. And in Mongolia, there has always been such a tradition of young sons guarding the home. Moreover, compared with his younger brother, Genghis Khan Temujin's military talents were even more remarkable. And in many battles, Genghis Khan did set up a lot of outstanding achievements.
Looking through the historical materials, we also know that Genghis Khan loved his younger brother Tiemu very much, and after he became the Great Khan, he also tried his best to improve the status of his younger brother Tiemu in the court. He even demanded that Temugo's heirs have a higher status in the state than his own heirs.
It is precisely because of Genghis Khan's preference for his younger brother that Tiemuge has more and more power to speak in the court, not only far exceeding the ministers and princes in the court, but also holding a certain amount of military power in his hands.
As Genghis Khan continued to win victories in successive campaigns, more and more areas were recovered, and the territory of Mongolia became more and more extensive. With the continuous expansion of the territory, Genghis Khan slowly became farther and farther away from the political center of Mongolia, and he has been fighting in the south and north, so the consumption of his own troops is also very serious, and the perennial campaign has also weakened the morale of many generals and cavalry.
Let's look back, if Genghis Khan did not choose to withdraw his troops after pursuing Zalandin to the river in India at that time, but continued to pursue Zalandin in the south, even if the weather was humid and hot at that time, which affected the combat effectiveness, but it was not a problem to capture a small India and take Zalandin.
Therefore, external factors such as climate do not really affect the combat effectiveness of the army, and in Genghis Khan's heart, he feels that he has been out of the government for too long, and he is afraid that he will face the problem of power struggle. If you continue to pursue and lose Mobei, all the years of work will be in vain, and Genghis Khan will become a bare-bones commander.
As for whether there was a divine beast Jiaorui by the river, in fact, everyone is not clear, and the reason why Yelu Chucai wanted to use the divine beast to advise Genghis Khan was because he had already realized this problem, so he wanted to persuade Genghis Khan to return to Mobei as soon as possible and defend his position.
Therefore, it seems that the unsuitable water and soil and the unsuitable climate are some of the factors that will affect the combat effectiveness of the army, but this is definitely not the decisive factor that led to Genghis Khan's withdrawal of troops, and the most direct factor is that he is worried about losing the Mobei region.
Just imagine, if Mobei is really out of the control of Genghis Khan, then the Mongolia territory that has been conquered with great difficulty will fall apart again. Although Genghis Khan himself was very capable in warfare, he favored his younger brother Temuge excessively, which also led to the deformity of the political form of Mongolia at that time.
After the death of Genghis Khan, his descendants were still very concerned about the rich products of India, so in 1397, Timur led an army to attack India, looted India, and then returned to Mobei with the rich products.
Because of the great victory in India, it became very inflated, and even wanted to attack the Ming Dynasty in the Central Plains. Unexpectedly, it was annihilated by the army of the Ming Dynasty in one fell swoop. Mongolia, which had been reunited with great difficulty, was also gone.
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