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Text: Carry the lantern forward
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At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial power rebelled, the dictatorship of foreign relatives and eunuchs, and the Qiang people around Liangzhou began to rebel.
But I never thought that although Liangzhou was calm on the surface, the actual hidden dangers were not removed, so that after Liangzhou was pacified, Han Sui and others rose up one after another.
So, why did the Liangzhou Qiang Rebellion become the fuse for the demise of the East?
Causes of development
The history of the Qiang is different from the history of the Central Plains, but there is no doubt that it has a long history, during the Zhou Dynasty, because countries conquered each other, many countries in order to occupy more advantages, in order to occupy more advantages, they united with foreign ethnic minorities, such as the Qiang.
As a result, the Qiang tribe was originally in the Central Plains, but because of the intervention of the war, after a long period of migration, it gradually entered northern Tibet and other regions.
They lived and worked there in peace and contentment, vigorously developing the economy, on the other hand, the Central Plains was chaotic, and the princes were vying for power, as long as the Qiang people did not make too much of a move, they would not take the initiative to conquer.
In this case, the strength of the Qiang people increased rapidly, and by the time of the Han Dynasty, several tribes had been formed.
The imperial court relocated them to remote locations far from the capital, and set up prefectures and counties for collective jurisdiction, and over time, most of the Qiang gradually abandoned the mentality of rebellion after living with the Han people.
Not only did the Western Han Dynasty do this, but it was also the same in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but even so, although the Qiang people would not have the result of rebellion in a short time, this was because of the strength of the imperial court.
In other words, as long as the strength of the imperial court is corrupt and there are internal and external troubles, in this case, the Qiang people will continue to come out to make trouble, which is why the imperial courts of all dynasties, although they have compensated ethnic minorities, but in the end they will inevitably rebel.
Because in the eyes of the Central Plains people, the personalities of ethnic minorities and Central Plains people are different, which brews the actions and practices of ethnic minorities, and their hearts cannot be satisfied, so there will be rebellions.
Baidu Encyclopedia
The same was true for the Eastern Han Dynasty regime at that time, during the period of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, there were first Dou Wu and Empress Dowager Dou dictatorship, and then He Jin and other relatives stepped into the footsteps.
In this case, the once glorious Eastern Han Dynasty regime was crumbling and irretrievable, because the civil strife could not be well resolved, causing people in the surrounding counties to rebel.
Among them, the most obvious is the Qiang people, but in the eyes of the Qiang people, today's Eastern Han Dynasty is no longer the Eastern Han Dynasty of the past, the court is corrupt, and the supply cannot satisfy their hearts at all, so they decide to launch a rebellion and further control the prefectures and counties.
In 184, the Qiang rebellion occurred in Beidi County, Heguan and other places where the Qiang people were entrenched.
However, what the imperial court did not expect was that the state and county counterinsurgency was far from being so smooth, and in this process, not only did it not succeed in quelling, but even many officials joined it.
The war began
Over time, the Qiang people, who had been divided into two routes, began to gather together after attracting a large number of rebels, wanting to control the areas along the Yellow River.
After the enemy army broke through Jincheng County, they used it as a base and began to expand abroad, and the local officials did not fail to make moves, but they were all useless.
Liangzhou Assassin Shi and Jincheng Taishou fell into crisis one after another, and in the process, Han Sui and Bian Zhang, the generals of the prefecture and county who were captured by the Qiang people, saw that they had no choice but to surrender to the rebels and join the team.
Xue Haibo, On the Liangzhou Military Generals in the Middle and Late Eastern Han Dynasty, 2008
In the face of the huge Liangzhou rebels, the Liangzhou government was helpless at that time, Gai Xun and other generals were defeated by the enemy, and the Liangzhou government could only watch that Liangzhou was about to fall.
In this case, Liangzhou sent an urgent report, wanting the imperial court to rescue and quell the rebellion, at the same time, the rebels did not stop, they also had a greater ambition, that is, to attack Chang'an and seize the imperial power.
In 185, after learning of the defeat of Liangzhou and even hearing that the rebels were going to attack Chang'an, they were frightened and immediately wanted to send troops to attack.
The ministers of the court led by Cui Lie suggested that the imperial court give up the place of Liangzhou, but Fu Xie stopped him, he felt that once Liangzhou fell, it might be more difficult to conquer in the future, and there was even a possibility of threatening the imperial court.
Therefore, in Fu Xie's view, Liangzhou cannot afford to be lost, and in this way, the imperial court agreed to Fu Xie's suggestion, because Huangfu Song was deprived of military power, and could only let Zhang Wen serve as him, and he was assisted by Dong Zhuo and other generals.
I have to say that in the face of the attack of the rebels, the strength of the imperial army was obviously weak, which also led to Zhang Wen's stalemate in the process of attacking.
At the same time, Dong Zhuo sent his Xiliang soldiers to attack the rebels by surprise during the stalemate between Zhang Wen and the enemy, so as to break the rebels.
End Result
Seeing the victory of the war, Zhang Wen understood that the opportunity to attack had arrived, so he divided his troops into two ways to attack the enemy army, but as a result, the enemy army was outnumbered and familiar with the terrain, and it didn't take long for both armies to fall into crisis.
Although the confrontation was ultimately lost, it further halted the advance of the rebels.
In 186, Geng Contempt ignored Fu Xie's persuasion and tried his best to control Liangzhou, which made Geng Contempt lose the support of the people, and when he attacked Longxi County, because the soldiers were next to him, he was disposed of, and Fu Xie also perished due to the failure to defend the city.
Ma Teng, as the old ministry that was once contemptible, went to Han Sui when he saw that he had no choice, and then under the recommendation of everyone, let the kingdom take the position of commander, and Liangzhou was completely occupied by the rebels.
At the same time, just when the imperial court wanted to give up Liangzhou, it happened that the kingdom led an army to attack Chencang, and the imperial court saw that the imperial court was unavailable, so it could only let Huangfu Song serve as the first to go to the expedition again, and let Dong Zhuo serve as his deputy.
In 188, after Huangfu Song and Dong Zhuo arrived in Chencang, they saw that the enemy army was attacking the city, and according to Dong Zhuo's idea, he wanted to march fast and annihilate the enemy army in one fell swoop.
But Huang Fu Song hesitated, he thought that the enemy's morale was high, and he wanted to wait for work, and saw the opportunity to attack, after that, the kingdom saw that it could not attack the city, and when it was withdrawn, Huang Fu Song suddenly ordered an attack.
At this time, Dong Zhuo thought that if Huang Fu Song succeeded this time, he would definitely be more military by himself, so he suggested not to attack, but how could he let go of the good time, Huang Fu Song still chose to pursue.
After Chen Cang was pacified, the strength of the Qiang people gradually weakened, and the power also fell into the hands of the Central Plains, which made the local generals begin to support their own troops.
In this way, the Qiang rebellion in Liangzhou also began to shift to the situation of local generals vying for power, which further aggravated the beginning of the fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and also heralded the beginning of the power of the Three Kingdoms.
In 214, after Cao Cao led his army to defeat Ma Chao and Han Sui, the rebellion in Liangzhou came to an end.
Author's point of view
The Liangzhou rebellion was small at the beginning, but because of the result of the negligence of the imperial court, it became more and more out of control, although the rebellion of the Qiang people was eventually quelled, but it also triggered the competition of the princes and generals.
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