The "Opinions on Accelerating the Development and Utilization of Public Data Resources" issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council was released on October 9, which is the first systematic deployment of the development and utilization of public data resources at the central level.
The opinions put forward that by 2025, the system and rules for the development and utilization of public data resources will be initially established, the scale and quality of resource supply will be significantly improved, data products and services will be continuously enriched, the development and utilization of public data resources in key industries and regions will achieve remarkable results, and a number of data element enterprises will be cultivated, and the role of public data resource elements will initially appear. By 2030, the system and rules for the development and utilization of public data resources will be more mature, the resource development and utilization system will be fully completed, the data circulation and use will be compliant and efficient, and the role of public data in empowering the real economy, expanding consumer demand, expanding investment space, and improving governance capabilities will be fully utilized.
The Opinions focus on four aspects, such as expanding the supply of public data resources and standardizing the authorized operation of public data, to deploy and accelerate efforts to accelerate the development and utilization of public data resources.
Expand the supply of resources
On the premise of protecting personal information and trade secrets, open public data in an orderly manner in accordance with laws and regulations
Public data produced by Party and government organs, enterprises, and public institutions at all levels in the course of performing their duties or providing public services in accordance with law is an important basic strategic resource of the state. Opinions put forward to promote the sharing of government affairs data as a whole. Improve the catalog of government affairs data, implement unified management, promote the realization of "one number and one source", and continuously improve the quality and management level of government affairs data. Promote the combination of active sharing and on-demand sharing, improve the list of responsibilities for government data sharing, and do a good job of resource release. Strengthen the supporting role of the existing data sharing platform, focus on "getting one thing done efficiently", promote cross-level, cross-regional, cross-system, cross-departmental, and cross-business government data sharing and business collaboration, and continuously enhance the sense of gain of the masses and enterprises.
Promote the opening of public data in an orderly manner. Complete the system of open public data policies, clarifying the powers, responsibilities, and scope of open public data, and opening public data in an orderly manner in accordance with laws and regulations, on the premise of preserving national data security and protecting personal information and commercial secrets. Improve open public data platforms, compile and publish open catalogs and dynamically update them, give priority to the opening of data that is closely related to people's livelihoods and have urgent social needs, encourage the establishment of mechanisms for accepting and giving feedback on open data needs, and increase the completeness, accuracy, timeliness, and machine readability of open data.
Encourage the exploration of authorized operations of public data. Implement the requirements of the system for the structural separation of data property rights, and explore the establishment of a categorical and hierarchical authorization mechanism for public data. Strengthen the overall management of authorized operations, clarify data management bodies, explore the inclusion of authorized operations in the scope of the "three-fold and one-large" decision-making, clarify authorization requirements, operation models, operation periods, exit mechanisms, and security management responsibilities, and use models such as overall authorization, sector-specific authorization, and scenario-based authorization in light of actual conditions, authorizing qualified operating institutions to carry out public data resource development, product management, and technical services. Data management bodies should perform industry oversight duties, guiding and overseeing operations bodies to operate in accordance with laws and regulations. Operating institutions should implement authorization requirements, standardize operational conduct, provide fair services to the market, and strictly prohibit unauthorized and excessive use of data. Accelerate the formation of an authorized operation pattern with clear rights and responsibilities and coordination between ministries and provinces. Formulate regulations on the authorized operation and management of public data resources at appropriate times.
Standardize authorized operations
Carry out registration management of public data resources that are included in the scope of authorized operations
Opinions put forward to improve the resource management system. Establish a registration system for public data resources, relying on government affairs data catalogs, and based on application needs, compile and form a catalog of public data resources, and carry out registration and management of public data resources included in the scope of authorized operations. Increase the availability of public data resources, promote the standardization and standardization of data resources, carry out classified and hierarchical management of data, strengthen governance of data sources and quality supervision and inspection, and realize that data quality can be feedback, the use process can be traced, and data objections can be disposed of.
Improve operational supervision. Establish mechanisms for disclosure of authorized operations of public data resources, disclosing the authorized objects, content, scope, and time limits for authorized operations in accordance with provisions. Operating bodies should disclose a list of public data products and services, disclose the use of public data resources, and accept societal oversight. Operating institutions shall carry out business within the scope of authorization in accordance with laws and regulations, and shall not carry out monopolistic acts such as reaching monopoly agreements with other business entities or abusing their dominant market position, and shall not carry out acts of unfair competition.
Establish and improve the price formation mechanism to safeguard the public interest. Give full play to the leverage adjustment role of price policies, and accelerate the establishment of price formation mechanisms that conform to the characteristics of public data elements. Guide and promote the conditional and free use of public data products and services for public governance and public welfare undertakings. Where it is truly necessary to charge fees for public data for-profit products and services used for industrial development or industry development, implement government-guided pricing management.
Rich application scenarios
Support the development, training, and application of large models of artificial intelligence government services
Opinions are put forward to enrich data application scenarios. In industries and fields where market demand is large and data resources are abundant, expand application scenarios, and encourage business entities to use public data resources to develop products and provide services. Enterprises, public institutions, and social organizations are encouraged and supported to use public data without compensation to develop public interest products, and to provide services that are convenient and beneficial to the people. Support the development, training, and application of large models of artificial intelligence government services, and improve the intelligent level of public services and social governance.
Drive regional data collaboration. Implement major regional strategies and regional coordinated development strategies, encourage innovation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River to promote the development and utilization of public data resources, promote the development of a national integrated data market, and cultivate emerging industries. Explore the establishment of regional cooperation and interest adjustment mechanisms for the development and utilization of public data resources, support the eastern, central, and western regions in giving play to their comparative advantages, carry out regional cooperation in data storage, computing, services, and other links, and share the dividends of data elements.
Strengthen data service capacity building. Strengthen the construction of data infrastructure, and promote the transformation of data utilization methods to the direction of equal emphasis on sharing, aggregation and application service capabilities. Promote the integration and application of diverse data and enrich data products and services. Research and formulate standards and specifications for data infrastructure, promote the interconnection of facilities and the exchange of capabilities, and promote the construction of a coordinated and efficient national public data service capacity system. Regions with the capacity are encouraged to explore on-site trading models for public data products and services, coordinate the planning and layout of data trading venues, and guide and regulate the healthy development of data trading venues.
Prosper the development ecology of the data industry. Include the data industry as an encouraged development category in the guidance catalogue for industrial structure adjustment, support technological innovation and application such as data collection and labeling, analysis and mining, circulation and use, and data security, and encourage the development of multiple forms of data products such as data models, data verification, and evaluation indexes. Focusing on data acquisition, storage, computing and utilization, cultivate high-level data element enterprises. Focus on computing power network and trusted circulation, and support the development of data infrastructure enterprises. Implement policies such as additional deduction of R&D expenses and tax incentives for high-tech enterprises. Support the development of social groups and industry alliances such as data industry associations and societies, build industry consensus, strengthen industry self-discipline, and promote the development of the industry.
Integrate development and security
Strictly control the direct entry of original public data that has not been disclosed in accordance with laws and regulations into the market
Opinions put forward to increase innovation incentives. Clarify the boundaries of responsibility for the management and operation of public data, and optimize the allocation of institutional resources around strengthening management responsibilities. In regions and departments where conditions permit, in accordance with the principle of appropriate separation of management and operation, and on the premise of ensuring government affairs applications and public services, public institutions undertaking data operation responsibilities may be converted into enterprises and restructured in accordance with relevant state provisions, and pilot the establishment of industrial and regional operating institutions, and manage them in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations on state-owned assets, and those that meet the requirements are included in the centralized and unified supervision of operational state-owned assets. Research and formulate incentive policies to support the development of operating institutions.
Strengthen security management. Strengthen data security and personal information protection, and strengthen oversight and management of the entire process of development and utilization of data resources, such as production, processing and use, and product management. Establish and complete work systems such as classification and grading, risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, and emergency response, and carry out security risk assessments for the use of public data and normative reviews of application operations. Operating bodies should perform entity responsibility for data security on the basis of relevant laws, regulations, and policy requirements, and employ necessary security measures to protect public data security. Strengthen technical capacity building and improve the level of risk identification and control associated with data aggregation. Public data that is kept confidential in accordance with laws and regulations is not to be opened, and original public data that has not been disclosed in accordance with laws and regulations is strictly controlled to directly enter the market.
Encourage early adopting, first-in-class trials. Fully consider the unknown variables in the data field, implement the "three distinctions", encourage and protect cadres to take responsibility, create an entrepreneurial atmosphere that encourages innovation and embraces innovation, and supports the active exploration of feasible paths in terms of institutional mechanisms, authorization in accordance with regulations, price formation, and income distribution. Fully understand the potential risks of large-scale use of data, resolutely prevent "data corruption" such as the use of data for personal gain, persist in correcting mistakes and correcting mistakes, early detection and correction of emerging and tendentious problems, and promptly employ remedial measures for mistakes and mistakes, to preserve the security of public data.
According to Xinhua News Agency