Author: Tai Shi Xiaosheng
Combining political offensives with military strikes is one of the important magic weapons for the CPC to lead the people's army to defeat the enemy and win victory. To liberate the Great Southwest, we must also adopt a method of combining political offensive with military strikes.
On November 23, the Southwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was established in Changde, with Deng Xiaoping as the first secretary, Liu Bocheng as the second secretary, He Long as the third secretary, and Song Renqiang as the deputy secretary.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > Chiang Kai-shek once fantasized about holding a corner of the southwest in order to wait for changes in the international situation and make a comeback</h1>
After the liberation of Guiyang, the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army continued to advance rapidly, annihilating five divisions of the Nationalist Song Xilian Group and the Luo Guangwen Corps in the Nanchuan area of southern Chongqing in late November.
Therefore, when the Platon soldiers were pointing at Chongqing and Sichuan, Chiang Kai-shek received a telegram from the "Executive Yuan" and some "legislators" asking him to "go to Chongqing to save the crisis" and flew from Taipei to Chongqing on November 14 in a vain attempt to save the crisis.
Chiang Kai-shek originally wanted to rely on the Soong Xilian clique to hold eastern Sichuan. As a result, most of Song Xilian's group was quickly wiped out, and finally the army collapsed, and Song Xilian led the remnants to flee desperately to western Sichuan. Chiang Kai-shek wanted to rely on the Luo GuangWen Corps to hold south of Chongqing, but unexpectedly, the Luo GuangWen Corps was also mostly annihilated by the People's Liberation Army in the Nanchuan area.
Chiang Kai-shek dispatched Hu Zongnan's First Army to reinforce Chongqing, but to no avail. In the end, the situation was very critical, and Chiang Kai-shek was trapped in the city of Sorrow, wandering around the room day and night, and finally had no power to return to heaven.
On November 29, the Kuomintang Executive Yuan fled to Chengdu. The Kuomintang military and political personnel in Chongqing Municipality were panicked and had nowhere to escape, and the social order was in chaos.
Chiang Ching-kuo called this period of Chiang Kai-shek "the autumn of critical survival," which is very appropriate.
On November 29, chiang kai-shek fled to Chengdu amid the rumbling of the People's Liberation Army. On the 30th, Chongqing was liberated. On the eve of the liberation of Chongqing, Chiang Kai-shek ordered a bloody massacre of Communists and revolutionaries imprisoned in prisons such as the "White Mansion" and "Slag Cave" in Gele Mountain, Chongqing. Hundreds of outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation bravely took up their righteousness in the darkness before dawn.
On December 1, the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army held a grand entrance ceremony in Chongqing, which was warmly welcomed by people from all walks of life. On the same day, the Chongqing Municipal Military Control Commission of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was proclaimed, with Zhang Jichun as the director and Chen Xilian as the deputy director. At the same time, the Chongqing Municipal People's Government was proclaimed, with Chen Xi as the mayor and Cao Diqiu as the vice mayor.
On December 2, the Southwest Military and Political Committee was established, with Liu Bocheng as chairman and Deng Xiaoping as vice chairman.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > Ii, Liu Bocheng, and Deng Xiaoping appointed a famous general and commander of the corps who was good at fighting as the mayor of Chongqing</h1>
After the Second Field Army liberated Chongqing, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping talked to Chen Xilian and sent him to serve as the first secretary of the Chongqing Municipal CPC Committee and the mayor of Chongqing Municipality. Chen Xilian was the commander of the Third Corps of the Second Field Army, who was able to fight and was good at fighting.
Chen Xilian said: I will not and do not understand local work, or let other comrades do it! Deng Xiaoping said that fighting wars is for the people, and being mayor is also for the people.
In accordance with Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping's arrangements, Chen Xilian immediately threw himself into intense local work. Chongqing was once the "capital" of the Kuomintang government during the War of Resistance, and before Chiang Kai-shek fled, he wanted to make Chongqing a "temporary capital", so the social situation in Chongqing was extremely complicated.
Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping appointed a well-known general and commander of a corps who was good at fighting wars as mayors of Chongqing Municipality, which could play a role in deterring the enemy and inspiring the people. This is well thought out and very far-sighted.
Inspired by the people's liberation army's powerful offensive to sweep away the leaves and the policies of the Communist Party of China, on December 9, Lu Han, chairman of the Kuomintang's Yunnan Province and director of the Yunnan Appeasement Office, telegraphed an uprising in Kunming, saying that he would "listen to the orders of the Central People's Government and the People's Revolutionary Military Commission, and wholeheartedly welcome the early entry of the People's Liberation Army into Yunnan to take over." Yunnan was peacefully liberated.
Subsequently, the Second Field Army advanced into Yunnan and launched the Southern Yunnan Campaign, eliminating the Nationalist forces in Yunnan.
On the same day as the peaceful liberation of Yunnan, Liu Wenhui, chairman of the Kuomintang Xikang Province, and Deng Xihou and Pan Wenhua, deputy chiefs of the Office of the Chief Military and Political Officer of the Southwest China, respectively issued uprising telegrams in Ya'an, Pengxian, and other places, declaring that they would "wholeheartedly obey the leadership of Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu of the Central People's Government, and Liu Commander and Political Commissar Deng of the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army." Peaceful liberation of Xikang.
After Chiang Kai-shek fled from Chongqing to Chengdu, the People's Liberation Army quickly overwhelmed the territory, and Chengdu was already in an embattled situation. During his time in Chengdu, Chiang Kai-shek was not willing to sit still, but he was helpless and slapped his head all over the place, but there was nothing he could do, only to beat the spirit and barely cope.
The first measure: Chiang Kai-shek held an emergency military conference in Chengdu, expressed his determination to stick to Chengdu, and formed the General Headquarters for the Decisive Battle in Western Sichuan, appointing Hu Zongnan as the commander-in-chief. However, Hu Zongnan did not have any confidence in sticking to Chengdu, but advocated retreating to Xikang first. As the People's Liberation Army rapidly approached Chengdu, Chiang Kai-shek's plan for a decisive battle in western Sichuan was completely shattered.
The second measure: Chiang Kai-shek appointed Hu Zongnan as the deputy chief of the Southwest Military and Political Chief's Office, with full command of the Kuomintang troops in the Chuankang area, and handed over the command of the army to Hu Zongnan.
The third move: Chiang Kai-shek decided to move the Kuomintang "government" elsewhere. After considering moving to Xichang, he felt that it was still very dangerous, and hesitated until December 8, before making up his mind to move the Kuomintang "government" to Taipei.
The fourth move: Chiang Kai-shek tried his best to win the life of the general Chuan Kang before fleeing. On December 7, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou and other Chuankang generals for an interview, but they all avoided seeing each other. For Chiang Kai-shek, this is another dangerous signal. At this time, Chengdu was already very dangerous, the order in the city was very chaotic, there were gunshots from time to time, and the guards advised Chiang Kai-shek to flee quickly. Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to flee Chengdu by plane on December 10.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" >3, Chiang Kai-shek was horrified, saw that the situation was not good, hurriedly handed over the command to Hu Zongnan, and fled to Taiwan in a hurry</h1>
On this day, the day after the four generals Lu Han, Xi Kang, Sichuan Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua telegraphed the uprising, Chiang Kai-shek's radio intercepted a telegram sent by Lu Han to Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua on the same day, asking them to detain Chiang Kai-shek in Chengdu, saying that this move "can become the people's first meritorious service."
When Chiang Ching-kuo mentioned the dangerous situation at this time in his diary that day, he said: "This time I was in the tiger's den, which was even more dangerous than when the Xi'an incident occurred, and there was no room for a night between misfortune and happiness. ”
After the liberation of Chongqing, the Second Field Army quickly marched to Chengdu. According to the instructions of the Central Military Commission, the 18th Corps of the People's Liberation Army, located in the border area of Sichuan and Shaanxi, led by He Long, crossed the Qinling Mountains and entered Sichuan at the same time. Its strategic goal was to form a siege of the Chengdu area and annihilate Hu Zongnan's clique and other Kuomintang troops in the Chengdu area.
On December 10, Chiang Kai-shek, who had just fled from Chongqing to Chengdu, was horrified and saw that the situation was not good, so he hurriedly handed over the command to Hu Zongnan and fled to Taiwan in a hurry.
Forty years of home country, three thousand miles of mountains and rivers,
Fengge Dragon Building Lian Xiaohan, Yushu Qiongzhi smoke dreams,
How many have you ever known?
Once classified as a vassal, sink your waist and wear out,
The most is the day of the hasty resignation temple, and the church still plays a parting song,
Weeping to the palace.
This poem by Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty is a true portrayal of Chiang Kai-shek's state of mind at this moment.
In early December, under the pursuit and roundabout encirclement of the People's Liberation Army, Hu Zongnan's clique and the remnants of the Kuomintang army in Sichuan gathered in the Chengdu area. After the various armies of the Second Field Army broke through the resistance of the Kuomintang troops along the Fujiang, Tuojiang, and Minjiang rivers, they captured Jianyang and Renshou on the 15th, Leshan on the 16th, Meishan and Pengxian on the 17th, and on the 19th, the Sixteenth Army of the Fifth Corps of the Second Field Army captured Song Xilian, director of the Xiang'e border sui bureau in Sichuan, at the Jinkou River southwest of Emei County.
On December 20, the Second Field Army captured the cities of Pujiang, Qiongxia, and Dayi, completely cutting off the retreat route of Hu Zongnan's group, and forming a pincer-shaped encirclement of the Chengdu area from the west, south, and east. In order to quickly cut off the enemy's retreat, all units, together with the Eighteenth Corps and other units, gathered to annihilate the Hu Zongnan clique in the Chengdu Basin, and in accordance with the orders of Commander Liu Bocheng and Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping to pursue in the direction of Chengdu without stopping, despite 40 consecutive days of marching and fighting, they still advanced day and night in spite of fatigue, and were determined to completely annihilate the Hu Zongnan clique.
On the Chengdu front, because the People's Liberation Army was devastated and decayed, the situation was like a bamboo, surrounded on all sides, and the military offensive and political offensive were both simultaneous, and the Kuomintang army had a premonition that it would be difficult to escape the fate of annihilation. After Chiang Kai-shek escaped, Hu Zongnan was already uncertain and was also preparing to escape, seeing the People's Liberation Army army pressing the border, and also imitating Chiang Kai-shek, "Thirty-six plans, going to the top", leaving his troops to the command of Li Wen, commander of the Fifth Corps of the Kuomintang army, and he himself fled by plane to Haikou on Hainan Island on December 23.
At this time, the Kuomintang troops, which were surrounded on all sides, were even more panicked and shaken, and some Kuomintang generals sent telegrams in response to the "Eight Chapters of the Law of the Covenant" and The "Four Pieces of Advice" of Chief Liu Deng, and held an uprising or surrendered. On December 21, Dong Zongbu led the 16th Corps of the Kuomintang army to revolt in Guanghan, on the 24th, Luo Guangwen led the 15th Corps of the Kuomintang army, and Chen Kefei led the 20th Corps to revolt in Pengxian County, and on the 25th, Pei Changhui of the 17th Corps of the Kuomintang army led the troops to revolt in Deyang.
Li Wen, the Fifth Corps of the Kuomintang army, was obstinate and tried to struggle to the death, and the seven armies under the command post broke through in the direction of Ya'an by separate routes, and were blocked and divided by the People's Liberation Army and surrounded by the 20-kilometer area between Qiongxia, Dayi, Xinjin, and Pujiang. On the 26th, the People's Liberation Army launched a full-line attack, fiercely attacking the Kuomintang army's positions, and at dusk, all but a few of the enemy who fled to Xichang were annihilated, and more than 50,000 people under Li Wen, commander of the enemy's Fifth Corps, were captured.
On December 27, Li Zhen of the 18th Corps of the Kuomintang army led an uprising in the area west of Jianyang. At this point, the Hu Zongnan clique and 300,000 other Kuomintang troops gathered in the Chengdu area after being encircled by the People's Liberation Army were all annihilated except those who revolted and surrendered, and the Chengdu Campaign ended in victory.
On the same day, the People's Liberation Army liberated Chengdu. On December 30, the People's Liberation Army held a ceremony to enter the city of Chengdu. He Long led the 18th Corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army into Chengdu and was warmly welcomed by people from all walks of life. The Chengdu Municipal Military Control Commission of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was proclaimed, with Li Jingquan as the director and Zhou Shi as the deputy director.
The Fourth Corps of the Second Field Army, led by Chen Kang, eliminated more than 40,000 members of the Kuomintang Yu Hanmou Group in Yangchun and Yangjiang, Guangdong, in late October, and annihilated most of the enemy's Third Corps and the 13th Corps in the Bobai, Luchuan, and Lianjiang areas of Guangxi in December, smashing the plan of the Kuomintang army to flee from the Leizhou Peninsula to the sea, liberating Qinzhou on December 6, and completely annihilating the main force of the Bai Chongxi clique. After that, Chen Du's corps was still under the command of the Second Field Army.
In January 1950, Chen Geng's Corps and the First Unit of the Fourth Field Army marched from the Baise area to Yunnan, and with the strong cooperation of the Guidian Qianbian Column of the People's Liberation Army, which had long insisted on guerrilla warfare, they annihilated most of the 26th Army and the Eighth Army of the Kuomintang army that were trying to flee abroad in Mengzi, Gejiu, Yuanjiang, nanqi (present-day Menghai) and other places in southern Yunnan, and captured Tang Yao, deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army and commander of the Eighth Corps.
On February 20, Chen Geng's corps and the Guiqian Dianbian Column held an entrance ceremony in Kunming, which was warmly welcomed by people from all walks of life. At the same time, the Kunming Municipal Military Control Commission of the People's Liberation Army was proclaimed, with Chen Geng as director and Zhou Baozhong as deputy director.
From mid-March to early April, the Southwest Military Region (formerly the Second Field Army) launched the Xichang Campaign, which annihilated more than 10,000 Nationalist troops. At this point, all the Kuomintang troops entrenched in the southwest region were annihilated.
Deng Xiaoping and Liu Bocheng led the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army into the southwest, which lasted more than 5 months, annihilated more than 930,000 kuomintang regular troops and local armed forces, liberated the four provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Xikang in the southwest region, and completely smashed the kuomintang's attempt to divide the southwest and wait for the opportunity to counterattack.
About the author: Taishi Xiaosheng, a lover of history, is especially passionate about reading and writing party history and military history. I have always wanted to look back at history more clearly, look at history more rationally, and write history more fluently.
The majority of history buffs are welcome to exchange axes.